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{"id":1619,"date":"2014-08-02T19:22:16","date_gmt":"2014-08-02T19:22:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=1619"},"modified":"2014-08-02T19:22:16","modified_gmt":"2014-08-02T19:22:16","slug":"kuranin-aynen-tercumesi-mumkun-mudur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/kuranin-aynen-tercumesi-mumkun-mudur\/","title":{"rendered":"Kur’an’\u0131n Aynen Terc\u00fcmesi M\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?"},"content":{"rendered":"B<\/span>ilhassa son bir as\u0131rd\u0131r gereksiz bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n aynen terc\u00fcmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?\u201d sorusu, en mant\u0131ks\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden sorulmu\u015f sorulardan biridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce dil, sadece harflerden ve kelimelerden ibaret kal\u0131plar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir. Nas\u0131l \u00fcsl\u00fbp, \u201c\u00dcsl\u00fbb-u beyan, ayn\u0131yla insan\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnde de ifadesini buldu\u011fu \u00fczere, ki\u015finin aynas\u0131d\u0131r; bunun gibi, bir milletin dili de, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, karakteri, tarihi ve \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafya ile, o milletin aynas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir dildeki pek \u00e7ok kelimenin ba\u015fka dildeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, o kelimeleri b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 kullananlarda meydana getirdi\u011fi tesirleriyle asla yans\u0131tamaz. Mesel\u00e2, Kur\u2019\u00e2n kelimesi her ne kadar Kur\u2019\u00e2n i\u00e7in bir \u00f6zel isimse de, s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131 itibariyle \u201cokumak\u201d demektir. Bu man\u00e2da o, cins isim bile olsa, kendinden t\u00fcredi\u011fi masdar\u0131 itibariyle dahi ba\u015fka bir dilde aynen ifade edilemez. Ne T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u2018okuma, okuyu\u015f\u2019 gibi masdar \u00e7e\u015fitleri, ne, mesel\u00e2 \u0130ngilizce\u2019de \u2018reading\u2019 veya \u2018recitation\u2019 gibi kelimeler, ne de herhangi bir dilde \u2018okuma\u2019 man\u00e2s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan herhangi bir kelime, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. Dil, \u00f6l\u00fc bir vak\u0131a de\u011fil, onu kullanan milletin tarihiyle birlikte de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve adaptasyonlar ge\u00e7iren canl\u0131 bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olarak, Arap\u00e7a, gramatik bir dildir; kaideleri bellidir, yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bilhassa kelime t\u00fcretme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin dilidir.<\/p>\n

\n

Mesel\u00e2, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da 35 tane masdar kal\u0131b\u0131 vard\u0131r; yani, bir fiilin 35 farkl\u0131 masdar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bunlardan her biri, \u015fekil, t\u00fcr, bi\u00e7im gibi pek \u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 anlam ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m ifade eder.<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Bunlardan ayr\u0131 olarak, \u201cmasdar bina-i merre\u201d, \u201cmasdar bina-i nev\u2019\u201d gibi, apayr\u0131 masdar t\u00fcrleri de vard\u0131r. Yine, bir dildeki \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman, geni\u015f zaman, gelecek zaman\u201d, di\u011fer dildekilerin her zaman i\u00e7in ayn\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. Mesel\u00e2, Kur\u2019\u00e2n- \u0131 Kerim, bilhassa \u00c2hiret\u2019le al\u00e2kal\u0131 vak\u2019a ve vak\u0131alardan bahsederken \u00e7ok defa \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u201d kipi kullan\u0131r. Oysa \u00c2hiret, insan tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir gelecektir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019daki bu kullan\u0131\u015f\u0131n, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015f zaman\u201d kipinin kesinlik ifade etmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, daha pek \u00e7ok sebepleri ve ifade etti\u011fi anlamlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Yine, Arap\u00e7a\u2019daki \u201cmuzar\u00ee\u201d kipi de, hi\u00e7bir zaman ne T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019deki \u201cgeni\u015f zaman\u201dla, ne de \u0130ngilizce\u2019deki \u201csimple present tense- \u201dle tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cfiil-i muzar\u00ee\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019deki \u201c\u015fimdiki zaman\u201d kipini de i\u00e7ine almas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, \u201ctekrar, tecedd\u00fct (yenilenme)\u201d gibi, ifade etti\u011fi daha ba\u015fka man\u00e2larla da belli bir zenginli\u011fe sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, mesel\u00e2 \u0130ngilizce\u2019deki \u201cpresent perfect tense\u201di bir ba\u015fka dilde, en az\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Arap\u00e7a\u2019da bulmak zor oldu\u011fu gibi, bu \u201ctense\u201d, ayn\u0131 \u0130ngilizce olsa da, kullanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Amerikan ve \u0130ngiliz \u0130ngilizcelerinde birbirinin t\u0131pat\u0131p ayn\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir ba\u015fka dil \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da yaln\u0131zca \u201ctekil ve \u00e7o\u011ful\u201d de\u011fil, \u201ctekil, ikil (tesniye) ve \u00e7o\u011ful\u201d oldu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n her biri i\u00e7in isimler, s\u0131fatlar ve fiiller ayr\u0131 kal\u0131plar istedi\u011fi halde, mesel\u00e2, ne T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de, ne de \u0130ngilizce\u2019de \u201cikil\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de s\u0131fatlar, \u0130ngilizce\u2019de fiiller ve s\u0131fatlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fekli yoktur. Ayr\u0131ca, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da isim \u00e7o\u011fullar da pek \u00e7ok \u015fekillerde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u201cErkek (eril)\u201d isimler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131, \u201cdi\u015fi\u201d isimler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 kural ve kal\u0131plar oldu\u011fu gibi, bilhassa isimler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ve her biri ayr\u0131 anlam farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtiva eden \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fekilleri ve bu \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fekillerinin kelimeye katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendilerine has anlam farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2, k\u0131r\u0131k \u00e7o\u011ful denilen \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fekli azl\u0131k ifade ederken, kurall\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulda bu yoktur.
\nYine bir ba\u015fka farkl\u0131l\u0131k olarak, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u2018l\u00e2m-\u0131 tarif \u2019 denilen belirlilik tak\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de bulunmaz ve bu tak\u0131, belirlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ihtiva etti\u011fi \u2018l\u00e2m\u2019 harfiyle, ba\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011fi kelimeye pek \u00e7ok anlamlar katar. S\u00f6zgelimi, \u201cen-n\u00e2s\u201d dendi\u011fi zaman, bazen \u2018isti\u011frak\u2019la b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar, bazen \u2018ahd\u2019 ifadesiyle, kendilerinden bahsedilen husus\u00ee bir grup kastedilir.<\/p>\n

Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n asla bir ba\u015fka dile terc\u00fcmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha vard\u0131r ki, o da \u015fudur: Kur\u2019\u00e2n, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok kelimeyi kavramla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n kelimesi gibi, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yeri olan rab, il\u00e2h, melik, kitab, vahiy, din, millet, \u015feriat, ibadet, takva, ihsan, ihl\u00e2s, vel\u00ee, nur, neb\u00ee, ras\u00fbl, isl\u00e2m, iman gibi onlarca, hatt\u00e2 kelime, isim gibi daha pek \u00e7ok kelimeleri, ayr\u0131ca, Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u0130limleri ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda geni\u015f bir ilmin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an muhkem, m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih, tefsir, te\u2019vil, n\u00e2sih, mensuh gibi kavramlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir dile aynen terc\u00fcme etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bir ba\u015fka dile aynen terc\u00fcmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri elbette yaln\u0131zca bunlardan ibaret olamaz. Burada, aynen terc\u00fcmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmayan \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee bir kitab\u0131n g\u00fcya bir ba\u015fka dildeki terc\u00fcmesinin onun yerine ge\u00e7meyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemenin ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n okuman\u0131n farz oldu\u011fu namaz gibi ibadetlerde okunup okunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorman\u0131n ne kadar man\u00e2s\u0131z ve sa\u00e7ma olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmeliyiz.
\nAli \u00dcNAL’ \u0131n “Din Etraf\u0131nda” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan<\/p>\ntweet<\/a>