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{"id":2089,"date":"2014-11-27T15:55:43","date_gmt":"2014-11-27T15:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2014-11-27T15:55:43","modified_gmt":"2014-11-27T15:55:43","slug":"fethullah-gulenin-calismalari-ve-teror-caginda-siddetsizligin-rolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/fethullah-gulenin-calismalari-ve-teror-caginda-siddetsizligin-rolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Fethullah G\u00fclen’in \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Ter\u00f6r \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda \u015eiddetsizli\u011fin Rol\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\nT<\/span>ehlikeli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7iyoruz. Resm\u00ee politikalar\u0131n, siyasal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sorunlara asker\u00ee nitelikli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmaya odakland\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130sl\u00e2m ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kutupla\u015fman\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131\u00adn\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6yleyse b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ek\u00adle\u015fen bir konferansta sunulan bu tebli\u011fde \u015fiddetsizli\u011fin rol\u00fcne odaklanman\u0131n anlam\u0131 nedir<\/p>\n

Bu soruya k\u0131saca verilecek cevap; Fethullah G\u00fclen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmala\u00adr\u0131n \u015fiddetten uzak bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee katk\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k arz etmektedir. Peki, G\u00fclen’in \u015fiddetsizli\u011fe dair \u00f6\u011fretileri, pratikte bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecektir? Onun \u00f6\u011fretileri dogmalarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f sta\u00adtik ve pasif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa ger\u00e7ekten, icraat i\u00e7indeki \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131 tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n yeni bir y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek yenilik\u00e7i, ak\u00adtif ve bilin\u00e7li bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ruhuna m\u0131 tan\u0131k oluyoruz?<\/p>\n

Bu sunum, Johan Galtung ve Paul Smoker gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarla\u00adr\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle k\u0131yaslayarak bu sorulara cevap aramaktad\u0131r. Her iki yazar da pozitif ve negatif bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ay\u0131r\u0131r ve yap\u0131sal \u015fiddetin (structural violence)<\/em> do\u011frudan \u015fiddet (direct violence)<\/em> ka\u00addar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu, yeni bir bar\u0131\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in her iki \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de yok edilmesi gerekti\u011fini kabul eder. Peki, bu \u00f6\u011fretiler Gandi’nin \u00f6\u011fretilerini, adaletsizli\u011fe meydan okuma ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm in\u015fa etmeye y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetsiz taktikler ve stratejiler \u015feklinde form\u00fcle etmek \u00fczere Gene Sharp’\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarzda de\u011fi\u015fim ve sosyal adalete \u015fiddetten uzak bir inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 prati\u011fe aktaran tekniklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme yetene\u011fine sahip midir? Fethullah G\u00fclen sadece ahirette kurtulu\u015fa erdirecek en uygun \u00f6\u011fretiler mi dile getirmekte, yoksa Sharp’\u0131n Romanya ve Ukrayna’da \u015fiddet\u00adten uzak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l devrimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 derecede kullan\u0131labilecek kadar entegre midirler?<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131ya da\u00adyal\u0131 olumlu bir de\u011fi\u015fim in\u015fa etme giri\u015fimine Kur’\u00e2n’dan s\u00fczd\u00fc\u00ad\u011f\u00fc prensipleri uygulamaktan ge\u00e7er. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, benzer so\u00adnu\u00e7lar do\u011furan Bat\u0131l\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan ne fark\u0131 vard\u0131r? Bu konfe\u00adrans\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f yoluyla bar\u0131\u015f vizyonunu ve iktidara kar\u015f\u0131 hakikati s\u00f6ylemede benzer deneyimleri payla\u015fan ge\u00e7mi\u015fin seslerini duymalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Buradaki kilit soru; bu farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birle\u015fti\u011fi veya ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretileri\u00adnin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortak oldu\u011fudur. Bu hedef, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00addeki kalk\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rma modellerinin masumlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00adl\u00fc \u015fiddet i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle, sonras\u0131nda daha \u015fiddetli bask\u0131lar\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak tepkileri kolayl\u0131kla k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u00adr\u00f6r \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Buradaki can al\u0131c\u0131 hu\u00adsus; Fethullah G\u00fclen’in \u015fiddetsizlik \u00f6\u011fretilerinin, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 sosyal de\u011fi\u015fime y\u00f6nelik yeni bir \u015fiddetten uzak uygulamaya ilham kay\u00adna\u011f\u0131 olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorusudur.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f Yoluyla Bar\u0131\u015f m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f yoluyla bar\u0131\u015f kavram\u0131 Tolstoy’dan Martin Luther’e ka\u00addar uzanan zengin bir Bat\u0131l\u0131 gelene\u011fe sahiptir. Do\u011fu’da ise \u015fid\u00addetsizlik gelene\u011fi \u00e7ok daha eskilere dayan\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 3. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hindistan’a h\u00fckmeden \u0130mparator Asoka, manevi ve pragmatik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fiddetsizli\u011fi benimsemesine yol a\u00e7an Budizm’i kabul etmeden \u00f6nce y\u00fcz binin \u00fczerinde insan\u0131 katletti.<\/p>\n

Ortado\u011fu’nun manevi liderlerinin \u015fiddetsizlik \u00f6\u011fretileri, Bat\u0131 i\u00e7in her zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak uhrev\u00ee boyutlu teo\u00adri ile d\u00fcnyev\u00ee pratik aras\u0131ndaki “ba\u011flant\u0131”n\u0131n \u00e7ok yetersiz oldu\u011fu bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan Hristiyanl\u0131k \u015fiddeti azaltamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksine Hristiyanlar bu uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7te hem kendi\u00adleri gibi Hristiyanlar\u0131 hem de di\u011fer din mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde katletmi\u015flerdir. Yine de, uzmanlar\u0131ndan birinin de belirt\u00adti\u011fi \u00fczere, dini gelenek, zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131n farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u00ads\u0131ndan Hristiyan \u00fcmmetinin \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolay kolay g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez.<\/p>\n

Dinlerinden ilham alan pek \u00e7ok Hristiyan toplulu\u011fun, bu ma\u00adnev\u00ee etik ve \u015fiddetsizlik inanc\u0131n\u0131, pratik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc eylemler setine aktarmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Pax Christi ve Quaker’lar yerel, ulusal ve uluslar aras\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde ge\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri hizmetlerle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 telkin etmektedirler. Yine \u0130ngiltere’de, hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli sosyal de\u011fi\u015fim ve bar\u0131\u015f gruplar\u0131n\u0131n, Joseph Rowntree Vakf\u0131 gibi Quaker gruplar\u0131n\u0131n parasal kaynak\u00adlar\u0131ndan yararland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu destek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n iyi y\u00f6ndeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 olmaz. Ancak devlet d\u00fczeyinde, kurucular\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetten uzak mesajlar\u0131\u00adna ra\u011fmen, prati\u011fe d\u00f6k\u00fclen mesajlar olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de yak\u0131n tarihimizde asker k\u00f6kenli rahiplerin n\u00fckle\u00ader f\u00fczeleri kutsad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Hitler gibi ate\u015fli bir Hristiyan taraf\u0131ndan Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Hristiyanl\u0131k gerek\u00e7eleriy\u00adle hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olduk. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Katolik Kilisesi’nin ba\u015f\u0131 Papa XII. Pius, Almanlar\u0131n Yahudi halk\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 muameleye kar\u015f\u0131 sesini y\u00fckseltmeyi red\u00addederken, Vatikan o zamandan beri kendi ahl\u00e2k\u0131 \u00fczerinde derin izler b\u0131rakan bu sessizlik i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli \u00f6z\u00fcr diliyor. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma\u00adlardaki en \u00f6nemli husus; bar\u0131\u015f ve \u015fiddetsizlik \u00f6\u011fretisinin manev\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu inan\u00e7lar\u0131n prati\u011fe d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir.<\/p>\n

Bu gi\u00adbi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn eksik olmas\u0131, acizlik veya ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u00ad\u011f\u00fcn g\u00f6stergesidir. Ancak bu makaleyi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irenlerden biri\u00adsinin i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi bu durum ayr\u0131ca kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da yorumlanabilir. Nazilerin “Biz Hristiyan\u0131z” demeleri Hristiyan olduklar\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelmez; Nazizm’in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Hristiyanl\u0131k kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareket oldu\u011funa dair pek \u00e7ok delil vard\u0131r. Yine de bu maka\u00adleyi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7iren kimse, s\u00f6zde “Alman Hristiyan Hareketi”nin dini, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen halka y\u00f6nelik Nasyonel Sosyalist yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n hizmetinde kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte benim de vurgulamak istedi\u011fim husus budur: \u0130nand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6\u011freti ve prati\u011fin birle\u015fme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fclen Hareketi’ni d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakanlara bu kadar \u00e7ekici k\u0131lan y\u00f6n de budur. Zira d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ba\u00adkanlar i\u00e7in bile bu Hareket, motivasyonunu manevi de\u011ferlerle davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n uyumundan almaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t \u015e\u00fcphesiz, bar\u0131\u015f \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6\u011fretisinin merkezinde yer al\u0131r. Kur’\u00e2n’a g\u00f6re bar\u0131\u015f (es-Selam)<\/em> Allah’\u0131n isimlerinden birisidir.( Ha\u015fir s\u00fbresi, 59\/23) \u0130sl\u00e2m ule\u00admas\u0131, S\u00fcnnet\/Peygamber yolunun, \u015fiddetsizlik metodunun bilin\u00e7\u00adli olarak se\u00e7ilmesi \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini ikna edici delillerle savunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n \u015fiddetsizli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n tebli\u011fi\u00adne y\u00f6nelik bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fccadele ilkesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Fethullah G\u00fclen’in katk\u0131s\u0131, \u015fiddet kullanmaks\u0131z\u0131n sosyal de\u011fi\u015fime sahne olan Bat\u0131l\u0131 pratikler penceresinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda daha rahat anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bu y\u00f6ntem yava\u015f bir tan\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00adcine sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bar\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m bilginlerinin \u015fiddetsizlik hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini, bu \u015fiddetsizlik bi\u00e7iminin aktif ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maya ve benimsemeye ba\u015flamalar\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi \u00e7ok yenidir. Elbette \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Araplar\u0131n ileri gelenleri aile ve toplum i\u00e7i anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr prensipleri y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kul\u00adlanmaktad\u0131r ve bu prensiplerin, ara\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen bilginler i\u00e7in uzun bir uygulama ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel olarak, Do\u011fu bize en ilham verici bilgelerimizden ba\u00adz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rd\u0131; onlar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hem bar\u0131\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hem de \u015fiddetsiz eylem yoluyla bar\u0131\u015f felsefesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00adm\u00fczde aktif \u015fekilde bar\u0131\u015f hareketleri i\u00e7inde yer alan herkes, Ma\u00adhatma Gandi’ye \u015f\u00fckran duymaktad\u0131r. Onun m\u00fccadelesi bir d\u00f6\u00adn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en geni\u015f imparatorlu\u011fun \u015fiddetli adaletsizlikleriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma s\u00fcreci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Gandi uzun vadede zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015fiddeti taktik olarak kullanmay\u0131 reddediyordu. “\u015eiddete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorum; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iyili\u011fe hizmet ediyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu yarar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7icidir; yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler ise kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/em> diyordu. Gandi’ye g\u00f6re; “\u015fiddet yoluyla kazan\u0131lan zafer, anl\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yenilgiye e\u015ftir.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Gandi’nin gayet pratik olan manev\u00ee \u00f6\u011fretisi ve fikirleriyle, Fethullah G\u00fclen’in \u00f6\u011freti ve fikirleri birbirine benzemektedir. \u00d6rne\u00ad\u011fin, Gandi i\u00e7sel\/manev\u00ee sorumluluk \u00e2lemi ile yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. Bu ilgi s\u0131k\u00e7a al\u0131nt\u0131lanan \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fcnde billurla\u015f\u0131r: “\u0130nsan olarak, bi\u00adzim b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirebilmemizde de\u011fil… kendimizi yeniden \u015fekillendirebilmemizde yatar.”<\/em> H\u00e2lbuki Bat\u0131l\u0131 ba\u00adr\u0131\u015f eylemcilerine g\u00f6re Gandi’nin katk\u0131s\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerde taklit edilebilen teknik boyutlar i\u00e7ermesinden almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nc\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Theodore Lente bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi “Bar\u0131\u015f Bilimi ve Teknolojisi” olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem Gandi hem de G\u00fclen, s\u0131dk\u0131n<\/em> \u00f6nemini vurgular; s\u0131dk<\/em> bar\u0131\u015f\u00ad\u00e7\u0131l bir de\u011fi\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi hedefleyen hareketlerin pratikte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir testtir. “Hakikati test etme” yaln\u0131zca ilk d\u00f6nem filozoflar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk d\u00f6nem bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 da me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiliz do\u011fa filozofu Francis Bacon; “Hakikat, dile getirilemeyecek kadar zordur; bazen makul hale getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in masalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur.”<\/em> der. Sonra da bilimsel uygulamalar\u0131n kurucu kavram\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flanabilirli\u011fi<\/em> kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam eder: “Hakikat kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, hatalardan do\u011far.”<\/em> Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle hakikat t\u00fcm kavramlar\u0131 sorgulamaya ve s\u0131namaya a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kopernik ve Galileo’yu Roma Kilisesi ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7ine sokan da bu yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Zira bu bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n astronomik g\u00f6zlemleri ve sonu\u00e7ta ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 hipotezler, Kutsal Kitap doktrini ile \u00e7eli\u015fiyor\u00addu. Bunun sonucu klasik paradigma meydan okumas\u0131 ve yer de\u011fi\u015f\u00adtirmesi hik\u00e2yesi oldu. Bacon’un kendisi de iktidara kar\u015f\u0131 hakika\u00adti s\u00f6ylemenin tehlikesinin fark\u0131ndayd\u0131: “Hakikat iyi bir k\u00f6pektir; ama hatan\u0131n eteklerine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede yak\u0131n yerde havlamamas\u0131na dikkat edin; aksi halde beyniniz ak\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/em> Ama Francis Bacon’un vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 so\u00adnu\u00e7 \u015fu oldu: “Hakikat, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r; otoritenin de\u011fil.”<\/em> Peki, bu s\u00f6zlerin \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye’ye ili\u015fkin olarak “\u015fiddetsizlik” modern kavramla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n mukayeseli bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in \u015fiddetsizli\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, k\u00f6kleri Anadolu \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131na uzanan bilin\u00e7 sistemlerine dayan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakan biri, bu yakla\u00ad\u015f\u0131m\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmez il\u00e2h\u00ee irade olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Kur’\u00e2n’\u0131n ebed\u00ee hikmet\u00adlerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ancak yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, G\u00fclen i\u00e7in \u0130sl\u00e2m’dan ilham\u0131n\u0131 alma, ‘tamamlan\u0131p \u015fekillenmi\u015f’ bir e\u011fitim olmaktan \u00e7ok, s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fme halinde olan bir ilham alma faaliyetidir. G\u00fclen, Gazeteciler ve Yazarlar Vakf\u0131’n\u0131n onursal ba\u015f\u00adkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmesinin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, dinler aras\u0131 diya\u00adloga ve s\u00fcrekli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe de\u011fer vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131n; Gene Sharp’\u0131n sivil itaatsizlik<\/em> taktikleri ve teori\u00adleri ya da Brian Martin’in geri tepme<\/em> teknikleri konusundaki \u00e7a\u00adl\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi \u015fiddetsizlik teorisine alternatif yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, \u00f6z\u00fcnde deneme yan\u0131lma y\u00f6ntemine dayan\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, uygulaya\u00adrak \u00f6\u011frenmeyi i\u00e7erir. Sharp, \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015fiddete dayanmayan do\u011fru\u00addan manev\u00ee eylem s\u00fcrecinden \u00e7ok siyasal s\u00fcrecin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ola\u00adrak kullan\u0131labilecek teknikler niteli\u011finde olan 198 metot saymak\u00adtad\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Protesto ve iknay\u0131,<\/em><\/li>\n
  2. Sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal i\u015fbirli\u011finden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131,<\/em><\/li>\n
  3. \u015eiddetten uzak m\u00fcdahaleyi<\/em> i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Brian Martin’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da direni\u015fi k\u0131rmada devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn dinamiklerinin ve belli \u015fiddetsizlik taktiklerinin Gene Sharp’\u0131n tekniklerini, otoritenin bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n “geri tepmesi”ni sa\u011flayarak zay\u0131f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yapma yetisine sahip bir siyasal jiujitsu bi\u00e7imi olarak nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Bunun anlam\u0131, Martin’le k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, G\u00fclen’in \u015fiddetsizli\u011fe ili\u015fkin \u00f6\u011fretilerinin kemikle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu mudur? Hay\u0131r, aksi\u00adne G\u00fclen bilimsel ilerlemeye a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal sorumluluk bilincinde olmalar\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, bilim ve dinin birbirini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindedir.<\/p>\n

    Bunun anlam\u0131, farkl\u0131 \u015fiddetsizlik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin uygulamada birbirini beslemesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olabilece\u011fidir. B\u00f6yle bir sonuca varmak kadercilik midir? Cevap yine olumsuzdur. Zira G\u00fclen’in \u00f6\u011fretilerinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc e\u011fitimin \u00f6nemine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu olu\u015fturur. Onun teknolojik yenilikler konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri e\u011fiticidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fclen, yeni teknolojik geli\u015fmeleri kabullenen toplumun \u00f6nemini vurgular.<\/p>\n

    Bu y\u00fczden pratikte ve din\u00ee ilkelerde \u015fiddetsizli\u011fin farkl\u0131 para\u00addigmalar\u0131n\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkisi hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir sonuca va\u00adr\u0131lmak istendi\u011finde m\u00fctevaz\u0131 olmak gerekir. Bu alandaki yazar\u00adlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, \u015fu ya da bu yol ya da her iki yol hakk\u0131nda k\u0131smen cahil olduklar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu makalenin yazar\u0131 da bu kural\u0131n istisnas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Fethullah G\u00fclen’in eser\u00adleri hakk\u0131nda kabaca bir bilgiye sahip oldu\u011fum gibi Gandi veya Sharp gibi \u00f6nde gelen \u015fiddetsizlik teorisyenlerini de yeterince ta\u00adn\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemem.<\/p>\n

    Yine de mukayese yapman\u0131n faydas\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. Bat\u0131l\u0131 sesler \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131, tehlikeli bir bi\u00e7imde, \u015fiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131, adalete orta\u00e7a\u011f bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan ve d\u00fcnya politikalar\u0131na ter\u00f6rist\u00e7e yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 besleyen geri\u00adci bir sistem olarak kli\u015fele\u015ftirdi. G\u00fclen, bu kli\u015felerin bilincindedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu ba\u011flamda; T\u00fcrkiye’deki ve d\u00fcnyadaki manev\u00ee geli\u015fime y\u00f6nelik olarak, temel \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee de\u011ferlerin \u015fiddetten uzak \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131\u00adna dayal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rmeli\u00adyiz. Ancak Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015fiddet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f eylemcileri ve teorisyenlerinden de \u00f6\u011frenilebilecek do\u011fru dersler vard\u0131r ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin haki\u00adkati de payla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu m\u00fctevaz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce i\u00e7inde; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u015fiddetsizlik ve bar\u0131\u015f k\u00fcl\u00adt\u00fcrlerinin k\u0131sa analizi, Fethullah G\u00fclen’in baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretileri ile mu\u00adkayese edilecektir. Konferanstaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bizim, \u015fiddetsizli\u011fe dayal\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bir fark olu\u015fturmada kar\u015f\u0131\u00adla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 benzerlikler, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 daha iyi anlamam\u0131\u00adza katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n

    <\/i>\n\t\t\t G\u00fclen, Tasavvuftaki saf\u00e2<\/em><\/strong> kavram\u0131 ile insan kalbinin onu kir\u00adleten her \u015feyden; k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, nefret, intikam duygusu ve ku\u015fku\u00addan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde durur. Onun bu kirletenlere kar\u015f\u0131 Kur’\u00e2n’dan s\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc panzehir; merhamet, ho\u015f\u00adg\u00f6r\u00fc ve m\u00fcsamahad\u0131r. Gayrim\u00fcslim ulema, G\u00fclen’in felsefesi\u00adni, farkl\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kuran yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak g\u00f6r\u00admeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilhama dayal\u0131 bir felsefedir ve uygulama\u00adl\u0131 e\u011fitim, sevgi, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere sayg\u0131 bu felsefenin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur. \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n

    Bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan G\u00fclen Hareketi bar\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015fa daya\u00adl\u0131 uygulamal\u0131 bir k\u00fcresel ekip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat paradoksal bir bi\u00e7imde, T\u00fcrkiye’de en yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde tan\u0131nan ve en yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u00ad\u015f\u0131lan harekettir. G\u00fclen’e izafe edilen okullarda gen\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik \u00f6rnek bir ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve pratik e\u011fitim sunulmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n or\u00addunun i\u00e7inde, T\u00fcrkiye’nin l\u00e2ik kimli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik tehdit olarak al\u00adg\u0131lamalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee harekete kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvensiz\u00adlik duyan gruplar vard\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki Fethullah G\u00fclen’in kendisi hareketin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde veya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ekonomik, siyasi ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 elde etme amac\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k dile getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Zaman<\/em> gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan bir m\u00fclakat\u0131nda, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k yo\u00adluyla insanl\u0131\u011fa hizmet etme manev\u00ee ilkesini tekrarlar:<\/p>\n

    Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi \u015fimdi de b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi partilere e\u015fit mesafedeyiz. Yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya sultan\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hediye olarak verilse, onu hakir g\u00f6rerek reddetmeye kararl\u0131y\u0131m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bunu y\u00fczeysel bir de\u011fer olarak g\u00f6rebilsek de alg\u0131lamalar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ger\u00e7eklerle ayn\u0131 derecede ve hatta bazen daha da \u00f6nemli\u00addir. \u0130\u015fte \u015fiddetsizlik konusundaki farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z ara\u00ads\u0131ndaki kay\u0131p halka da muhtemelen budur. Gelece\u011fin siyasal so\u00adrunlar\u0131ndan el \u00e7ekip bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen manev\u00ee hareke\u00adte y\u00f6nelmek gerekli olsa bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fclen’de ifadesini bulan bu felsefe, ter\u00f6rizmin kabul edile\u00admezli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamada bir an bile duraksamaz. Ona g\u00f6re ter\u00f6rizm, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fclen’in ilme dayal\u0131 Kur’\u00e2n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re hi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ter\u00f6rist, hi\u00e7bir ter\u00f6rist de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ola\u00admaz.<\/em><\/strong> Bat\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcfessirler \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumu konusunda, ne zaman, ne\u00adrede ve nas\u0131l olursa olsun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m’da kesin olarak yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu gibi su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemenin mant\u0131kl\u0131 sonucunun ebed\u00ee cehennem oldu\u011fu sonucunu \u00e7\u0131karabilme a\u00e7\u0131\u00ads\u0131ndan G\u00fclen kadar uzman de\u011fildir. Tefsire ili\u015fkin bu gibi tart\u0131\u015f\u00admalar \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumu i\u00e7inde de yap\u0131labilmeli, insanl\u0131k aleyhine i\u015f\u00adledikleri su\u00e7lara din\u00ee gerek\u00e7eler arayanlara, t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle kar\u015f\u0131 koyan ilmen yetkin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sesler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131d\u0131r. “Isl\u00e2m ter\u00f6r\u00fcn hi\u00e7bir \u00e7e\u015fidini onaylamaz.”<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu konuda hi\u00e7bir belirsizlik yoktur. Ama yine de ihtiyatl\u0131 dav\u00adranmak gerekir. Mutlak anlamda gerekli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, din\u00ee konularda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirleme iste\u011finin olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir; an\u00adcak yeterli de\u011fildir. \u00c7alkant\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde yeni toplumlar in\u015fa edenlerin, onlar\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmek veya yok etmek isteyenlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile istikametlerini korumak i\u00e7in, \u015fiddetsizlik eylemi\u00adnin dinamiklerini daha iyi anlamas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dcmidim, bu konfe\u00adransa kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n, \u015fiddetsizli\u011fin geli\u015fimine farkl\u0131 ama birbirini tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn, ge\u00e7meye de\u00ad\u011fer bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc oldu\u011fu kanaatine varabilmesidir.<\/p>\n

    Dr. Steve Wright<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Nil Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (Konferanslar Serisi – 3) \u201c\u015eiddetsiz Aksiyon\u201d adl\u0131 kitaptan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\ntweet<\/a>