MUKADDI\u0307ME<\/p>\n
(I\u0307KI\u0307 MAKA\u0302LEYI\u0307 HA\u0302VI\u0302DI\u0307R) MAKA\u0302LE-I\u0307 U\u0302LA\u0302<\/p>\n
I\u0307lm-i f\u0131kh\u0131n tarif ve taksimi beyan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MADDE 1. I\u0307lm-i f\u0131kh mesa\u0302il-i s\u0327er\u2019iyye-i ameliyyeyi bilmekdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesa\u0302il-i f\u0131khiyye ya emr-i a\u0302hirete teallu\u0302k eder ki ahka\u0302m-\u0131 iba\u0302da\u0302td\u0131r veya\u0302hud emr-i du\u0308nya\u0302ya teallu\u0302k eder ki mu\u0308na\u0302keha\u0302t ve mua\u0302mela\u0302t ve uku\u0302ba\u0302t k\u0131smlar\u0131na taksi\u0302m olunur. S\u0327o\u0308yle ki Cena\u0302b-\u0131 Hakk, bu niza\u0302m-\u0131 a\u0302lemin vakt-i mukaddere dek beka\u0302s\u0131n\u0131 ira\u0302de edib, bu ise nev\u2019-i insa\u0302n\u0131n beka\u0302s\u0131na ve nev\u2019in beka\u0302s\u0131 tena\u0302su\u0308l ve teva\u0302lu\u0308d ic\u0327u\u0308n zu\u0308ku\u0302r ve ina\u0302s\u0131n izdiva\u0302c\u0131na menu\u0302tdur. Ve bir de nev\u2019in beka\u0302s\u0131 es\u0327ha\u0302s\u0131n adem-i ink\u0131ta\u0302\u2019\u0131ylad\u0131r. I\u0307nsa\u0302n ise i\u2019tida\u0302l-i mi\u2019za\u0302c\u0131 hasebiyle beka\u0302da g\u0131da\u0302 ve liba\u0302s ve meskence umu\u0302r-\u0131 s\u0131na\u0302\u2019iyyeye muhta\u0302c olur. Bu dahi efra\u0302d\u0131 beyninde te\u2019a\u0302vu\u0308n ve is\u0327tira\u0302k husu\u0302lu\u0308ne tevakkuf eder. Elha\u0302s\u0131l insa\u0302n medeniyyu\u0308\u2019t-tab\u2019 oldug\u0306undan, sa\u0302ir hayva\u0302na\u0302t gibi mu\u0308nferiden yas\u0327amay\u0131b, bast-\u0131 bisa\u0302t-\u0131 medeniyyet ile yekdig\u0306ere mu\u2019a\u0302venet ve mu\u0308s\u0327a\u0302rekete muhta\u0302cd\u0131r. Ha\u0302lbuki her s\u0327ahs, kendu\u0308ye mu\u0308la\u0302yim olan s\u0327eyi taleb ve mu\u0308za\u0302him olan s\u0327eye gaza\u0302b eder oldug\u0306undan, beynlerinde adl u\u0308 niza\u0302m\u0131n halelden mahfu\u0302z kalmas\u0131 ic\u0327in, gerek izdiva\u0302c ve gerek ma\u0302-bihi\u2019t-temeddu\u0308n olan te\u2019a\u0302vu\u0308n ve is\u0327tira\u0302k husu\u0302slar\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m kava\u0302ni\u0302n-i mu\u0308eyyide-i s\u0327er\u2019iyyeye muhta\u0302c olur ki evvelkisi f\u0131kh\u0131n mu\u0308na\u0302keha\u0302t k\u0131sm\u0131 ve ikincisi mua\u0302mela\u0302t k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r ve emr-i temeddu\u0308nu\u0308n bu minva\u0302l u\u0308zre pa\u0302yida\u0302r olmas\u0131 ic\u0327in ahka\u0302m-\u0131 ceza\u0302 terti\u0302bi la\u0302z\u0131m gelib, bu dahi f\u0131kh\u0131n uku\u0302ba\u0302t k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n I\u0307s\u0327bu mua\u0302mela\u0302t k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u0302ru\u0308\u2019l-vuku\u2019 olan mesa\u0302ili, ku\u0308tu\u0308b-i mu\u2019tebereden cem\u2019 ile kita\u0302blara ve kita\u0302blar ba\u0302blara ve ba\u0302blar fasllara taksi\u0302m olunmak u\u0308zere bu Mecelle\u2019nin te\u2019li\u0302fine ibtida\u0302r olunmus\u0327dur. I\u0307s\u0327te meha\u0302kimde ma\u2019mu\u0302lu\u0308n bih olacak mesa\u0302il-i fer\u2019iyye bervech-i a\u0302ti ebva\u0302b ve fusu\u0302lde zikrolunacak mesa\u0302ildir. Ancak muhakk\u0131ki\u0302n-i fukaha\u0302, mesail- i f\u0131kh\u0131yyeyi bir tak\u0131m kava\u0302id-i ku\u0308lliyyeye irca\u0302 etmis\u0327lerdir ki her biri nice mesa\u0302ili muhi\u0302t ve mu\u0308s\u0327temil olarak ku\u0308tu\u0308b-i f\u0131khiyyede mu\u0308sellema\u0302tdan olmak u\u0308zre bu mesa\u0302ilin isba\u0302t\u0131 ic\u0327in deli\u0302l ittiha\u0302z olunur. Ve evvel-i emde bu kava\u0302idin tefehhu\u0308mu\u0308 mesa\u0302ile istina\u0302s ha\u0302s\u0131l eder ve mesa\u0302ilin zihnlerde tekarru\u0308ru\u0308ne vesi\u0302le olur. Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik, doksan dokuz ka\u0302ide-i f\u0131khiyye cem\u2019 ile maksu\u0302da s\u0327u\u0308ru\u0302\u2019dan mukaddem, bervech-i a\u0302ti maka\u0302le-i sa\u0302niye olmak u\u0308zere i\u0302ra\u0302d olunur ve eg\u0306erc\u0327i bunlardan ba\u2019z\u0131s\u0131 mu\u0308nferiden ahzolundukda ba\u2019z\u0131 mu\u0308stesneya\u0302t\u0131 bulunur ise de, yekdig\u0306erini tahsi\u0302s ve takyi\u0302d etdiklerinden, min-hays-il-mecmu\u0302\u2019 ku\u0308lliyyet ve umu\u0302miyyetlerine halel gelmez.<\/em><\/p>\n MAKA\u0302LE-I\u0307 SA\u0302NI\u0307YE<\/p>\n Kavaid-i F\u0131khiyye Beyan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 2. Bir is\u0327den maksad ne ise, hu\u0308km a\u0302na go\u0308redir.<\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 bir is\u0327 u\u0308zerine terettu\u0308b edecek hu\u0308km, ol is\u0327ten maksad ne ise ona go\u0308re olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 3. Uku\u0302dda i\u2019tiba\u0302r maka\u0302s\u0131d ve mea\u0302niyedir; elfa\u0302z ve meba\u0302niye deg\u0306ildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik bey\u2019 bi\u2019l-vefa\u0302da rehn hu\u0308kmu\u0308 cereya\u0302n eder.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 4. S\u0327ek ile yaki\u0302n za\u0302il olmaz.<\/p>\n MADDE 5. Bir s\u0327eyin bulundug\u0306u ha\u0302l u\u0308zre kalmas\u0131 asld\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 6. Kadi\u0302m k\u0131demi u\u0308zre terkolunur.<\/p>\n MADDE 7. Zarar kadim olmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 8. Bera\u0302et-i zimmet asld\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik bir kimse birinin ma\u0302l\u0131n\u0131 telef edib de, mikda\u0302r\u0131nda ihtila\u0302f etseler, so\u0308z mu\u0308tlifin olub, ma\u0302l sa\u0302hibi iddia\u0302 etdig\u0306i ziya\u0302deyi isba\u0302ta muhta\u0302c olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 9. S\u0131fat-\u0131 a\u0302rizada asl olan ademdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 s\u0327irket-i muda\u0302rebede ka\u0302r olup olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda ihtila\u0302f olunsa, ademi asl oldug\u0306una bina\u0302en, so\u0308z mu\u0308da\u0302ribin olub, sa\u0302hib-i serma\u0302ye ka\u0302r oldug\u0306unu isba\u0302ta muhta\u0302c olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 10. Bir zema\u0302nda sa\u0302bit olan s\u0327eyin, hila\u0302f\u0131na delil olmad\u0131kca, beka\u0302s\u0131yla hu\u0308kmolunur.<\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik, bir zema\u0302nda bir s\u0327ey bir kimsenin mu\u0308lku\u0308 oldug\u0306u sa\u0302bit olsa, mu\u0308lkiyeti iza\u0302le eden bir ha\u0302l olmad\u0131kca, mu\u0308lkiyetin beka\u0302s\u0131yla hu\u0308kmolunur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 11. Bir emr-i ha\u0302disin akreb-i evka\u0302t\u0131na iza\u0302feti as\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 ha\u0302dis olan bir is\u0327in sebeb ve zema\u0302n-\u0131 vuku\u2019unda ihtila\u0302f olunsa, zema\u0302n-\u0131 bai\u0302de nisbeti isba\u0302t olunmad\u0131kca, ha\u0302le akreb olan zema\u0302na nisbet olunur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 12. Kela\u0302mda asl olan ma\u2019na\u0302-y\u0131 hakiki\u0302dir.<\/p>\n MADDE 13. Tasri\u0302h muka\u0302belesinde dela\u0302lete i\u2019tiba\u0302r yokdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 14. Mevrid-i nassda ictiha\u0302da mesa\u0302g\u0306 yokdur.<\/p>\n MADDE 15. Ala\u0302-hila\u0302fi\u2019l-k\u0131ya\u0302s sa\u0302bit olan s\u0327ey, sa\u0302ire maki\u0302su\u0308n-aleyh olmaz. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 16. I\u0307ctiha\u0302d ile ictiha\u0302d nakzolunmaz.<\/p>\n MADDE 17. Mes\u0327akkat teysi\u0302ri celbeder.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 suu\u0302bet sebeb-i teysi\u0302r olur ve darl\u0131k vaktinde vu\u0308s\u2019at go\u0308sterilmek la\u0302z\u0131m gelir. Karz ve hava\u0302le ve hacr gibi pek c\u0327ok ahka\u0302m-\u0131 f\u0131khiyye bu asla mu\u0308teferri\u2019dir ve fukaha\u0302n\u0131n ahka\u0302m-\u0131 s\u0327er\u2019iyyede go\u0308sterdikleri ruhas ve tahfi\u0302fa\u0302t hep bu ka\u0302ideden istihra\u0302c olunmus\u0327dur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 18. Bir is\u0327 z\u0131yk oldukda mu\u0308ttesi\u2019 olur.<\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 bir is\u0327de mes\u0327akkat go\u0308ru\u0308lu\u0308nce ruhsat ve vu\u0308s\u2019at go\u0308sterilir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 19. Zarar ve muka\u0302bele bi\u2019z-zarar yokdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 20. Zarar iza\u0302le olunur.<\/p>\n MADDE 21. Zaru\u0302retler memnu\u0302\u2019 olan s\u0327eyleri mu\u0308ba\u0302h k\u0131lar. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 22. Zaru\u0302retler kendi mikdarlar\u0131nca takdi\u0302r olunur.<\/p>\n MADDE 23. Bir o\u0308zr ic\u0327in ca\u0302iz olan s\u0327ey, ol o\u0308zru\u0308n zeva\u0302liyle ba\u0302t\u0131l olur. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 24. Ma\u0302ni za\u0302il oldukda memnu\u2019 avdet eder.<\/p>\n MADDE 25. Bir zarar kendi misliyle iza\u0302le olunamaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 26. Zarar-\u0131 a\u0302mm\u0131 def\u2019 ic\u0327in zarar-\u0131 ha\u0302s ihtiya\u0302r olunur.<\/p>\n Tabi\u0302b-i ca\u0302hili men\u2019 etmek bu asldan teferru\u2019 eder.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 27. Zarar-\u0131 es\u0327edd zarar-\u0131 ehaff ile iza\u0302le olunur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 28. I\u0307ki fesa\u0302d tea\u0302ruz etdikde, ehaffi irtika\u0302b ile, a\u2019za\u0302m\u0131n\u0131n c\u0327a\u0302resine bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n MADDE 29. Ehven-i s\u0327erreyn ihtiya\u0302r olunur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 30. Def\u2019-i mefa\u0302sid celb-i mena\u0302fi\u2019den evla\u0302d\u0131r.<\/p>\n MADDE 31. Zarar bi-kaderi\u2019l-imka\u0302n def\u2019 olunur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 32. Ha\u0302cet umu\u0302mi\u0302 olsun, husu\u0302si\u0302 olsun, zaru\u0302ret menzilesine tenzi\u0302l olunur.<\/p>\n Bey\u2019 bi\u2019l-vefa\u0302n\u0131n tecvi\u0302zi bu kabildendir, ki Buha\u0302ra\u0302 aha\u0302lisinde borc\u0327 tekessu\u0308r etdikde, go\u0308ru\u0308len ihtiya\u0302c u\u0308zerine bu mua\u0302mele meriyyu\u0308\u2019l-icra\u0302 olmus\u0327dur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 33. Izt\u0131ra\u0302r gayr\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 ibta\u0302l etmez.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik bir adam ac\u0327 kal\u0131b da, birinin ekmeg\u0306ini yese, ba\u2019dehu k\u0131ymetini vermesi la\u0302z\u0131m gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 34. Almas\u0131 memnu\u0302\u2019 olan s\u0327eyin, vermesi dahi memnu\u0302\u2019 olur.<\/p>\n MADDE 35. I\u0307s\u0327lenmesi memnu\u0302\u2019 olan s\u0327eyin, istenmesi dahi memnu\u0302\u2019 olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 36. A\u0302det muhakkemdir.<\/p>\n Yani hu\u0308km-i s\u0327er\u2019i\u0302yi isbat ic\u0327in o\u0308rf ve a\u0302det hakem k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r; gerek a\u0302mm olsun ve gerek ha\u0302s olsun.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 37. Na\u0302s\u0131n isti\u2019ma\u0302li bir hu\u0308ccetdir ki a\u0302n\u0131nla amel va\u0302cib olur. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 38. A\u0302deten mu\u0308mteni\u2019 olan s\u0327ey haki\u0302katen mu\u0308mteni\u2019 gibidir.<\/p>\n MADDE 39. Ezma\u0302n\u0131n tegayyu\u0308ru\u0308 ile ahka\u0302m\u0131n tegayyu\u0308ru\u0308 inka\u0302r olunamaz. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 40. A\u0302detin dela\u0302letiyle ma\u2019na\u0302-y\u0131 haki\u0302ki\u0302 terk olunur.<\/p>\n MADDE 41. A\u0302det ancak muttarid yahut ga\u0302lib oldukda mu\u2019teber olur. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 42. I\u0307\u2019tiba\u0302r ga\u0302lib-i s\u0327a\u0302yi\u2019ad\u0131r, na\u0302dire deg\u0306ildir.<\/p>\n MADDE 43. O\u0308rfen ma\u2019ru\u0302f olan s\u0327ey, s\u0327art k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131s\u0327 gibidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 44. Beyne\u2019t-tu\u0308cca\u0302r ma\u2019ru\u0302f olan s\u0327ey, beynlerinde mes\u0327ru\u0302t gibidir.<\/p>\n MADDE 45. O\u0308rf ile ta\u2019yi\u0302n, nass ile ta\u2019yi\u0302n gibidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 46. Ma\u0302ni\u2019 ve muktazi tea\u0302ruz etdikde ma\u0302ni\u2019 takdi\u0302m olunur.<\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik bir adam borc\u0327lusu yedinde merhu\u0302n olan ma\u0302l\u0131n\u0131 a\u0302hara satamaz.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 47. Vu\u0308cu\u0302dda bir s\u0327eye ta\u0302bi\u2019 olan, hu\u0308kmde dahi ona ta\u0302bi\u2019 olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bina\u0302en ala\u0302 za\u0302lik bir gebe hayvan sat\u0131ld\u0131kda, karn\u0131ndaki yavrusu dahi tebe\u2019an sat\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327 olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 48. Ta\u0302bi\u2019 olan s\u0327eye ayr\u0131ca hu\u0308ku\u0308m verilemez.<\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 bir hayvan\u0131n karn\u0131ndaki yavrusu ayr\u0131ca sat\u0131lamaz.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 49. Bir s\u0327eye ma\u0302lik olan kimse ol s\u0327eyin zaru\u0302riyya\u0302t\u0131ndan olan s\u0327eye dahi ma\u0302lik olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 bir ha\u0302neyi sat\u0131n alan kimse ona mu\u0302s\u0131l olan tari\u0302ka dahi ma\u0302lik olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 50. As\u0131l sa\u0302k\u0131t oldukda fer\u2019 dahi sa\u0302k\u0131t olur.<\/p>\n MADDE 51. Sa\u0302k\u0131t olan s\u0327ey avdet etmez.<\/strong><\/p>\n Yani giden geri gelmez.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 52. Bir s\u0327ey ba\u0302t\u0131l oldukda onun z\u0131mn\u0131ndaki s\u0327ey dahi ba\u0302t\u0131l olur.<\/p>\n MADDE 53. Asl\u0131n i\u0302fa\u0302s\u0131 ka\u0302bil olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 halde bedeli i\u0302fa\u0302 olunur. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 54. Bizza\u0302t tecvi\u0302z olunmayan s\u0327ey bi\u2019t-teba\u2019 tecvi\u0302z olunabilir.<\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 mu\u0308s\u0327teri, mebi\u0302\u2019i kabz ic\u0327in ba\u0302yi\u2019i tevki\u0302l etse ca\u0302iz olmaz. Amma is\u0327tira\u0302 eyledig\u0306i zahi\u0302reyi o\u0308lc\u0327u\u0308b koymak ic\u0327in ba\u0302yi\u2019a c\u0327uval\u0131 verib, o dahi zahi\u0302reyi c\u0327uvala vaz\u2019 edicek, z\u0131mnen ve tebe\u2019an kabz bulunur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 55. I\u0307btida\u0302en tecvi\u0302z olunmayan s\u0327ey, beka\u0302en tecvi\u0302z olunabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 hisse-i s\u0327a\u0302yiay\u0131 hibe etmek sahi\u0302h deg\u0306ildir. Amma bir ma\u0302l-\u0131 mevhu\u0302bun bir hisse-i s\u0327a\u0302yias\u0131na bir mu\u0308steh\u0131k c\u0327\u0131k\u0131b da zabtetse, hibe ba\u0302t\u0131l olmay\u0131b, hisse-i ba\u0302kiye mevhu\u0302bun lehin ma\u0302l\u0131 olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 56. Beka\u0302 ibtida\u0302dan esheldir.<\/p>\n MADDE 57. Teberru\u0302\u2019 ancak kabz ile tema\u0302m olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 bir adam birine bir s\u0327ey hibe etse, kable\u2019l-kabz hibe tema\u0302m olmaz. <\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 58. Raiyye, yani teb\u2019a u\u0308zerine tasarruf maslahata menu\u0302tdur.<\/p>\n MADDE 59. Vela\u0302yet-i ha\u0302ssa, vela\u0302yet-i a\u0302mmeden akva\u0302d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302, mu\u0308tevelli\u0302-i vakf\u0131n vela\u0302yeti, ka\u0302d\u0131n\u0131n vela\u0302yetinden akva\u0302d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 60. Kela\u0302m\u0131n i\u2019ma\u0302li ihma\u0302linden evla\u0302d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 bir kela\u0302m\u0131n bir ma\u2019na\u0302ya hamli mu\u0308mkin oldukca ihma\u0302l, ya\u2019ni\u0302 ma\u2019na\u0302s\u0131z i\u2019tiba\u0302r olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 61. Ma\u2019na\u0302-y\u0131 hakiki\u0302 mu\u0308teazzir oldukda meca\u0302za gidilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 62. Bir kela\u0302m\u0131n i\u2019ma\u0302li mu\u0308mkin olmaz ise ihma\u0302l olunur.<\/p>\n Yani bir kela\u0302m\u0131n haki\u0302ki\u0302 ve meca\u0302zi\u0302 bir ma\u2019na\u0302ya hamli mu\u0308mkin olmaz ise o ha\u0302lde mu\u0308hmel, ya\u2019ni\u0302 ma\u2019na\u0302s\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 63. Mu\u0308tecezzi olmayan bir s\u0327eyin ba\u2019d\u0131n\u0131 zikretmek ku\u0308llu\u0308nu\u0308 zikr gibidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 64. Mutlak \u0131tla\u0302k\u0131 u\u0308zere ca\u0302ri olur. Eg\u0306er nassen ya\u0302hud dela\u0302leten takyi\u0302d deli\u0302li bulunmaz ise.<\/p>\n MADDE 65. Ha\u0302z\u0131rdaki vasf lag\u0306v ve ga\u0302ibdeki vasf mu\u2019teberdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302, ba\u0302yi\u2019 meclis-i bey\u2019de ha\u0302z\u0131r olan bir k\u0131r at\u0131 satacak oldug\u0306u ha\u0302lde \u201cS\u0327u yag\u0306\u0131z at\u0131 s\u0327u kadar bin kurus\u0327a satd\u0131m\u201d dese, i\u0302ca\u0302b\u0131 mu\u2019teber olub, yag\u0306\u0131z ta\u2019bi\u0302ri lag\u0306v olur. Amma\u0302 meyda\u0302nda olmayan bir k\u0131r at\u0131, yag\u0306\u0131z deyu satsa, vasf mu\u2019teber olmakla bey\u2019 mu\u0308n\u2019akid olmaz.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 66. Su\u0308\u2019a\u0302l ceva\u0302bda ia\u0302de olunmus\u0327 addolunur.<\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 tasdi\u0302k olunan bir su\u0308\u2019a\u0302lde ne denilmis\u0327 ise, muci\u0302b onu so\u0308ylemis\u0327 hu\u0308kmu\u0308ndedir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 67. Sa\u0302kite bir so\u0308z isna\u0302d olunmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n La\u0302kin ma\u2019ra\u0302z-\u0131 ha\u0302cette su\u0308ku\u0302t beya\u0302nd\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 68. Bir s\u0327eyin umu\u0302r-\u0131 ba\u0302t\u0131nada deli\u0302li, ol s\u0327eyin maka\u0302m\u0131na ka\u0302im olur.<\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 haki\u0302katine \u0131tt\u0131la\u0302 mu\u0308teassir olan umu\u0302r-\u0131 ba\u0302t\u0131nada deli\u0302l-i za\u0302hiresi ile hu\u0308km olunur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 69. Mu\u0308ka\u0302tebe muha\u0302taba gibidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 70. Dilsizin is\u0327a\u0302ret-i ma\u2019hu\u0302desi lisa\u0302n ile beya\u0302n gibidir.<\/p>\n MADDE 71. Tercu\u0308ma\u0302n\u0131n kavli her husu\u0302sda kabu\u0302l olunur. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 72. Hata\u0302s\u0131 za\u0302hir olan zanna i\u2019tiba\u0302r yokdur.<\/p>\n MADDE 73. Senede mu\u0308stenid olan ihtima\u0302l ile hu\u0308ccet yokdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 bir kimse veresesinden birine s\u0327u kadar kurus\u0327 borcu oldug\u0306unu ikrar ettig\u0306i takdirde, eg\u0306er maraz-\u0131 mevtinde ise, dig\u0306er verese tasdik etmedikc\u0327e bu ikrar\u0131 hu\u0308ccet deg\u0306ildir. Zira dig\u0306er vereseden mal kac\u0327\u0131rmak ihtimali maraz-\u0131 mevte mu\u0308steniddir. Amma ha\u0302l-i s\u0131hhatde ise ikrar\u0131 muteber olur ve ol halde olan ihtimal mu\u0308cerred bir nev\u2019i tevehhu\u0308m oldug\u0306undan ikrar\u0131n hu\u0308cciyyetine ma\u0302ni olmaz.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 74. Tevehhu\u0308me i\u2019tiba\u0302r yokdur.<\/p>\n MADDE 75. Bu\u0308rha\u0302n ile sa\u0302bit olan s\u0327ey, \u0131ya\u0302nen sa\u0302bit gibidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 76. Beyyine mu\u0308ddei\u0302 ic\u0327in ve yemin mu\u0308nkir u\u0308zerinedir.<\/p>\n MADDE 77. Beyyine hila\u0302f-\u0131 za\u0302hiri isba\u0302t ic\u0327in ve yemin asl\u0131 ibka\u0302 ic\u0327indir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 78. Beyyine hu\u0308ccet-i mu\u0308teaddiye ve ikra\u0302r hu\u0308ccet-i ka\u0302s\u0131rad\u0131r.<\/p>\n MADDE 79. Kis\u0327i ikra\u0302r\u0131yla mua\u0302heze olunur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 80. Tena\u0302kuz ile hu\u0308ccet kalmaz, la\u0302kin mu\u0308tena\u0302k\u0131z\u0131n aleyhine olan hu\u0308kme halel gelmez.<\/p>\n Mesela\u0302, s\u0327a\u0302hidler s\u0327aha\u0302detlerinden ru\u0308cu\u2019 ile tena\u0302kuz etdiklerinde s\u0327aha\u0302detleri hu\u0308ccet olmaz. La\u0302kin evvelki s\u0327aha\u0302detleri u\u0308zerine ka\u0302d\u0131 hu\u0308kmetmis\u0327 ise bu hu\u0308km dahi bozulmay\u0131b, mahku\u0302mu\u0308n bihi s\u0327a\u0302hidlerin tazmi\u0302n etmesi la\u0302z\u0131m gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 81. Asl sa\u0302bit olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ha\u0302lde fer\u2019in sa\u0302bit oldug\u0306u va\u0302riddir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 bir kimse filan\u0131n filana s\u0327u kadar kurus\u0327 deyni vard\u0131r, ben dahi ona kefi\u0302lim dese ve asi\u0302lin inka\u0302r\u0131 u\u0308zerine da\u0302yin iddia\u0302 etse, mebla\u0302g\u0306-\u0131 mezbu\u0302ru kefi\u0302lin vermesi la\u0302z\u0131m gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 82. S\u0327art\u0131n su\u0308bu\u0302tu \u0131ndinde ona muallak olan s\u0327eyin su\u0308bu\u0302tu la\u0302z\u0131m olur.<\/p>\n MADDE 83. Bi-kaderi\u2019l-imka\u0302n s\u0327arta mu\u0308ra\u0302at olunmak la\u0302z\u0131m gelir.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 84. Va\u2019dler su\u0302ret-i ta\u2019li\u0302ki iktisa\u0302 ile la\u0302z\u0131m olur.<\/p>\n Mesela\u0302 \u201csen bu mal\u0131 filan adama sat eg\u0306er akc\u0327esini vermez ise ben veririm\u201d dese ve mal\u0131 alan akc\u0327eyi vermese bu va\u2019di eden kimsenin akc\u0327eyi vermesi la\u0302z\u0131m gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 85. Bir s\u0327eyin nef\u2019i dama\u0302n\u0131 muka\u0302belesindedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 bir s\u0327ey telef oldug\u0306u takdirde hasar\u0131 kime a\u0302id ise onun dama\u0302n\u0131nda demek olub, ol kimsenin bu vechile dama\u0302n\u0131 ol s\u0327ey ile intifa\u0302\u2019a muka\u0302bil olur. Mesela\u0302 h\u0131yar-\u0131 ayb ile reddolunan bir hayvan\u0131 mu\u0308s\u0327teri kullanm\u0131s\u0327 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ba\u0302yi\u2019 u\u0308cret alamaz. Zi\u0302ra\u0302 kable\u2019r-red telef olayd\u0131 hasar\u0131 mu\u0308s\u0327teriye a\u0302id olacakd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 86. U\u0308cret ile dama\u0302n mu\u0308ctemi\u2019 olmaz.<\/p>\n MADDE 87. Mazarrat menfeat muka\u0302belesindedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u2019ni\u0302 bir s\u0327eyin menfeatine na\u0302il olan, onun mazarrat\u0131na mu\u0308tehammil olur.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 88. Ku\u0308lfet ni\u2019mete ve ni\u2019met ku\u0308lfete go\u0308redir.<\/p>\n MADDE 89. Bir fiilin hu\u0308kmu\u0308 fa\u0302iline muza\u0302f k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r ve mu\u0308cbir olmad\u0131kca a\u0302mirine muza\u0302f k\u0131l\u0131nmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 90. Mu\u0308ba\u0302s\u0327ir, ya\u2019ni\u0302 bizza\u0302t fa\u0302il ile, mu\u0308tesebbib mu\u0308ctemi\u2019 oldukda, hu\u0308km ol fa\u0302ile muza\u0302f k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mesela\u0302, birinin tari\u0302k-\u0131 a\u0302mda kazm\u0131s\u0327 oldug\u0306u kuyuya dig\u0306eri birinin hayvan\u0131n\u0131 ilka\u0302 ile itla\u0302f etse o za\u0302min olup kuyuyu hafr eden kimseye dama\u0302n la\u0302z\u0131m gelmez.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 91. Ceva\u0302z-\u0131 s\u0327er\u2019i\u0302 dama\u0302na mu\u0308na\u0302fi olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mesela\u0302, bir adam\u0131n kendi mu\u0308lku\u0308nde kazm\u0131s\u0327 oldug\u0306u kuyuya birinin hayvan\u0131 du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308p telef olsa dama\u0302n la\u0302z\u0131m gelmez.<\/em><\/p>\n MADDE 92. Mu\u0308ba\u0302s\u0327ir mu\u0308teammid olmasa da za\u0302min olur.<\/p>\n MADDE 93. Mu\u0308tesebbib mu\u0308teammid olmad\u0131kca za\u0302min olmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 94. Hayva\u0302na\u0302t\u0131n kendilig\u0306inden olarak cina\u0302yet ve mazarrat\u0131 hederdir.<\/p>\n MADDE 95. Gayr\u0131n mu\u0308lku\u0308nde tasarrufla emretmek ba\u0302t\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 96. Bir kimsenin mu\u0308lku\u0308nde onun izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n a\u0302her bir kimsenin tasarruf etmesi ca\u0302iz deg\u0306ildir.<\/p>\n MADDE 97. Bila\u0302-sebeb-i mes\u0327ru birinin ma\u0302l\u0131n\u0131 bir kimsenin ahz eylemesi ca\u0302iz olmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 98. Bir s\u0327eyde sebeb-i temellu\u0308ku\u0308n tebeddu\u0308lu\u0308, ol s\u0327eyin tebeddu\u0308lu\u0308 maka\u0302m\u0131na ka\u0302imdir.<\/p>\n MADDE 99. Kim ki bir s\u0327eyi vaktinden evvel isti’ca\u0302l eyler ise mahru\u0302miyetiyle mu’a\u0302teb olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 100. Her kim ki kendi taraf\u0131ndan tema\u0302m olan s\u0327eyi nakzetmeye sa\u2019y ederse, sa\u2019yi merdu\u0302ddur.<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. Ekrem Bug\u0306ra Ekinci Mecelle\u2019n\u0131\u0307n Ku\u0308ll\u0131\u0302 Ka\u0302Iideler\u0131\u0307 (I\u0307sla\u0302m Hukuku\u2019nun Umumi\u0302 Prensipleri)<\/p>\n[Ahmed Cevdet Pas\u0327a ve Mecelle kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.]\ntweet<\/a>