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{"id":2199,"date":"2014-12-16T13:01:01","date_gmt":"2014-12-16T13:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2199"},"modified":"2015-08-29T19:34:13","modified_gmt":"2015-08-29T19:34:13","slug":"fethullah-gulen-aydin-ulema-ali-bulac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/fethullah-gulen-aydin-ulema-ali-bulac\/","title":{"rendered":"Fethullah G\u00fclen: Ayd\u0131n-Ulema \u2013 Ali Bula\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"\u0130<\/span>slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n modern tarihe d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131 ve bu tarih i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k zorlu bir tecr\u00fcbeden sonra bug\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yeni say\u0131labilecek bir “ayd\u0131n-ulema” profiline do\u011fru gidildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ernest Gellner ve \u015eerif Mardin, “y\u00fcksek \u0130sl\u00e2m” ve “halk \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yaparak modern M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Bu kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rma yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira asl\u0131nda \u0130slam toplumu tarihsel ve entelekt\u00fcel olarak “havass ve avam” olmak \u00fczere iki ana gruba ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, \u0130slam toplumunda inan\u00e7 ayn\u0131d\u0131r, se\u00e7kinlerin veya okumu\u015flarla, \u00fcmmi halk kitlelerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131 temelde farkl\u0131la\u015fmaz. Farkl\u0131la\u015fan dil, anlat\u0131m ve s\u00f6ylem d\u00fczeyleridir. Ancak nas\u0131l Divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en se\u00e7kin ismi Baki ile halk \u015fairi Karacao\u011flan veya Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi ile Yunus Emre aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7lar s\u00f6z konusu de\u011filse, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n “havass’\u0131 ile avam’\u0131” aras\u0131nda da iman, amel, d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f ve hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131yla ilgili temel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar yoktur. \u015eu halde e\u011fer s\u00f6z, anlat\u0131m ve s\u00f6ylem fark\u0131 esas al\u0131nacak bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lacaksa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n okumu\u015f kesimlerine “kitabi \u0130slam”, okumam\u0131\u015f kesimlerine “\u00fcmmi \u0130sl\u00e2m” demek daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. \u015eu var ki, “\u00fcmmi” demek b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn cahil demek de\u011fildir. \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumu “\u00fcmmi”, ama “arif\u201d insanlarla doludur.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel \u00f6nderlik do\u011frudan kitabi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 referans alan ulemada veya \u00fcmmi \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n \u00e7ok itibar etti\u011fi m\u00fcr\u015fid’te toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Modernlikle birlikte ve modern devletlerin deste\u011finde “ulema ve m\u00fcr\u015fid\u201din yerini merkezi iktidar se\u00e7kinleriyle organik i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olan “ayd\u0131n” ald\u0131. Ancak \u015fimdi ikisinin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan yeni bir \u00f6nderlik profilinin do\u011fu\u015funa \u015fahit olmaktay\u0131z: “ulema-ayd\u0131n”.<\/p>\n

Formel e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7memi\u015f bulunan, ancak modern e\u011fitime b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verip okul sistemini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131na yayan Fethullah G\u00fclen Hocaefendi bu “ulema-ayd\u0131n” tipinin en belirgin temsilcilerinden biridir.<\/strong> 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Pakistan’da Ebu’l A’la Mevdudi bunun ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi say\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten Mevdudi, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00e2limlerin yan\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n da etkin bir rol oynamak \u00fczere kamusal alana \u00e7\u0131kan ve Pakistan’\u0131n fikr\u00ee ve politik hayat\u0131nda derin etkisi olan ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fahsiyettir. Rahmetli Seyyid \u00a0Kutup’u da baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle bu kategoride ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ancak bu iki zatla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve belki biraz daha \u00f6ncesinden T\u00fcrkiye’de Bedi\u00fczzaman Said Nurs\u00ee “cenaheyn” kavram\u0131yla bu yeni \u00f6nderlik profiline i\u015faret etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n, Ayd\u0131nlanma felsefesinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr, referanslar\u0131n\u0131, Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n temel varsay\u0131mlardan, bu arada a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak rasyonalizmden ve insan\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131n olan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden al\u0131r. Ayd\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ister. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ayd\u0131n\u0131n kendisi “yarat\u0131c\u0131” bir zek\u00e2ya sahip de\u011fildir, yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler geli\u015ftiremez, bu y\u00fczden tutucudur ve konumu gere\u011fi entelekt\u00fcel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde se\u00e7kin zihinler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri topluma aktarmaya ve benimsetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden toplumla, halk\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve tarihiyle ba\u015f\u0131 derttedir ve do\u011fal olarak son tahlilde tercihini devletten, politik toplumdan yana koyar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yazarlar, ayd\u0131na bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 itiraz edip kendilerinin b\u00f6yle bir kategoride ele al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan ho\u015flanmazlar. Ama ulema gelene\u011finden de gelmiyorlar en az\u0131ndan iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir; k\u00f6kenleri m\u00fchendis, iktisat\u00e7\u0131, hukuk\u00e7u, sosyolog, edebiyat\u00e7\u0131, gazeteci, t\u0131p vb. \u015feylerdir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlere vukufiyetleri yeterli de\u011fildir. Kur’an ve s\u00fcnnet\u2018ten kolayca bir referans getiremezler, f\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fcn\u00fc hemen hemen hi\u00e7 bilmezler; \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihini dolduran kelam, felsefe, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve tasavvufla ilgili bilgileri ders kitaplar\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan bilgilerden fazla say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t Cenaheyn (iki kanat)” kavram\u0131nda hem \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, ilimler hem Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilgi ve e\u011fitim bir arada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte bu \u00e7ok az ki\u015fiden biri, belki de \u00f6nde geleni, Fethullah G\u00fclen Hocaefendi’dir. \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n

Fethullah G\u00fclen Hocaefendi’nin birka\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r: \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlere vuk\u00fbfiyeti, s\u00f6zgelimi hadis’te rical ilmindeki derinli\u011fi, geni\u015f usul bilgisi ve irfani y\u00f6n\u00fc. Bunlar neredeyse ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131rlar. “Kalbin Z\u00fcmr\u00fct Tepeleri”<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tasavvuf ve irfan gelene\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir eserdir.<\/p>\n

Herhangi bir konuyu ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geleneksel usule uygun olarak \u00f6nce bir Kur’an ayetine, sonra bir peygamber hadisine dayand\u0131r\u0131r. Bununla yetinmez ayetin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hadisin senet ve metin kriti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferini de verir, sonra kendi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar. Fethullah Hoca’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yan\u0131 geleneksel usul\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131, geleneksel tefsir, hadis ve f\u0131k\u0131h usul\u00fcn\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak modern \u00e7ok say\u0131da meseleyi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirmesidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fethullah Hocaefendi, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlerden kolayca referanslar vermesi, belli bir us\u00fbl bilgisine sahip olmas\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ilim ve sanat miras\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantajd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc usul koruyucu \u00e7er\u00e7evedir. Son zamanlarda ter\u00f6r eylemlerine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n profiline bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, bunlar\u0131n esasl\u0131 bir \u0130sl\u00e2mi e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7mediklerini, \u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131na fetva verirken usul takip etmediklerini, yal\u0131nkat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini, genellikle \u00fcniversitede okurken Marksist veya milliyet\u00e7i ideolojileri b\u0131rak\u0131p \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee hareketlere kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak m\u00fchendis, avukat, doktor, \u00f6\u011fretmen vb. mesleklere sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131nda Fethullah Hoca bir aksiyon adam\u0131 ve toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6nc\u00fcd\u00fcr de. T\u00fcrkiye’de sosyoloji yapacak herhangi bir ki\u015fi Fethullah G\u00fclen ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6rmezlikten gelip sosyoloji yapamaz. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi okullar ve d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki e\u011fitim faaliyetiyle belki de T\u00fcrkiye’nin k\u00fcresel s\u00fcrece ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek katk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ufuk Kitap, \u201cK\u00fcresel Bar\u0131\u015fa Katk\u0131lar\u0131yla G\u00fclen Hareketi\u201d adl\u0131 kitaptan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\ntweet<\/a>