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{"id":2371,"date":"2015-01-26T09:58:39","date_gmt":"2015-01-26T09:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2371"},"modified":"2015-01-26T09:58:39","modified_gmt":"2015-01-26T09:58:39","slug":"turkiyedeki-islami-liderler-arasinda-f-gulenin-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/turkiyedeki-islami-liderler-arasinda-f-gulenin-yeri\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u0130slami Liderler Aras\u0131nda F. G\u00fclen’in Yeri"},"content":{"rendered":"T<\/span>\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u0130slami liderlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130slami gen\u00e7lik taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle izlendi\u011fi, kendi konumlar\u0131 takip\u00e7ilerinin ve okuyucular\u0131n\u0131n profilini bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u0131saca portrelerini \u00e7izmek gerekiyor.. G\u00fclen cemaatinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fclen’in konumu ve kimli\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015ftir. Hatta bu cemaatin \u00fcyelerinin, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130slami gruplar\u0131n mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi karizmatik liderini en mimetik olarak alg\u0131layan grup oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. G\u00fclen cemaatin tek ve do\u011fal lideridir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr \u0130slami liderden s\u00f6z edilebilir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birincisi “ulema gelene\u011finden gelen toplumsal se\u00e7kindir. Bunlar Arap\u00e7ay\u0131 konu\u015fur, f\u0131kh\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u0130slami ilimleri bilirler; Kuran’a, S\u00fcnnet’e, Hadis’e ve dinin di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131na h\u00e2kimdirler. Ancak bu \u00c2limler sadece geleneksel \u0130slami bilgiyi halka aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Formasyonlar\u0131 hem tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131 hem de kal\u0131p\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r; i\u015flevleri geleneksel \u0130slam’\u0131n mevcut statik \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza etmektir. Bir din olarak \u0130slam’\u0131 yorumlamazlar.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan 1980’lerden sonra yeni bir \u0130slami ayd\u0131nlar grubu olu\u015ftu. Bunlar medrese sisteminden de\u011fil sek\u00fcler e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinden gelen entelekt\u00fcellerdir. Sadece Kuran ve Hadis temelli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131rlar; Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilgiye h\u00e2kimdirler ve Karl Popper, Ivan Illich, E. F. Schumacher gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere referansla kendilerini ifade etmektedirler. Bu yeni entelekt\u00fceller yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \u00e2lim tipinden tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Sek\u00fcler yazarlarla ve hatta solcu ayd\u0131nlarla ayn\u0131 dili kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kategorinin pek temsilcisi bulunmuyor. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fc ulema ve entellekt\u00fcel kimliklerin aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmek ya da bunlar\u0131 di\u011fer iki tipten ay\u0131ran \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri saptamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Fethullah G\u00fclen i\u015fte bu s\u0131n\u0131fta ele al\u0131nabilir. G\u00fclen geleneksel e\u011fitim sisteminden gelse de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f ar\u0131 bilgiyi aktarmak de\u011fil, \u0130slam’\u0131 toplumsal bir din olarak yorumlamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen, kendi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in zaman zaman Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na g\u00f6ndermeler yap\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda Immanuel Kant\u2019 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n teorik ak\u0131lla de\u011fil pratik ak\u0131lla bilinebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, bazen de Toynbee’ye g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yor. Kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131na Bat\u0131 sanat ve edebiyat\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011feler al\u0131yor: iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcy\u00fc simgelemek i\u00e7in Goethe\u2019nin Faust ve Mephisto\u2019sunu kullan\u0131yor; 1971 askeri m\u00fcdahalesinin ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumu Victor Hugo’nun klasi\u011fi Sefiller\u2019in kahraman\u0131 Jean Val Jean’\u0131n durumuyla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiriyor. Tarihsel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi somut bir bi\u00e7imde anlatmak i\u00e7in me\u015fhur Amerikan filmi Benhur’a at\u0131f yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir TV program\u0131nda devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililerince imzalanan MGK’n\u0131n “\u015eubat Kararlar\u0131\u2019” (1997) hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi soruldu\u011funda ise bu durumu Jean Jacques Rousseau’nun Toplumsal S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne benzetiyor. Ayn\u0131 programda Rousseau\u2019nun “sivil din\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsediyor. Yine devlet yetkililerinin Abraham Lincoln \u2019\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hataya d\u00fc\u015fmemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0 Bernard Shaw ve Alman Prensi Bismarck\u2019\u0131n Hz. Muhammed hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6vg\u00fclerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Bir r\u00f6portajda Dostoyevski’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn eserlerini ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok klasik roman\u0131 okudu\u011funu, Mozart ve Picasso’nun soyutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sevdi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleri geleneksel \u00e2lim tipine pek uymamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar geleneksel bir e\u011fitim sisteminde yeti\u015fmi\u015f olsa da \u00f6zel bir dini dirili\u015f formasyonu uygular. Bat\u0131 ile ilgili s\u00f6ylemi olduk\u00e7a esnektir. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan emperyalist s\u00f6yleme kar\u015f\u0131 bir tav\u0131r ve Bat\u0131’n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir ele\u015ftiri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir, ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn meseleyi tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerine indirgedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek zordur. Tanr\u0131 ve masiva kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndaki iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc, samimiyet, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, iman ve sanat gibi de\u011ferler evrensel ba\u011flamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ra\u011fmen G\u00fclen\u2019in genel profili \u00e2lim tipine entelekt\u00fcel fig\u00fcrden daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce G\u00fclen \u0130slami bir cemaatin manevi lideridir. Hareketin mensuplar\u0131 \u0130slam’la ilgili herhangi bir m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendisine dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130kincisi, \u0130slam literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e2lim Kuran ve Hadis ilmine h\u00e2kimdir ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bu kaynaklara dayanarak me\u015fru k\u0131lar. Ba\u015fta s\u00f6ylediklerim onu geleneksel \u00e2lim tipinden ay\u0131rsa da bu fakt\u00f6rler onu \u00e2lim s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G<\/strong>\u00fclen’in Derin Kimlik Profili: Mistik \u00d6zellikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda G\u00fclen’in dindarl\u0131k portresi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dinden anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi kimli\u011fine soyut bir anlay\u0131\u015f olarak yans\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a ruhani bir tarz s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130slami s\u00f6yleminde Kuran’\u0131n \u015fer’i yorumuna de\u011fil batini (i\u00e7sel) yorumuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermektedir. Hukuk, Kuran’da yaln\u0131zca iki defa ge\u00e7erken, iman\u0131n gerekleri ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 dinamiklerinin say\u0131s\u0131z yerde an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahseder. \u0130nsan\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019ya kullu\u011funun i\u00e7sel y\u00f6n\u00fc hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kalbin Z\u00fcmr\u00fct Tepeleri<\/strong> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yatmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de \u0130stanbul’un \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck camiinde (Sultanahmet, S\u00fcleymaniye ve Fatih), 1989 ve 1990’da verdi\u011fi vaazlar boyunca metafizik \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu bize “do\u011fulu bir mistik\u201d<\/strong> kimli\u011fini \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. G\u00fclen bu vaazlar\u0131nda batini bir dil kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuran dili olan Arap\u00e7a’daki ileri bilgisi ve Fars\u00e7a kelime zenginli\u011fi, dilin gramatik d\u00fczenini bozmadan, dinleyicilerin yeni simge d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat tan\u0131r. \u015eiirsel anlat\u0131m\u0131n zenginli\u011fi hayat\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u015eerif Mardin, Said Nursi’nin “mitsel-\u015fiirsel b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme ile yo\u011frulan bir leh\u00e7e\u201d kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahseder (Mardin, 1989); benzer bir ifade g\u00fcc\u00fcyle G\u00fclen de gerek yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda gerekse konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda toplumsal\u0131 \u00fcreten etkinlik ad\u0131na dinleyicilerini esoterik bir dille motive eder.<\/p>\n

Tasavvufi s\u00f6ylemin y\u00fckseklerde bir yerde ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor olan ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 idealize edilerek ya\u015fan\u0131r hale gelemeyen durumundan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 duymaktad\u0131r ki, sufi idealin, geleneksel kurumlar durumu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n geni\u015f perspektifte ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 arzulamaktad\u0131r. Dini yakla\u015f\u0131mda Tanr\u0131 ile tam bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k hedeflenir. Dervi\u015f tavr\u0131 i\u00e7inde bedenin arzu ve \u015fehvetleri \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilir. \u2018\u2019D\u00fcnyevi tutkular ve bireysellik kutsal\u0131n derin okyanusunda g\u00f6zden kaybolur.<\/p>\n

Ancak G\u00fclen\u2019in \u2018\u2019mistik profil\u2019\u2019i zahitin d\u00fcnyadan elini ete\u011fini \u00e7ekti\u011fi bir durum yaratm\u0131yor. \u0130slami s\u00f6ylem kutsal huzurun tepelerinden bir anda d\u00fcnyaya inebiliyor. Bu kolay ge\u00e7i\u015fin sebebi kutsal ile d\u00fcnyevi aras\u0131nda radikal bir ayr\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesidir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 G\u00fclen\u2019in asetik kimli\u011fi Weber terminolojisi ile ele al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n

Max Weber d\u00fcnyevi ve uhrevi mistisizm aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyevi asetik i\u00e7in bireyin b\u00fct\u00fcn bir toplumsal alanda temel tasar\u0131m\u0131 kalbini d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7madan ve d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011flanmadan ama gene de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yo\u011fun etkinlikleri ya\u015famakt\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m G\u00fclen’in konumunu tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. “Uhrevi mistisizm tamamen anti-sosyaldir ama d\u00fcnyevi mistisizm bu d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren dini kayg\u0131lar\u0131n en u\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131, yani rasyonel ve dini bir ideal imaj\u0131n\u0131 simgeler.” G\u00fclen\u2019in dini, ak\u0131lla da anla\u015f\u0131labilecek bir sistem olarak ortaya koymas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kolayca kat\u0131lman\u0131n toplumsal zeminini yarat\u0131yor. Weber’in analizine e\u015fy\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak bu cemaatin toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi sadece toplumsal-\u00f6tesi bir dinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

“D\u00fcnya ve Biz” genel ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda G\u00fclen, “Sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hakikatin merkezinde, sol aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ise yetmi\u015f iki milletin i\u00e7inde d\u00f6n\u00fcyor,” diyor ve ekliyor: “D\u00fcnya ile ili\u015fkimiz temsil etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z elmas de\u011ferindeki hakikatleri di\u011fer insanlara da hat\u0131rlatmaktan ibarettir.”<\/strong> Burada \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlenen yol ne d\u00fcnyadan el etek \u00e7ekmek ne de soyut bir hakikat \u00e2lemine girmektir. G\u00fclen d\u00fcnyevi i\u015flerin i\u00e7ine dalmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcyor ama Weber’in tabiriyle “ne d\u00fcnya ad\u0131na ne de d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in”. Etkinlikler kamusal alan\u0131n kurumsal boyutunu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek sek\u00fcler ve \u00f6zellikle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetlere y\u00f6neliyor.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Nil\u00fcfer G\u00f6le “\u0130slam\u0131n Yeni Kamusal Y\u00fczleri” adl\u0131 kitaptan yazar:U\u011fur K\u00f6me\u00e7o\u011flu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u0130slami liderlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, konu\u015fma ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130slami gen\u00e7lik taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle izlendi\u011fi, kendi konumlar\u0131 takip\u00e7ilerinin ve okuyucular\u0131n\u0131n profilini bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u0131saca portrelerini \u00e7izmek gerekiyor.. G\u00fclen cemaatinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fclen’in konumu ve kimli\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015ftir. Hatta bu cemaatin \u00fcyelerinin, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130slami gruplar\u0131n mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi karizmatik liderini en mimetik olarak alg\u0131layan grup oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,122],"tags":[23,478,492,490,132,287,491,489,468,493],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2371"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2374,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2371\/revisions\/2374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}