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{"id":2498,"date":"2015-02-11T14:03:28","date_gmt":"2015-02-11T14:03:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2498"},"modified":"2015-02-11T14:03:28","modified_gmt":"2015-02-11T14:03:28","slug":"bir-akide-manifestosu-olarak-ebu-hanifenin-vasiyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/bir-akide-manifestosu-olarak-ebu-hanifenin-vasiyeti\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Akide Manifestosu Olarak Ebu Hanife’nin Vasiyeti\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"V<\/span>asiyet, bir \u0130slam gelene\u011fidir. \u0130nsanlara istikamet \u00fczere nas\u0131l ya\u015fan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren Peygamberler, d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlarken geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131na \u201cm\u00fcstakim\u201d olarak kalmay\u0131 vasiyet ettiler. Onlar, sadece vasiyet etmekle kalmad\u0131lar, vasiyetin kabul g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in de yo\u011fun gayret sarf ettiler. Nitekim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u201cM\u00fcstakim\u201d olarak ya\u015famay\u0131 vasiyet eden Yakub\u2019un (a.s.), son s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cBenden sonra kime ibadet edeceksiniz?\u201d<\/strong>[1] c\u00fcmlesi olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Allah Resul\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (s.a.s.) ahir \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinde irat ettikleri \u201cVeda Hutbesi\u201d<\/strong> de b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmmetine hitap eden genel bir vasiyettir. Efendimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) \u201cVeda Hutbesi\u201dnde yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k risalet hayat\u0131nda vaz\u2019 edilen esaslar\u0131 \u00f6z bir \u015fekilde ve son defa telkin ettiler.<\/p>\n

Sahabe ve Tabiun devri \u00e2limleri de vasiyet gelene\u011fine uydular. Dar-\u0131 Beka\u2019ya hicret ederlerken talebelerine \u201cMustakim\u201d kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlediler. Selef-i salihinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan vasiyetler i\u00e7erisinde en dikkat \u00e7ekenleri ise Ebu Hanife\u2019ye (r.a.) ait olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130mam-\u0131 Azam\u2019\u0131n (r.a.) bir\u00e7ok vasiyeti vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fahsa \u00f6zeldir, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da b\u00fct\u00fcn talebelerine hitap etmektedir. \u00d6zel vasiyetlerinin en me\u015fhurlar\u0131 O\u011flu Hammad\u2019a[2], Ebu Yusuf\u2019a[3] ve Yusuf b. Halid es-Semti\u2019ye[4] hitaben kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu metinler her ne kadar \u015fahsa \u00f6zel olsalar da, bir evlad\u0131n\/\u00f6\u011frencinin hayata bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u015fyay\u0131 alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imini m\u00fc\u015fahhas bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ortaya koymakta ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanca ya\u015faman\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla \u00f6zel formatta olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen genele hitap etmektedirler. Ebu Hanife\u2019nin (r.a.) b\u00fct\u00fcn talebelerine hitaben kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cvasiyet\u201di ise bir akide manifestosudur. \u201cVasiyet\u201d, Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet\u2019in dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ament\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k ifadelerle insanlar\u0131n zihnine ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Z\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n, bidat\u00e7ilerin etkin oldu\u011fu hicri ikinci asr\u0131n Irak\u2019\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Ebu Hanife (r.a.) herkese hitap eden vasiyetini Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet akidesine hasrederek m\u00fchim bir vazife ifa etti. Sonraki y\u0131llarda gelen Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet \u00e2limleri, bu vasiyetteki esaslar\u0131 farkl\u0131 formatlarda yeniden telif ettiler. \u00d6z itibariyle \u201c\u015eerhu\u2019l-Mevakif\u201d, \u201c\u015eerhu\u2019l-Makas\u0131d\u201d gibi hacimli kelam yap\u0131tlar\u0131 \u201cSem’iyyat\u201d bahislerini bu vasiyetteki ilkeler \u00fczerine kurdular.<\/p>\n

Modern zaman M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ile hacimli kelam kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ciddi engeller oldu\u011fu bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r; Zira g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130slami \u0130limler \u00f6\u011frencilerinin mevcut birikimleriyle o eserlerin dillerini \u00e7\u00f6zmeleri, i\u00e7eriklerine vak\u0131f olmalar\u0131 hayli zor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. \u00dcmmetle, irfan aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc olacak insanlar ciddi bir bilgi zafiyeti i\u00e7erisindedirler. Fakat bu durum hakikatin bilinmemesinin mazereti olamaz. Selefin irfan\u0131n\u0131 ilim meclislerine ta\u015f\u0131ma ad\u0131na bir \u015feyler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ebu Hanife\u2019nin (r.a.) vasiyetini dilimize aktarmak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu bir \u015feyler c\u00fcmlesinin m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir halkas\u0131 olabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vasiyet, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131 i\u00e7in de hayati bir \u00f6nemi haizdir.<\/p>\n

Zira g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131, Ebu Hanife\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki Irak\u2019\u0131n ideolojik yap\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ok benzemektedir. Tek bir farkla ki Mutezile, Cebriye, Kaderiye, M\u00fcrcie[5] gibi mezhepler gitmi\u015f, onlar\u0131n yerlerini tarihselcilik, mezhep m\u00fcnkirli\u011fi, yeni selefilik gibi ak\u0131mlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezk\u00fcr anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tezvirat\u0131 \u00f6ylesine etkin bir konuma ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00fcmmetin akidesi ciddi tehlike ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Art\u0131k insanlar klasik akide risalelerini de\u011fil, \u201c\u0130slam ve \u00c7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 metinleri yani \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Vas\u0131l b. Ata\u2019lar\u0131 okuyorlar. B\u00f6yle bir zamanda \u201cEhl-i S\u00fcnnet Akidesi\u201dni bilmek, ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi eserlerin de Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet Akidesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu idrak etmek anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Bu y\u00fczden Ebu Hanife\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015f\u00f6hret i\u00e7erisinde me\u00e7hul\u00fc ya\u015fayan \u201cVasiyeti\u201dni notlarla terc\u00fcme etmeyi vazife kabul ettik. Terc\u00fcmede esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z n\u00fcsha Tak\u0131yyuddin et-Temimi\u2019nin \u201cet-Tabakatu\u2019s-Seniyye fi Teracimi\u2019l-Hanefiyye\u201d<\/strong>[6] adl\u0131 eserindeki metindir.<\/p>\n

Vasiyyet\u2019in Medine Arif Hikmet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki el yazmas\u0131 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda ise Ebu Hanife\u2019ye ula\u015fan kesintisiz bir isnat zinciri yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130snatta yer alan raviler \u015funlard\u0131r: Husamedddin es-S\u0131\u011fnaki (\u00f6. 710), Haf\u0131zuddin Muhammed el-Buhari (\u00f6. 693), Muhammed b. Abdissettar el-Kerderi (\u00f6. 642), Burhaneddin el-Mer\u011finani (\u00f6. 593), Ziyauddin Muhammed b. Huseyn[7], Alauddin Muhammed es-Semerkandi, Ebu\u2019l-Muin en-Nesefi (\u00f6. 508), Ebu Tahir Muhammed el-Mehdi, \u0130shak b. Mansur es-Siyari, Ahmed b. Ali es-S\u00fcleymeni, Hatim b. Akil el-Cevheri, Muhammed b. Semaa et-Temimi (\u00f6. 236), Ebu Yusuf ( \u00f6. 183), Ebu Hanife (\u00f6. 150).[8]\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t VAS\u0130YET<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arkada\u015flar\u0131m, karde\u015flerim iyi biliniz ki Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet ve Cemaat mezhebi 12 hususiyet \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Kim bu hususiyetler do\u011frultusunda ya\u015farsa ne bidat\u00e7i ne de heva sahibi olur. Efendimiz Hz. Muhammed\u2019in (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) \u015fefaatine nail olabilmeniz i\u00e7in Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet\u2019in bu temel esaslar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flan\u0131n. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Birinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130man, dil ile ikrar ve kalp ile tasdiktir.<\/strong> Tek ba\u015f\u0131na ikrar iman kabul edilmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tek ba\u015f\u0131nda ikrar iman addedilse idi m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n tamam\u0131 m\u00fcmin olurdu. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde sadece kalbin idrak etmesi (tasdik) de iman olmaz. E\u011fer bu durum tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olsa idi, Ehl-i Kitab\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131 m\u00fcmin olurdu. H\u00e2lbuki Allah Tela dilleriyle ikrar eden m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r; \u201cAllah o m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz yalanc\u0131lar olduklar\u0131na \u015fahadet eder.\u201d<\/strong>[9] Ehl-i Kitap hakk\u0131nda ise varit olan ayet \u015f\u00f6yledir; \u201cKendilerine kitap verdiklerimiz Peygamberi o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 gibi tan\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/strong>[10] Ne var ki bunu kabullenip dilleriyle ikrar etmezler.<\/p>\n

\u0130man ne artar ne de eksilir. <\/strong>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iman\u0131n azalmas\u0131 ancak k\u00fcfr\u00fcn artmas\u0131 ile; artmas\u0131 da ancak k\u00fcfr\u00fcn azalmas\u0131 ile tasavvur edilebilir. Bu durumda, bir ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 anda m\u00fc\u2019min ve kafir olmas\u0131 nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur?!<\/p>\n

M\u00fcmin, ger\u00e7ek anlamda inanan, k\u00e2fir de hakiki manada ink\u00e2r edendir<\/strong>. \u0130manda \u015f\u00fcphe olmaz. T\u0131pk\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcrde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. Bu ba\u011flamda Cenab-\u0131 Hakk \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u0130\u015fte onlar ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fcmindirler.\u201d<\/strong>[11] ve \u201c\u0130\u015fte onlar ger\u00e7ekten kafirdirler.\u201d<\/strong>[12]\n

Efendimiz Hz. Muhammed\u2019in (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) \u00fcmmet kadrosuna dahil olan g\u00fcnahkarlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fcmindir, kafir de\u011fillerdir.<\/p>\n

Amel imandan ayr\u0131, iman da amelden farkl\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: Amel m\u00fckellefiyetinin m\u00fc’minden kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok zaman vard\u0131r. Fakat bu durumda iman\u0131n ondan gitti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Allah Teala, hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131 namaz k\u0131lmaktan muaf k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir kad\u0131n i\u00e7in Allah onun kalbinden iman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ona iman\u0131 terk etmeyi emretmi\u015ftir denemez. \u015eeriat o kad\u0131na; \u201cOrucu b\u0131rak, sonra tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcnleri kaza et\u201d der. Kad\u0131na; \u201c\u0130man\u0131 terk et, sonra kaza edersin\u201d denmesi caiz de\u011fildir.[13] \u0130man\u0131n amelden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu daha m\u00fc\u015fahhas bir \u015fekilde anlamak i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rnek verebiliriz: \u201cFakirlerin zekat vermesi gerekli de\u011fildir.\u201d denebilir. Fakat \u201cFakirlerin iman etmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir.\u201d denemez.<\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r ve \u015ferrin takdiri Allah\u2019tand\u0131r<\/strong>. E\u011fer birisi hay\u0131r ve \u015ferrin takdirinin Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu iddia ederse O\u2019nu (c.c.) ink\u00e2r etmi\u015f olur. Onun tevhit inanc\u0131 da bat\u0131l olur. Her \u015feyin en iyisini Allah Te\u00e2la bilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ameller, farz ibadet, fazilet ve masiyet olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fittirler<\/strong>. Farz ibadete gelince o, Allah\u2019\u0131n dilemesi, r\u0131zas\u0131, takdiri, yaratmas\u0131 ve \u201cLevh-i Mahfuz\u201d<\/strong>da yazmas\u0131 ile olur. Fazilet de Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n emrinden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lmaz. Fakat O\u2019nun dilemesi, muhabbeti, r\u0131zas\u0131, takdiri, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz yaratmas\u0131 ve \u201cLevh-i Mahfuz\u201dda yazmas\u0131 ile olur. Masiyet de Allah\u2019\u0131n emri gere\u011fi olmaz. Fakat muhabbeti, r\u0131zas\u0131, muvaffak k\u0131lmas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n dilemesi, kazas\u0131, takdiri, ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu, ilmi ve \u201cLevh-i Mahfuz\u201dda yazmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Teala s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z kudret makam\u0131 olan ar\u015f\u0131 bir mekana istikrar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcne ald\u0131 yani hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda tuttu<\/strong>. Hi\u00e7 bir \u015feye muhta\u00e7 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ar\u015f\u0131 ve ondan ba\u015fka \u015feyleri korur. E\u011fer kendinden ba\u015fka yarat\u0131klara muhta\u00e7 olsa idi, k\u00e2inat\u0131 yaratmaya ve idare etmeye kadir olamazd\u0131. Ona cisim isnat edenlerin iddia etti\u011fi gibi bir yere oturmaya ve yerle\u015fmeye zorunlu olsa idi, ar\u015f\u0131 yaratmadan \u00f6nce de b\u00f6yle olurdu. Allah Te\u00e2la bundan pek y\u00fcce ve m\u00fcnezzehtir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim Allah Te\u00e2la\u2019n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmayan (gayr-\u0131 mahluk) ezeli kelam\u0131, vahyi ve tedricen indirdi\u011fi Kitab\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. O, ne zat\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ne de de\u011fildir. Bilakis o, ger\u00e7ek s\u0131fat\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019an Mushaflarda yaz\u0131lan, dillerde okunan kalplerde mek\u00e2n edinmeksizin korunan kelamd\u0131r. M\u00fcrekkep, ka\u011f\u0131t ve yaz\u0131 mahluktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar kullar\u0131n filleri ile alakal\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz\u0131lar, harfler, kelimeler ve ayetler insanlar\u0131n anlamak i\u00e7in onlara ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu Kur\u2019an\u2019a delalet eden \u015feylerdir. Allah Te\u00e2la\u2019n\u0131n kelam\u0131 zat\u0131 ile kaimdir. Manas\u0131 ise, s\u00f6z konusu \u015feylerle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Kim Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131 mahl\u00fbktur derse k\u00e2fir olur<\/strong>. Allah Te\u00e2la kesintisiz b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlarda ibadet edilendir. Kelam\u0131 ise ondan ayr\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n okunan, yaz\u0131lan ve kalplerde korunand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Be\u015finci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Resul\u00fc\u2019nden (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) sonra bu \u00fcmmetin en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc Ebu Bekr-i S\u0131d\u0131k, sonra \u00d6mer, sonra Osman, sonra Ali\u2019dir (r. anhum)<\/strong>. Zira efdaliyetin s\u0131ralamas\u0131na i\u015faret eden ayette Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201c(\u0130man ve amelde) \u00f6ne ge\u00e7enler (Ahirette de) \u00f6ne ge\u00e7enlerdir. \u0130\u015fte onlar (Allah\u2019a) yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimselerdir. Onlar naim cennetlerindedir.\u201d[14]\n

Hay\u0131rda \u00f6nde olanlar Allah kat\u0131nda da en \u00fcst\u00fcn olanlard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131, m\u00fcttaki her m\u00fcmin sever; asi m\u00fcnaf\u0131klarsa onlara bu\u011fz eder.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kul, ameli, ikrar\u0131 ve tasdiki (marifeti) ile mahl\u00fbktur<\/strong>. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ameliyelerin faili mahl\u00fbk olunca onun fillerinin de evleviyetle mahl\u00fbk olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Yedinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Teala, mahlukat\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar zay\u0131f ve acizdirler. Cenab-\u0131 Hakk onlar\u0131 yaratan ve r\u0131z\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 verendir. Nitekim O \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201cAllah sizi yaratan, sonra size r\u0131z\u0131k veren, sonra sizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrecek ve daha sonra da diriltecek oland\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[15]\n

\u0130lim ve mal\u0131 helal yoldan kazanmak helal, haram yoldan temin ise haramd\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r: \u0130man\u0131nda samimi olan m\u00fcmin, k\u00fcfr\u00fcnde \u0131srarc\u0131 olan kafir ve nifak\u0131nda iki y\u00fczl\u00fc davranan m\u00fcnaf\u0131k<\/strong>. Cenab-\u0131 Hakk m\u00fcmine ameli, k\u00e2fire iman\u0131, m\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011fa ise ihlas\u0131 farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim \u201cEy insanlar! Rabbinize kar\u015f\u0131 gelmekten sak\u0131n\u0131n.\u201d<\/strong>[16] ayet-i kerimesinin her \u00fc\u00e7 grubu i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cEy iman edenler! Ameli Salih i\u015fleyerek rabbinize itaat edin.\u201d, \u201cEy K\u00e2firler! \u0130man edin.\u201d ve \u201cEy M\u00fcnaf\u0131klar! Samimi olun.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sekizinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olan fiillerde kulun aksiyon sahibi olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan g\u00fc\u00e7 yani \u201c\u0130stitaa\u201d, yap\u0131lacak olan \u201cfiil\u201d ile beraberdir.<\/strong> Ne ondan \u00f6nce ne de sonrad\u0131r. E\u011fer \u201c\u0130stitaa\u201d fiilden \u00f6nce olsa idi o takdirde kul ona muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu anda Allah\u2019tan m\u00fcsta\u011fni olurdu. Bu ise \u015fu ayete ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cAllah m\u00fcsta\u011fnidir. Sizler ise muhta\u00e7s\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/strong>[17] E\u011fer \u201c\u0130stitaa\u201d, fiilden sonra olsayd\u0131 fiil, g\u00fc\u00e7-kuvvet yokken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan muhal olurdu.<\/p>\n

Dokuzuncu Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mukimin bir g\u00fcn bir gece, yolcunun da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 gece mestler \u00fczerine mesh edebilece\u011fini kabul etmek, bu \u015fekilde rivayet edilen hadisten dolay\u0131 vaciptir<\/strong>. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fc ink\u00e2r edenin k\u00fcfr\u00fcnden korkulur. Zira ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fc bildirilen hadisler tevat\u00fcre yak\u0131n derecededir.[18]\n

Seferde namazlar\u0131 k\u0131saltmak (azimet)<\/strong>[19] ve oru\u00e7 tutmamak (ise) ruhsatt\u0131r.<\/strong> Konu ile ilgili ayeti kerimeler \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fcnde sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z vakit namaz\u0131 k\u0131saltman\u0131zdan dolay\u0131 size bir g\u00fcnah yoktur.\u201d<\/strong>[20], \u201cSizden kim hasta, ya da yolculukta olursa, tutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler say\u0131s\u0131nca ba\u015fka g\u00fcnlerde oru\u00e7 tutar.\u201d<\/strong>[21]\n

Onuncu Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Te\u00e2la kaleme yazmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015f, kalem: \u201cNe yazay\u0131m ya Rabbi!\u201d demi\u015ftir. Cenab-\u0131 Hakk: \u201cK\u0131yamete kadar olacak \u015feyleri yaz.\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur<\/strong>.[22] \u015eu ayet-i kerime de bu manay\u0131 teyit etmektedir: \u201c\u0130\u015fledikleri her \u015fey kitaplarda kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, b\u00fcy\u00fck her \u015fey sat\u0131r sat\u0131r yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[<\/strong>23]\n

Onbirinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar i\u00e7in kabir azab\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131nda en ufak bir \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur<\/strong>. M\u00fcnker ve Nekir\u2019in suali hakt\u0131r. Bu noktada hadisler vard\u0131r.[24] Cennet ve cehennem de hakt\u0131r ve ahalisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Nitekim Cenab-\u0131 Hakk m\u00fcminler hakk\u0131nda o cennet; \u201cM\u00fcttakiler i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[25], cehennem de; \u201cKafirler i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[26] buyurmaktad\u0131r. Allah Te\u00e2la cennet ve cehennemi sevap ve ceza i\u00e7in yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mizan da hakt\u0131r. Zira Cenab-\u0131 Hakk \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201cK\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in adalet terazileri kuraca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d<\/strong>[27] \u0130nsan\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 amelleri i\u00e7eren kitab\u0131 okumas\u0131 da hakt\u0131r: \u201cOku kitab\u0131n\u0131! Bu g\u00fcn hesap sorucu olarak sana nefsin yeter.\u201d<\/strong>[28]\n

Onikinci Hususiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Te\u00e2la bu canlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra m\u00fcddeti elli bin y\u0131l olan bir g\u00fcnde ceza, sevap ve haklar\u0131n edas\u0131 i\u00e7in diriltecektir.<\/strong> Nitekim O \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah kabirlerde olanlar\u0131 diriltecektir.\u201d<\/strong>[29] M\u00fcminlerin keyfiyet, benzetme ve y\u00f6n olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u2019a m\u00fclaki olmalar\u0131 hakt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015flemi\u015f olsa dahi cennet ehlinden olan her m\u00fcmin i\u00e7in Efendimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) \u015fefaat edecektir.<\/p>\n

Hz. Ai\u015fe (r.a.), Hatice-i K\u00fcbra\u2019dan sonra insanl\u0131k aleminin en \u00fcst\u00fcn kad\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00fcminlerin annesid\u0131r. <\/strong>O,<\/strong> zina iftiras\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Raf\u0131zilerin hezeyanlar\u0131ndan uzakt\u0131r. Kim Ona zina isnad\u0131nda bulunursa o zina eseridir.<\/p>\n

Cennet ahalisi Cennet\u2019te, Cehennem ehli de Cehennem\u2019de ebedi kalacakt\u0131r<\/strong>. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Cenab-\u0131 Hakk m\u00fcminler i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130man edip amel-i salih i\u015fleyenler cennetliklerdir. Onlar orada ebedi kalacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[30], kafirler i\u00e7in de \u201c\u0130nkar edenler ve ayetlerimizi yalanlayanlara gelince, i\u015fte onlar cehennemliktir. Onlar orada ebedi kalacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>[31] buyurmaktad\u0131r.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n[1] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 133.<\/p>\n[2] \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi 6461-1.<\/p>\n[3] Muvaffak b. Ahmed el-Mekki, Menakibu Ebi Hanife, Beyrut, 1981, s. 370-7.<\/p>\n[4] Mekki, a.g.e., s. 365-8.<\/p>\n[5] Ebu Hanife\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem itibariyle Irak\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve inan\u00e7 haritas\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Muhammed Ebu Zehre, Ebu Hanife, Daru\u2019l-Fikri\u2019l-Arabi, Kahire, 1997, s. 75.<\/p>\n[6] Tak\u0131yyuddin b. Abdilkadir et-Temimi, et-Tabakatu\u2019s-Seniyye fi Teracimi\u2019l-Hanefiyye, Riyad, 1983, I, s. 156-160.<\/p>\n[7] Hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Abdulhayy el-Leknevi, el-Fevaidu\u2019l-Behiyye fi Teracimi\u2019l-Hanefiyye, Beyrut, 1998, s. 273.<\/p>\n[8] Muhammed b. Abdirrahman el-Hemeyyis, Usuluddin inde\u2019l-\u0130mam Ebi Hanife, Riyad, 1996, s. 139-140.<\/p>\n[9] Kur\u2019an, M\u00fcnaf\u0131kun(63): 1.<\/p>\n[10] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 146.<\/p>\n[11] Kur\u2019an, Enfal(8): 4.<\/p>\n[12] Kur\u2019an, Nisa(4): 151.<\/p>\n[13] Ebu Hanife\u2019nin (r.a.) iman\u0131n amelden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n iman-amel ili\u015fkisiyle \u00f6rneklendirmesi tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle yaparak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hasta olduklar\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ibadet etmemelerinin sahih hadislerle sabit oldu\u011funa vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ebu Hanife\u2019nin (r.a.) vasiyetini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli husus da onun ifadelerinin hem bir beyan hem de kadim sap\u0131k f\u0131rkalar ve modernist ak\u0131mlar i\u00e7in bir reddiye niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim modernist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sahip ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131lar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zel hallerinde namaz k\u0131l\u0131p oru\u00e7 tutabileceklerini iddia etmektedirler. H\u00e2lbuki bunun aksini s\u00f6yleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis-i \u015ferif vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sahabeden de farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nde bir uygulama rivayet edilmemi\u015ftir. Efendimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) \u201cKad\u0131n hay\u0131z oldu\u011funda namaz k\u0131lmayacak, oru\u00e7 tutmayacak de\u011fil mi ya\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur. (\u0130mam M\u00fcslim\u2019in uzun bir hadis i\u00e7erisinde rivayet etti\u011fi ifade \u201cmuttefekun aleyh\u201ddir. Bkz. \u0130bn Hacer, Bulu\u011fu\u2019l-Meram, s. 45, H.no: 158; Zafer Ahmed et-Tahanevi, \u0130\u2019lau\u2019s-S\u00fcnen, Daru\u2019l-Kutubi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, Beyrut, 1997, I, 346.) Bu hadis, a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde kad\u0131n\u0131n namaz ve oru\u00e7 ibadetlerini hay\u0131z m\u00fcddetinde eda etmedi\u011fini bildirmektedir. Nitekim Hz. Muaz, Hz. Ai\u015fe\u2019ye hay\u0131zl\u0131 iken terk ettikleri namaz ve oru\u00e7tan sadece orucu kaza etmelerinin hikmetini sorunca Ai\u015fe validemiz \u201cHz. Resulullah zaman\u0131nda hay\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 fakat kendilerine namaz\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p sadece orucu kaza etmelerinin emredildi\u011fini (K\u00fcnna nu\u2019meru)\u201d s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. (Ahmed, M\u00fcsned, VI, 232; Darimi, I, 233; Buhari, I, 421; M\u00fcslim, I, 265.) Sahabe kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel hallerinden sonra namaz\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p sadece orucu kaza etmeleri, s\u00f6z konusu durumda bu ibadetleri eda etmediklerini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Fat\u0131ma binti Ebi Hubey\u015f, Efendimiz\u2019e; \u201cBen istihaze kan\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve temizlenemeyen bir kad\u0131n\u0131m, namaz\u0131 b\u0131rakay\u0131m m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu\u011funda Allah Resul\u00fc; \u201cBu ancak bir damar(dan hastal\u0131k sebebiyle gelen kan)d\u0131r. Hay\u0131z de\u011fildir. Hayz\u0131n geldi\u011finde namaz\u0131 b\u0131rak\u201d buyurdu. (Muhammed b. Ali b. Muhammed \u015eevkani, Neyl\u00fc\u2019l-Evtar, Daru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, Beyrut, 1999, I, 288.) Allah Resul\u00fc Abdurrahman b. Avf\u2019\u0131n nikah\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan Ummu Habibe\u2019ye, ve kendisinden fetva isteyen \u00dcmm-\u00fc Seleme\u2019ye hay\u0131z m\u00fcddetleri i\u00e7erisinde namaz k\u0131lmamalar\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir. (\u015eevkani, a.g.e., I, 290.)<\/p>\n[14] Kur\u2019an, Vak\u0131a(56): 10-12.<\/p>\n[15] Kur\u2019an, Rum(30): 40.<\/p>\n[16] Kur\u2019an, Nisa(4): 1.<\/p>\n[17] Kur\u2019an, Muhammed(47): 38.<\/p>\n[18] Ebu Hanife\u2019nin talebelerinden Abdullah b. M\u00fcbarek; \u201cMestler \u00fczerine mesh etmenin cevaz\u0131nda ihtilaf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirmektedir. Tabiun ulemas\u0131ndan Hasan Basri ise 70 sahabinin \u201cAllah Resul\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) mestleri \u00fczerine mesh etti\u011fini\u201d rivayet etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir. (Muhammed b. Abdillah b. Kudame, el-Mu\u011fni, Beyrut, 1994, I, 211.) Sana\u2019ni de mestler \u00fczerine mesh etmeyle alakal\u0131 hadislerin m\u00fctevatir olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. (Abdulkerim Zeydan. el-Mufassal fi Ahkami\u2019l-Mereti ve Beyti\u2019l-M\u00fcslim, Beyrut, 2000, I, 142.)<\/p>\n

Malum oldu\u011fu \u00fczere tevat\u00fcr i\u00e7in belirlenen ravi say\u0131s\u0131 ictihadidir. Bu durumda \u015fu kadar olmal\u0131d\u0131r, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 ya da fazlas\u0131 tevat\u00fcr\u00fc ihlal eder demek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. As\u0131l olan, ilk \u00fc\u00e7 tabakada (sahabi, tabii, tebe-i tabii) ravilerin yalan \u00fczere ittifak etmelerinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olu\u015fudur. Tevat\u00fcrde ravi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7tihadi bir mesele oldu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 rakamlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Vehbe Zuhayli, Usulu\u2019l-F\u0131khi\u2019l-\u0130slami, Beyrut, 1998, I, 452) Bu da, d\u00f6rtten ba\u015flar ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla, be\u015f, yedi, on, on iki,\u2026 olmak \u00fczere yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru devam eder. Fakat burada as\u0131l olan ravilerin yalan \u00fczere birle\u015fmelerinin muhal olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, tahdit edilemeyecek derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir topluluk, her hangi bir gaye ile yalan \u00fczere birle\u015filmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bir hususta rivayette bulunsa, bu toplulu\u011fun haberi m\u00fctevatir olmaz. (Ali el-Kari, \u015eerh-u \u015eerh-i Nuhbeti\u2019l-Fiker, Beyrut, ty, s. 163.) Bir haberin m\u00fctevatir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ravi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 5 dahi olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenirken mestler \u00fczerine mesh hadisini 70 sahabi rivayet etmektedir. Bu da g\u00f6stermektedir ki meselenin s\u00fcbutunda \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Manaya delaleti de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumda ortada \u201cyakini bilgi\u201d vard\u0131r. Ve onu kabul etmek \u201cZarurat-\u0131 diniye\u201dden addedilmelidir. \u0130\u015fte Ebu Hanife bunun i\u00e7in konuyu akaitle alakal\u0131 bir metnin i\u00e7erisine dahil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n[19] Hanefilere g\u00f6re seferde 4 rekatl\u0131 namazlar\u0131 2 k\u0131lmak \u201cazimet\u201dtir. B\u00fct\u00fcn Hanefi kitaplar\u0131 meseleyi bu \u015fekilde zikretmektedir.<\/p>\n[20] Kur\u2019an, Nisa(4): 101.<\/p>\n[21] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 184.<\/p>\n[22] Benzer laf\u0131zlarla rivayeti i\u00e7in bkz. Ebu Davud, es-S\u00fcnne 16; Tirmizi, Kader 16.<\/p>\n[23] Kur\u2019an, Kamer54): 52-3.<\/p>\n[24] Ebu Davud, es-S\u00fcnne 24.<\/p>\n[25] Kur\u2019an, Ali \u0130mran(3): 133.<\/p>\n[26] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 24.<\/p>\n[27] Kur\u2019an, Enbiya(): 47.<\/p>\n[28] Kur\u2019an, \u0130sra(17): 14.<\/p>\n[29] Kur\u2019am, Hac(22): 7.<\/p>\n[30] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 39.<\/p>\n[31] Kur\u2019an, Bakara(2): 39.<\/p>\n

Ahmet A\u00c7IKG\u00d6Z \u0130nki\u015faf Dergisi, Haziran 2006 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vasiyet, bir \u0130slam gelene\u011fidir. \u0130nsanlara istikamet \u00fczere nas\u0131l ya\u015fan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren Peygamberler, d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlarken geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131na \u201cm\u00fcstakim\u201d olarak kalmay\u0131 vasiyet ettiler. Onlar, sadece vasiyet etmekle kalmad\u0131lar, vasiyetin kabul g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in de yo\u011fun gayret sarf ettiler. Nitekim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u201cM\u00fcstakim\u201d olarak ya\u015famay\u0131 vasiyet eden Yakub\u2019un (a.s.), son s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cBenden sonra kime ibadet edeceksiniz?\u201d[1] c\u00fcmlesi olmu\u015ftu. Allah Resul\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (s.a.s.) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[276,649,133,14,650,528,648,644,641,306,568,642,58,411,638,647,551,645,640,639,334,646,295,643,637],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2498"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2501,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2498\/revisions\/2501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}