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{"id":2704,"date":"2015-04-05T09:53:38","date_gmt":"2015-04-05T09:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2704"},"modified":"2015-06-09T19:06:13","modified_gmt":"2015-06-09T19:06:13","slug":"hz-omerde-yenilikci-yonetim-anlayisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/hz-omerde-yenilikci-yonetim-anlayisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019de Yenilik\u00e7i Y\u00f6netim Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"H<\/span>alife \u00d6mer\u2019in yenilik\u00e7i (reformist) y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc, ilk kez kendi d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen icraatlarda g\u00f6rebilmekteyiz. Toplumda yeni bir \u015fey yap\u0131p uygulamaya koyman\u0131n zorlu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in liderlik y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan \u00f6nemli etmenlerden biri, mevcut ve gelecekte \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ihtiya\u00e7lara binaen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmesi ve bunlar\u0131 da k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede uygulamaya koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Elbette o ciddi muhalefet ve ithamlara muhatap olmu\u015f, fakat bunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmeyi de ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teravih namaz\u0131n\u0131 cemaatle k\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 valilerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman; \u201cRes\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feyi neden yap\u0131yorsun? Bu bid\u2019attir\u201d \u015feklinde a\u011f\u0131r bir su\u00e7lamaya maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bid\u2019at bir amel yapan\u0131n Cehennemde olaca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili Hz.Peygamber\u2019in s\u00f6z\u00fc vard\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in cevab\u0131, yenilik\u00e7i y\u00f6n\u00fcyle beraber ayn\u0131 zamanda onun s\u00fcnnet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koymu\u015ftur: \u201cBu bid\u2019at ise ne g\u00fczel bid\u2019attir.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in yeniliklerinin k\u0131sa bir listesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\tHZ. \u00d6MER’\u0130N YEN\u0130L\u0130KLER\u0130NDEN BAZILARI<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  • Beyt\u00fclmalin Kurulmas\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Adli Mahkemelerin Tesisi<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Hicri Takvimin Kabul\u00fc <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Emiru’l-M\u00fc’minin Unvan\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Askeri Te\u015fkilatlanma <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Askeri Maa\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Divan\u0131n Kurulmas\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Kanallar\u0131n \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • K\u00fbfe, Basra, Fustat, Musul \u015eehirlerinin Kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Yabanc\u0131 Sermayeye Giri\u015f \u0130zni <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Gece Bek\u00e7ili\u011fi Uygulamas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u015eecereli At Ayr\u0131m\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Ordug\u00e2hlar\u0131n (Askeri \u015eehir) Kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0130stihbarat\u00e7\u0131 Kullanma <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Teravih Namazlar\u0131n\u0131n Cemaatle K\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • K\u0131yas Esaslar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • \u0130\u00e7ki \u0130\u00e7ene 80 Kam\u00e7\u0131 Cezas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Misafirhane Tesisi <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Vak\u0131f Hukukunu Tesis<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Arazi Ke\u015fif ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Merkez ve Vilayetlerde Mektep Tesisi<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • G\u00fcmr\u00fck Vergisi Alma <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Fakir Zimm\u00eelere Maa\u015f Ba\u011flama<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • S\u0131n\u0131r Karakollar\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • G\u00f6zetleme Kuleleri<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • “es-Sal\u00e2tu Hayrun mine’n-Nevm” C\u00fcmlesinin Sabah Ezan\u0131na Eklenmesi\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Hicretin ond\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc senesinin Ramazan ay\u0131nda Hz. \u00d6mer, cemaate teravih namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00dcbey b. Ka\u2019b\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirdi. Bir Ramazan gecesi mescide u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde teravih namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, onlar\u0131 bir imam\u0131n arkas\u0131nda toplaman\u0131n daha faziletli olaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne vararak, bundan sonra teravih namaz\u0131n\u0131n cemaatle k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer beldelere de Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n gecelerinde teravih k\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in cemaatin toplanmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair emirname g\u00f6nderdi.\u00a0 O, erkekler ve kad\u0131nlara ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 namaz k\u0131ld\u0131racak birer imam tayin etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Hz. \u00d6mer, geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ordusunun rahat hareketini sa\u011flamak ve memleketin geni\u015f topraklar\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f muhta\u00e7 durumdaki insanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in D\u00e2ru\u2019d-Dak\u00eek (G\u0131da Deposu) veya D\u00e2ru\u2019d-Rak\u00eek (K\u00f6le Evi)\u2019i kurarak; burada un, kavut , hurma, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm ve kuru incir bulundurmu\u015f ve buradan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Takvim, bir milletin medenile\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir etmendir. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in en \u00f6nemli icraatlar\u0131ndan biri olan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kullan\u0131lan Hicri takvimin ihdas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: Bir adam\u0131n bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve vadesi \u015eaban ay\u0131 olan bir bor\u00e7 senedi Hz. \u00d6mer’in eline ge\u00e7ti. Senede bak\u0131nca vadenin \u015eaban ay\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve \u015f\u00f6yle sordu: \u201cHangi \u015eaban ay\u0131? Bu senenin mi, ge\u00e7en senenin mi yoksa gelecek senenin mi \u015eaban ay\u0131?\u201d Bundan sonra halk\u0131 toplad\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201c\u0130nsanlara \u00f6yle bir tarih belirleyin ki, b\u00f6ylece bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n vadesini bilsinler.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re baz\u0131lar\u0131, Farsl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n tahta ge\u00e7i\u015f ve tahttan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi bir tarih yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif ettiler. Buna g\u00f6re bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar vefat edince ondan sonra gelecek olan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n do\u011fum tarihi nazar\u0131 itibara al\u0131nacakt\u0131. Bunu uygun g\u00f6rmediler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da, “\u0130skender zaman\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan Rum tarihini kabul edelim.” dediler. Bunu da uygun g\u00f6rmediler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Hz. Muhammed’in do\u011fumunu, baz\u0131lar\u0131ysa bi\u2019setini dikkate alarak tarih konulmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif ettiler. Hz. Ali ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131, Hz. Peygamber’in Mekke’den Medine’ye hicretinin esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, bunun O\u2019nun do\u011fumuna ve bisetine g\u00f6re daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Hz. \u00d6mer ile Sahab\u00eeler, bunu uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Hz. \u00d6mer, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in hicretinden itibaren ba\u015flayan bir tarih sistemi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti ve y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 olarak da Muharrem ay\u0131n\u0131 belirledi.<\/p>\n

    Halifeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda misafir evleri kurdu, yolda kalanlara ait olmak \u00fczere buralara erzak sa\u011flad\u0131, un, kavut, hurma ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u015feyleri koydurttu. Mekke ve Medine aras\u0131nda yol boyunca, yolda kalanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak imkanlar sa\u011flad\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir su sebilinden di\u011ferine rahatl\u0131kla ula\u015fabilece\u011fi mesafelerde sebiller kurdu. \u015eam ile Hicaz aras\u0131nda da ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Yol boyunca ikamet edenler Hz. \u00d6mer’den Mekke ile Medine aras\u0131nda yap\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in izin istediler. O da kendilerine izin vererek \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cYolcu, su ve g\u00f6lgeye daha lay\u0131kt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Liderlik Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Halife Hz. \u00d6mer, devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6netim kadrosundakileri bir lider olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u201cimam ve \u00f6nderleri sapmad\u0131k\u00e7a insanlar istikametten ayr\u0131lmaz\u201d <\/strong>diyerek, onlar\u0131n her hal ve hareketlerinde dikkatli olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cBal\u0131k ba\u015ftan kokar\u201d<\/strong> prensibine uygun olarak, liderlerin ya\u015fant\u0131 ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00f6nettiklerinin \u015fekillenece\u011finden hareketle, onlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt gruba ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    a- Hem kendini hem de valilerini devlet mal\u0131n\u0131 yemekten engeller, bu Allah yolunda cihad eden kimse gibidir. Allah\u2019\u0131n eli ona rahmetle a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    b- Zaaf sahibidir, kendisini engeller ama valileri onun zaaf\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 oburca yerler. Bu u\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131ndad\u0131r, kurtulu\u015fu Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmetine kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    c- Valilerini engeller, fakat kendisi oburca yer. Bu Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in \u201cg\u00fcd\u00fcc\u00fclerin en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ac\u0131mas\u0131z oland\u0131r (doymak bilmeyenidir)\u201d dedi\u011fi y\u00f6neticidir. Yaln\u0131z kendisi helak olur.<\/p>\n

    d- Hem kendisi hem de valileri yemeye doymaz. Bunlar hep birlikte helak olurlar.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6mer\u2019in \u015fahsi ve siyasi hayat\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde varaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sonu\u00e7; o ve valilerinin birinci gruba d\u00e2hil olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem kendisi hem de valileri devlet mal\u0131 konusunda olduk\u00e7a hassas davranm\u0131\u015flar, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir suistimali bile kat\u0131 bir \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu konuda \u00e7o\u011fu kimsenin dikkatinden ka\u00e7abilecek veya \u00f6nemsenmeyecek bir durum i\u00e7in uyar\u0131y\u0131, azadl\u0131s\u0131 Eslem\u2019e yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, bu olay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cBir defas\u0131nda Hz. \u00d6mer, Beyt\u00fclmalin develerini benimle meraya g\u00f6nderiyordu; e\u015fyalar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7lerinden birinin \u00fczerine atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fczel bir di\u015fi deve \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren Hz. \u00d6mer \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cAnnesi \u00f6lesice! M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hazinesine gelir getiren bir deveye a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyorsun, onu yoruyorsun, i\u015fte bir ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok i\u015feyen erkek deve, i\u015fte s\u00fct\u00fc olmayan deve, bunlar ne g\u00fcne duruyor?\u201d<\/p>\n

    Ebu Musa el-E\u015f\u2019ari\u2019ye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta; iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6neticinin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ironik bir tarzda \u015f\u00f6ylece dile getirmi\u015ftir: \u201cAllah kat\u0131nda \u00e7obanlar\u0131n en mesudu, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00fctt\u00fckleri saadete eren kimsedir. \u00c7obanlar\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc ise; g\u00fctt\u00fcklerinin \u015fekavetine sebep oland\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck etmekten ve dalalete d\u00fc\u015fmekten son derece sak\u0131n. Aksi halde emrinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n da k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe dalarlar. O zaman senin Allah yan\u0131ndaki durumun, t\u0131pk\u0131 yerin ye\u015fil k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na bak\u0131p, beslenmeyi ve ya\u011flanmay\u0131 isteyen ve oradan otlayan hayvan\u0131n durumu gibi olur. Halbuki onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc semizli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Yine Basra\u2019da vali iken Ebu Musa el-E\u015f\u2019ari\u2019ye \u015fu tavsiyelerde bulunmu\u015ftu: \u201c\u0130nsanlarda y\u00f6neticilerine kar\u015f\u0131 nefret hissi vard\u0131r, sana ve bana bunun eri\u015fmesinden Allah\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn bir vaktinde cezalar\u0131 tatbik et. Sana biri ahiret di\u011feri d\u00fcnya ile ilgili iki i\u015f arzedildi\u011finde, sen ahiretle ilgili olan\u0131 tercih et, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya fani, ahiret bakidir. F\u00e2s\u0131k insanlardan kork ve dikkatli ol. Hastalar\u0131 ziyaret et, cenazelere kat\u0131l, halka kap\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla bizzat ilgilen. Sen sadece onlardan birisin, \u015fu var ki Allah seni onlar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc en a\u011f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sen ve ailenin yeme i\u00e7mede ve giyim ku\u015famda, halkta benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir g\u00f6steri\u015fe dald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z haberi bana ula\u015ft\u0131. Seni hayvanlar seviyesine d\u00fc\u015fmekten sak\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131m. Hayvanlar otlak bir vadiye dald\u0131klar\u0131nda semizlenmekten ba\u015fka kayg\u0131lar\u0131 olmaz. Y\u00f6netici e\u011fer saparsa, y\u00f6nettikleri de sapar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, halk\u0131n kendisi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6neticidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Hz. \u00d6mer, liderlik kavram\u0131na farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6ylece belirtebiliriz:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00fcslup ile liderin konumunu nas\u0131l kabul etti\u011fini, kendinden \u00f6nceki halife Ebu Bekir\u2019in \u201cben, sizin aran\u0131zda en iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m halde, sizin \u00fczerinize y\u00f6netici se\u00e7ildim\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tersine; \u201cAllah ku\u015fkusuz beni sizin i\u015flerinize ba\u015fkan yapt\u0131. Ben de sizin i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n en yararl\u0131 olan\u0131n\u0131 bildim. Allah’\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ben sadece g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kulum. Sizlerin hil\u00e2fet makam\u0131na gelmi\u015f olmam benim davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131mdan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyecek in\u015faallah. Sak\u0131n biriniz \u2018\u00d6mer halife olduktan sonra durumu de\u011fi\u015fti\u2019 demesin\u201d <\/strong>s\u00f6zleriyle somut olarak ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Ona g\u00f6re; lider olarak se\u00e7ilmek, ki\u015fiyi daha iyi bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman veya birey yapmaz, fakat ona a\u011f\u0131r bir sorumluluk y\u00fckler.<\/li>\n
    2. O, liderle halk aras\u0131nda aktif ili\u015fkiye dayanan bir y\u00f6netimi tan\u0131mlar. Liderlik vatanda\u015fa, lideri zorlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6revler y\u00fckler. \u201c\u0130yi olanlar\u0131 size en g\u00fczel \u015fekliyle yapar, k\u00f6t\u00fc olanlar\u0131 ise sizden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r\u0131m\u201d, \u201cKim g\u00fczel bir \u015fey yaparsa, ona en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veririz; kim k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yaparsa onu cezaland\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z\u201d , \u201cDo\u011fru yaparsam bana yard\u0131m edin, yanl\u0131\u015f yaparsam beni d\u00fczeltin.\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla hareket eden \u00d6mer, yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018okun ate\u015fte d\u00fczeltilmesi misali d\u00fczeltilece\u011fi\u2019 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 kendisine veren ki\u015fiye; \u201cBeni, haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda d\u00fczeltecek bir kavmin ba\u015f\u0131na getirdi\u011finden dolay\u0131 Allah\u2019a \u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun!\u201d<\/strong> \u015feklinde mukabelede bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Yap\u0131c\u0131 ele\u015ftiri hususunda insanlara serbestiyet tan\u0131yarak, kendilerini y\u00f6netenlere kar\u015f\u0131 hem ikaz hem de denetim mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Halife Hz. \u00d6mer; \u201cEn sevdi\u011fim insanlar, bana kusurlar\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenlerdir.\u201d <\/strong>\u00a0s\u00f6z\u00fcyle onlar\u0131 cesaretlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015ftirak edici ili\u015fki, \u00f6nemli neticelere g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece vatanda\u015flar sadece y\u00f6netilen de\u011fil, aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n temelinde yer alan adaleti tesis etmi\u015ftir. Bu konuda tavizsiz olu\u015funu \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle bildirmi\u015ftir: \u201cHaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan kimsenin hakk\u0131n\u0131, zorla da olsa haks\u0131zdan al\u0131r\u0131z.\u201d \u201cZay\u0131f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcden al\u0131ncaya kadar \u015fiddetim kat kat artacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 Birisiyle aras\u0131nda meydana gelen anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmesi i\u00e7in gittikleri Zeyd\u2019in, halife oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 kendisine ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131mas\u0131na olduk\u00e7a k\u0131zan Hz. \u00d6mer; \u201cZeyd, \u00d6mer\u2019le en s\u0131radan bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 bir tutmad\u0131k\u00e7a kad\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revinde bulunamaz.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 diyerek, adalet konusundaki hassasiyetini tezah\u00fcr ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
    4. Kendi otoritesini, y\u00fcksek otoriteye uygunlu\u011fuyla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cAllah ve Peygamberine uydu\u011fum s\u00fcrece bana itaat edin, e\u011fer uymazsam bana itaate mecbur de\u011filsiniz.\u201d<\/strong> Ebu Musa\u2019ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta; \u201cBen, Kur’\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n size emretti\u011fini emrediyorum. Muhammed\u2019in size yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yasakl\u0131yorum. F\u0131kha ve s\u00fcnnete t\u00e2bi olman\u0131z\u0131 emrediyorum.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 diyerek, otoritesinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
    5. Y\u00f6netici ve liderde arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli vas\u0131flar olarak; g\u00fcven ve dindarl\u0131k bariz \u015fekilde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman kendisinden sonraki halifeyi tayin etmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u0131srarl\u0131 taleplere net bir cevap vermemi\u015f, bu i\u015fi alt\u0131 ki\u015filik kurula havale etmi\u015ftir. Fakat sa\u011f olsalard\u0131 Ebu Ubeyde veya azadl\u0131 S\u00e2lim\u2019i se\u00e7ece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Hz. Muhammed, Ebu Ubeyde hakk\u0131nda \u201c\u00fcmmetimin g\u00fcvenilir adam\u0131\u201d<\/strong>, S\u00e2lim hakk\u0131nda ise \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131 en \u00e7ok seven kimse\u201d<\/strong> dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00a0Hz. \u00d6mer, onlar\u0131 teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz hilafete lay\u0131k g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/li>\n
    6. Hz. \u00d6mer, liderin veya g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcndeki insanlar\u0131n, davran\u0131\u015f ve s\u00f6zleriyle \u00f6rnek olmalar\u0131n\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f anlamaya sebebiyet verebilecek tav\u0131rlardan uzak durmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. \u0130hramda iken Talha b. Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde boyal\u0131 bir elbise g\u00f6r\u00fcp onu ikaz edince Talha; \u201cEy M\u00fcminlerin emiri, o kerpi\u00e7 boyas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00d6mer: \u201cSiz ey halk\u0131n kendilerini lider kabul edip uydu\u011fu kimseler! E\u011fer bilmeyen bir adam bu elbiseyi g\u00f6rse, muhakkak der ki; Talha b. Ubeydullah ihraml\u0131 iken boyal\u0131 elbise giyiyordu. Onun i\u00e7in ey ileri gelenler! B\u00f6yle boyal\u0131 elbise cinsinden bir \u015fey giymeyiniz.\u201d<\/strong> dedi. Yanl\u0131\u015f anlamaya m\u00fcsait davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ayn\u0131 ikaz\u0131 Huzeyfe\u2019ye de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Huzeyfe, K\u00fbfe\u2019de iken ehl-i kitaptan bir kad\u0131nla evlenince, Hz. \u00d6mer ona bir mektup yazarak kad\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f, gerek\u00e7esini de \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cSen Mecusilerin b\u00f6lgesindesin. Cahil birinin, \u201cRes\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 bir kafirle evlendi\u201d<\/strong> demesinden korkar\u0131m. O, bunun Allah\u2019tan bir ruhsat oldu\u011funu bilmez ve Mecusi kad\u0131nlarla evlenirler.\u201d<\/strong> Bunun \u00fczerine Huzeyfe kad\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. Hz. \u00d6mer, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmeyip kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d<\/strong> prensibine uygun olarak kararlar\u0131n\u0131 tesis etmi\u015ftir. Abdullah b. Mes\u2019ud\u2019un \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc bunu teyit etmektedir: \u201c\u00d6mer bizi bir yola soktu\u011funda, onun kolay oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck.\u201d <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Halife Hz. \u00d6mer, liderli\u011fi s\u00fcresince iyi bir y\u00f6netimin temelini olu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli noktalara dikkat etmi\u015ftir. Bunlar t\u00fcm liderler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez umdelerdir:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Karar i\u00e7in acele etme, s\u0131k\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tarama s\u00fcrecinden sonra karar ver. Yaralan\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6\u015fe\u011fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Ashab\u0131n kendisinden sonraki halifeyi belirlemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u0131srarl\u0131 talepleri \u00fczerine, kafas\u0131ndaki isimleri teker teker kurmaylar\u0131yla m\u00fczakere etmi\u015f, sonunda alt\u0131 ki\u015filik isti\u015fare kurulunu bu i\u015fle g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
        2. Yetenekli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kadrosu in\u015fa et ve ona dayan. Nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6netici istedi\u011fi sorusuna \u015fu cevab\u0131 vermi\u015ftir: \u201c\u00d6yle bir ki\u015fi istiyorum ki, emir se\u00e7ildi\u011finde sanki onlardan birisi gibi olsun. Emir se\u00e7ilmedi\u011fi takdirde de sanki onlar\u0131n emiri imi\u015f gibi davrans\u0131n.\u201d <\/strong><\/li>\n
        3. Akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131rma ve buna \u00f6nce ailenden ba\u015fla. O\u011fullar\u0131 Abdullah ve Ubeydullah, babalar\u0131 \u00d6mer b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devletin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir ordu ile Irak seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde Basra valisi Eb\u00fb Musa el-E\u015f’ar\u00ee’nin ganimet mallar\u0131ndan verdi\u011fi parayla ticaret yap\u0131p k\u00e2r ettiler, anaparay\u0131 da devlet hazinesine \u00f6demek istediler. Hz. \u00d6mer buna \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131 ve onlardan zorla k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da al\u0131p hazineye koydu. Aile fertlerine \u015fu ihtar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201c\u015eunu ve \u015funu yasaklad\u0131m, insanlar sizi, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015fun eti g\u00f6zetledi\u011fi gibi g\u00f6zetlerler. Allah’a kasem ederim ki, sizden birinizin bu yasaklar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrsem, onun cezas\u0131n\u0131 kat kat veririm.\u201d<\/strong> \u00d6l\u00fcm d\u00f6\u015fe\u011findeyken alt\u0131 ki\u015filik \u015f\u00fbra \u00fcyelerinden biri olan Hz. Osman\u2019a, yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131rmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tavsiyede bulunmu\u015ftur. Nitekim Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n suikast sebeplerinden biri bu y\u00f6ndeki su\u00e7lamalar olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
        4. Y\u00f6netimde elit k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k ol ve gerekli tedbirleri al. K\u00fbfe valisi Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakk\u00e2s\u2019\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi k\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc yakt\u0131rmas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r valisi \u0130y\u00e2d b. Ganem\u2019in ince elbiseler giydi\u011fini ve hacipler edindi\u011fini duyunca da derhal onu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131p koyun g\u00fctt\u00fcrmesi gibi uygulamalar\u0131, y\u00f6netimde ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir konum istemedi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        5. Liderlik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u00fczenle ve b\u00f6ylece y\u00f6neticilerini kontrol alt\u0131nda tut. Hz. \u00d6mer, bir yere vali atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ona bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yazar, Muhacir ve Ensardan bir grubu ona kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahid tutar; beygire binmemesini, halis bu\u011fday ekme\u011fini yememesini, ince dokunmu\u015f kuma\u015flar giymemesini ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapal\u0131 tutmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca valiyi g\u00f6nderirken mal miktar\u0131n\u0131 yazar, g\u00f6revden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise mallar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcp bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde insan vard\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanma amac\u0131yla insana hizmet etmeyi, ona de\u011fer vermeyi, hakk\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda eksiksiz teslim etmeyi gaye edinip, bu u\u011furda \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olmaktay\u0131z. \u0130nsan odakl\u0131 hizmette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca b\u00fcrokrasiyi aradan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerine direkt ve bizzat v\u00e2k\u0131f olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece hizmet\u00e7i y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n neticesinde etkili y\u00f6netim prensiplerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda \u015fu \u00f6rneklere bakabiliriz:<\/p>\n

          <\/i>\n\t\t\tBir kad\u0131n\u0131n cephedeki kocas\u0131na \u00f6zlem dolu s\u00f6zlerini duyunca, han\u0131m\u0131n kocas\u0131ndan ne kadar s\u00fcre ayr\u0131 kalabilece\u011fini k\u0131z\u0131 Hafsa\u2019ya dan\u0131\u015f\u0131p karar verdikten sonra, askerin cephede kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresini 4 ay olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

          Gece devriyesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n maa\u015f ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011funu s\u00fctten kesme \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucu a\u011flayan \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u015fahit olmu\u015f, s\u00fctten kesilen \u00e7ocuklara maa\u015f ba\u011flanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nceki uygulamas\u0131ndan derhal vazge\u00e7ip, do\u011fan her \u00e7ocu\u011fa maa\u015f ba\u011flanmas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 icraata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

          Muhta\u00e7 durumdaki z\u0131mm\u00ee Yahudi bir ihtiyara maa\u015f ba\u011flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6yle durumdaki z\u0131mm\u00eelerden cizyeyi kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Kendini halktan \u00fcst\u00fcn ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyip, onlar gibi ya\u015famay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi halk\u0131n yiyemedi\u011fi \u015feyleri kendisi de yememi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          K\u0131tl\u0131kta veya a\u00e7l\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapan kimselerin ellerini kesmeyip onlar\u0131 affetmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 B\u00f6ylece zorunlu hallerde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulamayarak insan\u0131 \u00f6nplana ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oluyoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma prensibini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak, gerekli durumlarda toleransl\u0131 uygulamalara gitmi\u015ftir. Cizyeleri b\u00f6lgelere ve insanlar\u0131n maddi durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re takdir etmesi,\u00a0 \u00e2k\u0131leye diyeti \u00fc\u00e7 senede \u00f6deme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131\u00a0 gibi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Toplumun ahlak\u0131n\u0131 bozucu kimi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 cezalar\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yalanc\u0131 \u015fahitlere tazir cezas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7enlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmesi gibi.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n

          Halit \u00c7il, \u201cHz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Liderli\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 \u00a0Doktora Tezinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Halife \u00d6mer\u2019in yenilik\u00e7i (reformist) y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc, ilk kez kendi d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen icraatlarda g\u00f6rebilmekteyiz. Toplumda yeni bir \u015fey yap\u0131p uygulamaya koyman\u0131n zorlu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in liderlik y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan \u00f6nemli etmenlerden biri, mevcut ve gelecekte \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ihtiya\u00e7lara binaen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmesi ve bunlar\u0131 da k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede uygulamaya koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Elbette o ciddi muhalefet ve ithamlara muhatap olmu\u015f, fakat bunlar\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[806,48,805,287,802,804,803],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2704"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2895,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2704\/revisions\/2895"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}