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{"id":2796,"date":"2015-05-06T13:53:02","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T13:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2796"},"modified":"2015-05-06T13:53:02","modified_gmt":"2015-05-06T13:53:02","slug":"iktisadi-kalkinmanin-kultur-temelleri-prof-dr-mustafa-e-erkal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/iktisadi-kalkinmanin-kultur-temelleri-prof-dr-mustafa-e-erkal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ktisadi Kalk\u0131nman\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcr Temelleri – Prof. Dr. Mustafa E. Erkal"},"content":{"rendered":"K<\/span>itab\u0131m\u0131zda iki hareket noktas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birisi \u00fclkemizde dar anla\u015f\u0131lan, asl\u0131nda bir toplumun ya\u015fama tarz\u0131 olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Di\u011feri ise o k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015fama, tesirlik kazanma ve var olma m\u00fccadelesine g\u00fc\u00e7 katan maddi ve manevi kalk\u0131nmad\u0131r. Nereden bakarsak bakal\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcrle kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Bu bak\u0131mdan k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fc ekonomi mi tercihi yap\u0131lamaz. Bunlar bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel manada, d\u0131\u015f politikada di\u015f di\u015fe oldu\u011fumuz bir \u00fclkeden ithalat yapmamak yerinde olur. Mesela iktisadi taviz ve ge\u00e7ici faydalar u\u011fruna G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum kesimi ve Kafkaslar\u2019daki \u0130srail olma yolundaki Ermenistan ile kolay kolay ili\u015fki kuram\u0131yoruz. Hi\u00e7 kimse k\u00fclt\u00fcr ayr\u0131 ekonomi ayr\u0131 diyemez.<\/p>\n

1)K\u00dcLT\u00dcR ve DEMOKRAS\u0130<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcdahale d\u00f6nemi (27 May\u0131s, 12 Mart, 12 Eyl\u00fcl) s\u00fcrekli anayasa ve istikrar aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katarak ifrat ve tefritten ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Demokrasinin ink\u0131taa u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in demokratik haklar geni\u015fletilirken ve belki de hakl\u0131 bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015ftirme ortam\u0131na girilirken i\u015fin ucunu ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak, de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin neler getirip neler g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fini iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunday\u0131z. Aksi halde zamanla tezat davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7ine girerek, 1982 anayasas\u0131na bir d\u00f6nem methiye yazarken ba\u015fka bir d\u00f6nemde onu su\u00e7lar hale geliriz.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131 demokrasi ve onun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel h\u00fcrriyetleri istismar ederek h\u00fcrriyetleri yok etme h\u00fcrriyetini elde etmek pe\u015finde olduklar\u0131ndan sahte demokratlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Demokrasinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrle, toplumun zihniyet d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ve tarihi ger\u00e7eklerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan demokrasiyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilmek, i\u00e7erden ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan milli varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelecek tehlikeleri bertaraf edebilmek i\u00e7in toplumunun milli mutabakatlar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr birli\u011fi yoluyla direnme g\u00fcc\u00fc kazanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu direnme ortak mazinin kavranabilmesi, bir millete mensub olma \u015fuuru ve tarihten ders al\u0131nabilmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Zira, tarih bir ideal aray\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve ona sorumsuzca sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil ondan ders almak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Maziden ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak onu tekrar ya\u015fayabilmek kadar imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2) K\u00dcLT\u00dcRDE MUHAFAZAKARLIK<\/p>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f veya zaman zaman kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirilen bir konuda muhafazakarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Muhafazakarl\u0131k geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla bir milleti di\u011fer milletten ay\u0131ran fark ettiren \u00f6zelliklerin korunmas\u0131 ve korunarak geli\u015ftirilmesidir. Sosyal yap\u0131y\u0131 tan\u0131madan, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 zamana g\u00f6re belirlemeden pe\u015fin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ve taklit\u00e7i bir yenilik\u00e7i tav\u0131r fayda de\u011fil, zarar getirir. De\u011fi\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne pe\u015fin kabul ne de pe\u015fin red s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn iki temel fonksiyonu vard\u0131r Bunlardan birisi yenilik\u00e7i ve geli\u015fmesi tavr\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011feri ise muhafazakar (koruyucu) tav\u0131rd\u0131r. Korunmadan, kayna\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmadan geli\u015fmeci olunamaz.<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 bir toplumda eski, eski oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in at\u0131lamaz; yeni de sadece yeni oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kabul g\u00f6remez. Eskiye yeni de zamanla ilave edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Muhafazakarlar\u0131n kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in gayret g\u00f6sterecekleri ve milli menfaatleri k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131kla koruyacaklar\u0131 tabiidir. Asl\u0131nda, insanl\u0131k tarihi bir bak\u0131ma milli menfaatlerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihidir. Ancak, bu muhafazakarlar\u0131n bu konularda hi\u00e7 hata yapmayacaklar\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. C. K\u00f6kl\u00fc bir devlettir. T\u00fcrk tarihinin muhafazakar niteli\u011fidir ki bizi bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk devletini ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bat\u0131 ile sosyal ve iktisadi uyumda teslimiyet\u00e7i olmamak i\u00e7in en az onlar kadar muhafazakar olmak zorunday\u0131z. Muhafazakarl\u0131k hissi bir bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya her t\u00fcrl\u00fc geli\u015fmeye kapal\u0131l\u0131k veya de\u011fi\u015fmeye \u015fuursuzca teslim olmak de\u011fildir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilen bir \u00fclke, siyasi ve ekonomik menfaatlerini elde etmede uysal, teslimiyet\u00e7i bir \u00e7ocuk gibidir.<\/p>\n

    3) K\u00dcLT\u00dcR ve \u0130KT\u0130SAD\u0130 HAYAT<\/p>\n

    K\u00fclt\u00fcr ne sadece edebiyat, ne sadece sanat ve ekonomidir. Toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sosyal pencereleri k\u00fclt\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndan kapsan\u0131r. Zira k\u00fclt\u00fcr dedi\u011fimiz zaman bir arada ya\u015fama ihtiyac\u0131 duyan, s\u00fcrekli, farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde te\u015fkilatl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip bir insan toplulu\u011fu gelir. Bunun i\u00e7in ekonomi ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir.<\/p>\n

    Son y\u0131llarda tatil yapma mecburiyeti ve tatile gidebilmek bir stat\u00fc arac\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir olmu\u015ftur. Tatil yapabilmek ve deniz imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan faydalanmak bir ihtiya\u00e7 olmaktan \u00f6te, itibar sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcrokrat\u0131yla, ayd\u0131n\u0131yla yaz aylar\u0131nda adeta tatile girmektedir.<\/p>\n

    4) KALKINMA ve A\u0130LE:<\/p>\n

    Aile toplumun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015feklidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn toplumlar\u0131n en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sosyal birimi ailedir. Ailenin mutlu ve huzurlu olmas\u0131 bir bak\u0131ma toplumun huzurlu olmas\u0131 ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Aile hi\u00e7 bir toplumda vazge\u00e7ilemeyen, alternatifi olmayan ve korunmak zorunda olan bir m\u00fcessesedir. Aile 21. Asra girdi\u011fimiz bu g\u00fcnlerde alternatif kabul etmeyen sosyal, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve biyolojik g\u00f6revler yerine getirmektedir. Bu g\u00f6revler nesli s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 sosyalle\u015ftirme, insan\u0131 yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmama ve sosyal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 itibariyle gerginlikten koruma, psikolojik ve biyolojik tatmin, \u00fcyelerinin veya b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ekonomik faaliyetlere kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr nakli \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n

    Aile gen\u00e7lik ili\u015fkileri ve do\u011furdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n ifrata ka\u00e7arak ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Ku\u015faklar (nesiller) aras\u0131 farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar geli\u015fmenin tabii uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, ancak her farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olarak anlamak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nesillerin mutlaka \u00e7at\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki varsay\u0131m eksiktir.<\/p>\n

    Aile i\u00e7i ili\u015fkilerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve sevgi, bir birinin hakk\u0131na riayet etmek ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, demokrasi terbiyesinin ferde kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, sevgisiz, ilgisiz, \u015fefkatsiz ve manen tatmin edilmeden b\u00fcy\u00fcyen gen\u00e7lere demokrasi terbiyesi de verilememektedir.<\/p>\n

    5) TEKNOLOJ\u0130, KALKINMA ve YABANCI D\u0130L<\/p>\n

    Kalk\u0131nma gayretleriyle beraber teknoloji transferi, bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi, k\u0131saca bir teknoloji k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile temas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Evrenselle\u015fen k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ilgili bu saha, ister istemez teknolojinin milletler ars\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bilhassa \u00f6n plana ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yabanc\u0131 dil bilmenin gerekli olu\u015fu, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde yabanc\u0131 dille e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi gerektirmez. Bunlar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Milli dili geli\u015fmemi\u015f ve uzun y\u0131llar s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f milletler i\u00e7in bu yol ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Asl\u0131nda zengin olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi daha da geli\u015ftirmek istiyorsak gerek sosyal, gerek tabii ilimlerde \u00f6\u011frenimi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    6) KALKINMADA \u0130T\u0130C\u0130 G\u00dc\u00c7: M\u0130LL\u0130YET\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K<\/p>\n

    Birbirine s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda fayda umulan iki kavram vard\u0131r; \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cIrk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, kendi soyu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan di\u011fer soy ve \u0131rklara hayat hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mamak ve onlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendine tabii bir k\u00f6le olarak g\u00f6rmektir.<\/p>\n

    Milliyet\u00e7ilik, di\u011fer milletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek kendi kendine ya\u015fama ve var olma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve tan\u0131tmak, di\u011fer milletler gibi h\u00fcr ve insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanarak milli varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli k\u0131lmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6kalp\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cT\u00fcrk olmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrk kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak, T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131ndan olma kafi de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrk olmak i\u00e7in her \u015feyden evvel T\u00fcrk hars\u0131 ile terbiye g\u00f6rmek ve T\u00fcrk mefkuresi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlara haiz olmayanlara kanca ve \u0131rk\u00e7a T\u00fcrk olsalar bile \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 veremeyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Milliyet\u00e7ilik, cihan \u015f\u00fcmul din olan \u0130slamla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaz. \u0130yi m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, Arab\u2019\u0131n Arapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ranl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Acemli\u011fini, \u0130slam\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f bir Alman\u0131n Almanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 terk etmesi gerekmez. Bu farkla bir zenginli\u011fin ifadesidir ve takva yolunda rekabete m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 zorlar. \u0130slam, kavimleri de\u011fil kavim taassubunu, Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmez. \u0130slam farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 reddetmeden, onlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde birlik arayan y\u00fcce tevhit dinidir.<\/p>\n

    7) KALKINMADA \u0130NSAN G\u00dcC\u00dc ve BEY\u0130N G\u00d6\u00c7\u00dc<\/p>\n

    K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kalk\u0131nma aras\u0131nda gerekli ba\u011f\u0131 kuramam\u0131\u015f, k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikas\u0131n\u0131 ihmal edip k\u00fclt\u00fcrs\u00fcz bir maddi kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kalk\u0131nma zannedenler yeti\u015ftirdikleri elemanlar\u0131 zamanla kaybetmi\u015fler, co\u011frafi ve co\u011frafi olmayan nitelikte eleman g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele alabiliriz.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerden geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere ak\u0131n<\/li>\n
    2. Geli\u015fme gayreti i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelerden geli\u015fmelere do\u011fru ak\u0131n<\/li>\n
    3. Geli\u015fmi\u015flerden yine geli\u015fmi\u015flere do\u011fru beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bunlardan 1.si ve 3.s\u00fc fazla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz ve zararlar\u0131 telafi edilebilir. Ancak geli\u015fme gayretleri i\u00e7inde olan ve \u00e7e\u015fitli imkanlara sahip bir \u00fclkenin eleman kayb\u0131 \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmakta ve o \u00fclkenin sosyal ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc sadece co\u011frafi manada bir hareketlilik olarak da alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Co\u011frafi anlamda yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeksizin beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olan nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc her zaman s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011furan baz\u0131 sebepler \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Say\u0131 ve nitelik olarak baz\u0131 dallarda e\u011fitilen insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ile talep edilen insan g\u00fcc\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki dengesizlik<\/li>\n
      2. Yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn te\u015fvik edilmemesi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme konusunda imkanlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi<\/li>\n
      3. Milli ideallerin e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikalar\u0131 yoluyla gen\u00e7lik ve ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda da yer edememesi<\/li>\n
      4. Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve telkin yoluyla geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin cazip g\u00f6sterilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde yabanc\u0131 dille \u00f6\u011fretim<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        8) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 EKONOM\u0130K KALKINMA S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE \u201cSOSYAL B\u00dcT\u00dcNLE\u015eME\u201d SORUNU<\/p>\n

        Sosyal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in toplum hayat\u0131, toplumun s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, sosyal m\u00fcnasebetlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve genel olarak fikri beraberli\u011fin te\u015fkili gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

        K\u00fclt\u00fcr, sosyal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin \u00e7imentosudur. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmede \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7ten bahsedilir;<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Takdim; yeni bir tekni\u011fin, adetin veya ticaret \u015feklinin yenilik\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan takdimidir.<\/li>\n
        2. Kabul; takdim edilen yeniliklerin bir tepki ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 normaldir. Ancak yenilikler zaman ve mekan \u015fart\u0131na uygun ise ve mevcut maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc tamamlay\u0131c\u0131, geli\u015ftirici ise, benimsenip kabul edilebilir. Kabul s\u0131ras\u0131nda manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr ile de ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemesi gerekir.<\/li>\n
        3. B\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme; son ve kesin a\u015famad\u0131r. Takdim ile kabul edilen yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsuru cemiyetin makro yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z kabul ile kalmay\u0131p di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131 ile tamamla\u015fma ve sistemi kuvvetlendirici bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7ine girmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Sosyal b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeden anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken husus homojenlik ve hatta durgunluk de\u011fil dinamik bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fma ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015febilmektir.<\/p>\n

          9)M\u0130LL\u0130 K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dcM\u00dcZ\u00dcN BAZI MESELELER\u0130 VE BAZI TEKL\u0130FLER<\/p>\n

          Toplumumuzda nesiller aras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7evresinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan alg\u0131lama alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olu\u015fundan kaynaklan\u0131r. Fert-k\u00fclt\u00fcr ili\u015fkilerinde, fert k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ancak idrak edebildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tan\u0131yabilir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n bile yabanc\u0131 dil hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselelerini netle\u015ftirmeden di\u011fer alanlarda ba\u015far\u0131 olmam\u0131z zor olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Burada bir \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinde durmak istiyoruz. G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlanan bir hikaye vard\u0131r. Onlar g\u00f6re bat\u0131l\u0131lar G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019ya geldikleri zaman ellerinde sadece \u0130ncil vard\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n ise ellerinde zengin alt\u0131n rezervleri bulunmaktayd\u0131. Y\u0131llar birbirini takip ettikten sonra bu durum tamamen de\u011fi\u015fti. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n eline \u0130ncil Bat\u0131l\u0131 Emperyalistlerin eline ise k\u0131ymetli madenler ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

          Bizde milli kimli\u011fimizden d\u00f6rt sapma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kendini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Gelenekleri ayaklar alt\u0131na alan, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla ve bilhassa devlet deste\u011fiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck gelire kavu\u015fan, manevi bak\u0131mdan ise i\u015f ahlak\u0131ndan uzak, bunal\u0131ml\u0131, faydac\u0131, t\u00fcketici s\u0131n\u0131f…<\/li>\n
          2. K\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 reddeden, T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden bahseden, k\u00fclt\u00fcrde Grek-Latin k\u00f6klerine d\u00f6nmeyi arzulayan, laikli\u011fi \u0130slam\u2019a alternatif bir din gibi kabul ettikleri i\u00e7in milli ve manevi konularda irtica \u015fartl\u0131 refleksine sahip bat\u0131 i\u00e7inde milli kimli\u011finin kaybolmas\u0131na adeta raz\u0131 olan baz\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar.<\/li>\n
          3. Milliyet\u00e7ilik ile \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 anlayamayan yanl\u0131\u015f terc\u00fcme ve tefsirlerin tesirinde kalarak T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine cephe ald\u0131ran, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi k\u00fcf\u00fcr sayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fartland\u0131ran m\u00fccerret bir \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde erimeye haz\u0131r olanlar.<\/li>\n
          4. Yerini bulamam\u0131\u015f-aramak ihtiyac\u0131 duyanlar hari\u00e7- veya proletaryada ve s\u0131n\u0131f kavgas\u0131nda hala \u00fcst\u00fcn nitelikler aramaya ve ondan mucizeler beklemeye devam eden, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki kom\u00fcnist rejimlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f sebebini kavrayamayan liberal g\u00f6z\u00fckmeye \u015fartlar\u0131n zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 sol ayd\u0131nlar<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bat\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekindi\u011fi ve y\u0131pratmak i\u00e7in hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 milli ve \u0130slami geli\u015fmeye sahne olmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 bundan taviz vermemiz gerekti\u011fini AT m\u00fcracaat\u0131m\u0131za -tam \u00fcyelik- verdi\u011fi 17 Aral\u0131k 1989 tarihli cevapta g\u00f6stermi\u015f; K\u0131br\u0131s ve Ege Denizi\u2019ndeki haklar\u0131m\u0131zdan bile vazge\u00e7memiz tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            Milli b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi bundan b\u00f6yle d\u0131\u015f politikadaki ba\u015far\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00f6z\u00fc olan \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olma yolunda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yolu kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uslu ve pasif bir m\u00fcttefik g\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc silmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

            Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr bizim onu taklide ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda buldu\u011fumuz ve anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eski Bat\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bilhassa 20.asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ve II. D\u00fcnya Harbinden sonra bir zamanlar Orta \u00c7a\u011f taassubuna ve kiliseye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Bat\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc moral krizini farketmi\u015f ve art\u0131k refah toplumlar\u0131 bile maneviyat\u0131 arar hale gelmi\u015ftir. Biz hale bu geli\u015fmeyi farkedemedi\u011fimizden laik de\u011fil sek\u00fcler oluyoruz.<\/p>\n

            20.asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 tahmin dahi edilemeyecek olaylar\u0131n resmi ge\u00e7it yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nmede yeni geli\u015fmelerle beraber yeni bir tak\u0131m kavramlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na tan\u0131k oluyoruz.<\/p>\n

            \u0130\u015fte, bu kavramlardan biride, \u201ckitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201dd\u00fcr. Kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc 20. Asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fcnyay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclten, fiziki mesafenin anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartan teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sonu\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n

            Milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczerinde estirilmek istenen bozucu bir propaganda da h\u00fcmanist k\u00fclt\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Antik \u00e7a\u011f k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yayma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 ilgilendiren bu anlay\u0131\u015f milli k\u00f6kleri ve kendini kendinde arama hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131 Grek-Latin k\u00f6klere d\u00f6n\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

            Bu\u00a0 anlay\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine sindiremeyenler taraf\u0131ndan benimsendi\u011fi i\u00e7in 1071 Malazgirt zaferini bile kabullenemeyen \u00e7evreler Osmanl\u0131 ve Sel\u00e7uklu\u2019yu Anadolu\u2019nun basit bir mozaik par\u00e7as\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rmektedirler. Bunlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerindeki \u201dsentez\u201d Urartu, Asur, Hitit, Firigya, Lidya, Roma ve Bizans sentezidir.<\/p>\n

            Millet ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr birbirlerinin hayat kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ederler. Millet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc meydana getirir ve ona anlaml\u0131 katk\u0131lar yapar; k\u00fclt\u00fcrde milleti ya\u015fat\u0131r ve milletin de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. K\u00fclt\u00fcr millet taraf\u0131ndan zenginle\u015ftirilip y\u00fckseltilirken k\u00fclt\u00fcrde millete h\u0131z vererek onu yeni hedeflere do\u011fru y\u00f6neltir. Milli hamleler millet-k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u015fbirli\u011finin ortak mahsulleridirler.<\/p>\n

            Millet kendi birli\u011finden haberdar olan siyasi bak\u0131mdan devlet \u015feklinde te\u015fkilatlanm\u0131\u015f ve milli devlet kurma kabiliyetine sahip s\u00fcrekli ve te\u015fkilatl\u0131 insan z\u00fcmreleridir. Milliyet ise tohum halindeki bir millettir.<\/p>\n

            Tarihe sahip, fakat onu inkar eden fertler ve toplumlar milli olmaktan uzakla\u015f\u0131rlar. B\u00f6yle topluluklar milli varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131nda esas olan muhafazakarl\u0131k fonksiyonunu yitirdiklerinden geli\u015fmeci ve ilerlemeci bir fonksiyonda yerine getiremezler. Geli\u015fme ve de\u011fi\u015fmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muhafazakarl\u0131k fonksiyonunda yitirilmemesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            T\u00fcrkler milli varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hem dilleriyle hem de dinleriyle ve di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsurlar\u0131yla korumu\u015flard\u0131r. Dil ve din iki temel unsurdur. Bunlardan birisini kaybeden topluluk di\u011ferini de kaybetmi\u015ftir. Dil ile dinin birbirinden kopuk ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan birbirine ters gibi g\u00f6stermek milli birli\u011fi zedeleyici bir tutumdur. Ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinde oynanan oyunlar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk deyince akla ister istemez m\u00fcsl\u00fcman gelir. Bunlar i\u00e7i\u00e7e girmi\u015ftir. Vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z bazende din ile milliyetini birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve kendisine milliyeti soruldu\u011funda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman dedi\u011fi de olur. \u0130yi bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olabilmek i\u00e7in milliyetini g\u00f6zden uzak tutmak diye bir\u015fey olamaz. Bu konudaki ayet ve hadisler de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk insan\u0131na milliyetini unutturarak bir yere var\u0131lamaz; olsa olsa bir ba\u015fka milliyete hizmet edilmi\u015f ve o milliyetin hizmetine girilmi\u015f olur .<\/p>\n

            \u0130slamiyet \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda milletler aras\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ancak takva ile yap\u0131lan hizmet ve yerine getirilen g\u00f6rev ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim \u00f6rfe ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Vatan sevgisi imandand\u0131r ve insan kavmini sevmekle k\u0131nanamaz. Bu durum tefrikac\u0131l\u0131k diye su\u00e7lanamaz. \u0130slam milleti ifadesi de sosyolojik bak\u0131mdan yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130slam farkl\u0131 milletleri b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir \u00fcmmet birli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

            Prof. Dr. Mustafa E. Erkal, Der Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Kitab\u0131m\u0131zda iki hareket noktas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birisi \u00fclkemizde dar anla\u015f\u0131lan, asl\u0131nda bir toplumun ya\u015fama tarz\u0131 olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Di\u011feri ise o k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015fama, tesirlik kazanma ve var olma m\u00fccadelesine g\u00fc\u00e7 katan maddi ve manevi kalk\u0131nmad\u0131r. Nereden bakarsak bakal\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcrle kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Bu bak\u0131mdan k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fc ekonomi mi tercihi yap\u0131lamaz. Bunlar bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,540],"tags":[919,920,259,627,914,917,918,916,915],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2798,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2796\/revisions\/2798"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}