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{"id":2803,"date":"2015-05-12T08:42:10","date_gmt":"2015-05-12T08:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2803"},"modified":"2015-05-12T08:42:10","modified_gmt":"2015-05-12T08:42:10","slug":"hz-omerde-empati-ve-sempati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/hz-omerde-empati-ve-sempati\/","title":{"rendered":"Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019de Empati ve Sempati"},"content":{"rendered":"E<\/span>mpati; bili\u015fsel veya duygusal-bili\u015fsel bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bili\u015fsel bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlanan kavram, bireyin bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kendi zihniyle anlamas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilidir. Duygusal-bili\u015fsel kavram, bir insan\u0131n ba\u015fka birinin duygusal bir an\u0131n\u0131 -do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f olarak- fark etmesi ve ard\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 duyguyu kendisinde duymas\u0131 \u00fczerinde odaklan\u0131r. Duygusal bili\u015fsel empati, tan\u0131m gere\u011fi, “kendini di\u011ferinin yerine koyma”n\u0131n zorunlu sonucudur ve ahl\u00e2ki davran\u0131\u015fla ve e\u011fer yard\u0131m di\u011fer ki\u015fideki olumsuz duygular\u0131 azaltacak ise o ki\u015fiye yard\u0131m etme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, empati yapan ki\u015fi, di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 pozitif bir tutum i\u00e7inde ve ona yard\u0131m etmeye istekli ise, bu empati bir t\u00fcr sempati halini al\u0131r. Sempati bir insan\u0131n bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n iyili\u011fini isteme, onun iyili\u011fi ile ilgilenme durumu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Hz. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda bir \u015fah\u0131s, han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u00f6ylenmesi ve \u00e7ekilmez tutumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bunu \u00d6mer\u2019e \u015fik\u00e2yet etmeye karar verir. Halifenin evine gelip, kap\u0131ya yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7eriden \u00e7ok sert ve sinirli bir kad\u0131n sesi duyar. Bir m\u00fcddet kap\u0131da bekler, kad\u0131n\u0131n susmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Halifenin onu dinledi\u011fini anlayan adam geri d\u00f6nmeye karar verir. Tam ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7an Hz. \u00d6mer sorar:<\/p>\n

-\u201cBuyurun, bir \u015fey mi s\u00f6yleyecektiniz?\u201d<\/p>\n

Adam:<\/p>\n

-\u201cEy M\u00fcminlerin Emiri! Kar\u0131m\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc huylar\u0131n\u0131 ve bana olan sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet etmek \u00fczere gelmi\u015ftim. Senin kar\u0131n\u0131n da sana kar\u015f\u0131 olmad\u0131k s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yledi\u011fini duyunca vazge\u00e7ip geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcm ve kendi kendime; \u2018M\u00fcminlerin emiri kar\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle olunca, benim derdime nas\u0131l deva bulacak?\u2019 dedim.\u201d<\/p>\n

O zaman Hz. \u00d6mer adama \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

-\u201cKarde\u015fim, kar\u0131m\u0131n benim \u00fczerimdeki haklar\u0131 sebebiyle ona katlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Zira o benim hem a\u015f\u00e7\u0131m, hem f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131m, hem \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rc\u0131m, hem de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fctannesidir. Halbuki o b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yapmak zorunda de\u011fildir. \u00dcstelik g\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fcn harama meyletmesine engel olan da odur. Bu sebeple onun yapt\u0131klar\u0131na katlan\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6zleri duyan adam:<\/p>\n

-\u201cEy M\u00fcminlerin Emiri! Benim kar\u0131m da aynen \u00f6yle\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Hz. \u00d6mer adam\u0131:<\/p>\n

-\u201cHaydi karde\u015fim, kar\u0131na katlanmaya bak! Hayat dedi\u011fin \u015fey g\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131p kapayana kadar ge\u00e7iyor!\u201d diye teselli etti.<\/p>\n

Oysa Hz. \u00d6mer kim bilir belki daha fazla yorulmu\u015ftu. Devlet i\u015fleri belki de onun sinirlerini alt \u00fcst etmi\u015fti. Fakat iki taraftan birisinin sukut etmesi gerekiyordu ve sars\u0131lmayan\u0131n, sars\u0131lana yard\u0131m etmesi, onun duygular\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131 ve onun penceresinden bakmas\u0131 gerekiyordu ve Hz. \u00d6mer bunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p gelen empatik bir anlay\u0131\u015f sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Abdullah b. Eb\u00ee Sel\u00eet \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: G\u00f6zleri g\u00f6rmeyen Ebu Ahmed b. Cah\u015f\u2019\u0131, k\u0131zkarde\u015fi Zeyneb\u2019in tabutunu ta\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bu s\u0131rada bir yandan da a\u011fl\u0131yordu. Hz. \u00d6mer ona:<\/p>\n

-\u201cEbu Ahmed! B\u0131rak da ba\u015fkalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131s\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k var, ezilebilirsin\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Ebu Ahmed:<\/p>\n

-\u201cEy \u00d6mer! Biz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayra onun vas\u0131tas\u0131yla nail olduk. (Hz. Zeyneb\u2019in, Hz. Peygamber\u2019le evlenmesine i\u015faret ediyor). Onun tabutunu bu \u015fekilde a\u011flayarak ta\u015f\u0131mak, kalbimde hissetti\u011fim ac\u0131lar\u0131 biraz olsun hafifletmektedir\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00d6mer:<\/p>\n

-\u201c\u00d6yleyse onu ta\u015f\u0131maya devam edebilirsin\u201d \u015feklinde cevap verdi. Yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekten dolay\u0131 mahzun bir y\u00fcre\u011fin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, empatik duygularla payla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6pr\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisinden sonra firar edenlerden dolay\u0131 \u00d6mer, Ensar ve Muhacir M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n umutsuzlu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, onlara:<\/p>\n

– \u201cEy M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar toplulu\u011fu! Umutsuz olmay\u0131n. \u015eayet bana do\u011fru gelirseniz, ben sizin grubunuzum (veya ganimetinizim).\u201d dedi. Muaz da ka\u00e7anlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir moral \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde idi. O, s\u0131k s\u0131k \u015fu ayeti okuyordu: \u201cTekrar sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir tarafa \u00e7ekilme veya di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011fe \u00a0ula\u015f\u0131p mevzi tutma durumu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kim \u00f6yle bir g\u00fcnde onlara arka \u00e7evirirse muhakkak ki o, Allah’\u0131n gazab\u0131n\u0131 hak etmi\u015f olarak d\u00f6ner. Onun yeri de cehennemdir. Oras\u0131, var\u0131lacak ne k\u00f6t\u00fc yerdir!\u201d\u00a0 \u00d6mer ona \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

-\u201c\u015eayet bana do\u011fru gelirsen, ben senin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcm .\u201d Yani; \u015funun i\u00e7in d\u00f6ner ki, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n gerideki kuvvetlerine var\u0131p, onlarla bir olup gelir. Ayetin manas\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u00d6mer, sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7mak zorunda kalan askerlerinin yenilmi\u015flik psikolojisini payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131 moral \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcden kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131 kendine kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve ba\u015fkomutanlar\u0131n\u0131n yanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu hissettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan psikolojisini \u00e7ok iyi bilen bir lider olan \u00d6mer, su\u00e7 i\u015fleyene tatbik edilen cezadan sonra, onun toplum i\u00e7inde eziklik hissetmemesi i\u00e7in, ayetlerle gerekti\u011finde moral takviyesinde bulunmu\u015f, cezan\u0131n sadece i\u015flenen fiile m\u00fcnhas\u0131r kalmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kendisine i\u00e7ki i\u00e7me cezas\u0131 olarak 80 de\u011fnek cezas\u0131 tatbik edilen Ebu Cendel\u2019e \u00d6mer \u015f\u00f6yle bir mektup yaz\u0131p g\u00f6nderdi:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6mer’den Ebu Cendel’e. Ku\u015fkusuz Allah, kendisine ortak ko\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamaz. Ama bundan ba\u015fka g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 diledi\u011fi kimseye ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar. Tevbe et, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k, \u00fcmidini kesme, zira Allah buyuruyor ki: \u201cDe ki: Ey kendilerine k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck edip a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 giden kullar\u0131m! Allah’\u0131n rahmetinden umudunuzu kesmeyin. Do\u011frusu Allah, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n hepsini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc O, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayand\u0131r, merhametlidir.\u201d\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca \u00d6mer, halka da \u015f\u00f6yle bir mektup g\u00f6nderdi: \u201cKendi nefsinize bak\u0131n. Dinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyenlere hep birlikte kar\u015f\u0131 koyun. Kimseyi ay\u0131plamay\u0131n. Aksi takdirde aran\u0131zda bela ve musibet yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Halife \u00d6mer, idaresi alt\u0131ndaki her bir bireyin sorumlulu\u011funu omzuna alm\u0131\u015f, onlardan hi\u00e7 birinin zarara u\u011framamas\u0131 i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ordusundaki her askerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, komutanlar\u0131na devaml\u0131 uyar\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftur. Empati yapan ki\u015fi olarak \u00d6mer, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 pozitif bir tutum i\u00e7inde ve onlara yard\u0131m etmeye istekli olmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece bu empati bir t\u00fcr sempati halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sempatiyi; \u2018bir insan\u0131n bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n iyili\u011fini isteme, onun iyili\u011fi ile ilgilenme durumu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u2019 diye tarif etmi\u015ftik. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; tarihi kaynaklarda genel olarak nakledilen \u2018S\u00e2riye\u2019 olay\u0131n\u0131, empatik ve sempatik ileti\u015fimin ileri boyutu olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ordusunu o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki, uzaktan bile onlara yard\u0131m edecek kadar zihnini me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir. S\u00e2riye olay\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u00d6mer, g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na S\u00e2riye ad\u0131nda birini komutan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ordu cepheye gitti. \u00d6mer, Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc hutbe irad ederken, bir ara: \u201cEy S\u00e2riye, da\u011fa do\u011fru gidin.\u201d diye \u00fcnlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bunu \u00fc\u00e7 kez tekrarlad\u0131. Cemaat onun ni\u00e7in b\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini anlamad\u0131. Sonra S\u00e2riye Medine’ye geldi. \u00d6mer, ona cephedeki haberleri sordu. O \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

-\u201cEy M\u00fcminlerin Emiri! Biz d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. G\u00fcnlerce bekledi\u011fimiz halde d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir kimse \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yan\u0131m\u0131za gelmiyordu. Biz al\u00e7ak bir arazideydik. Onlarsa y\u00fcksek bir kalede idiler. Bir \u00fcnleyicinin: \u201cEy S\u00e2riye! Da\u011fa do\u011fru gidin.” dedi\u011fini duydum. Bunun \u00fczerine arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131 da\u011fa do\u011fru y\u00fckseklere g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Bir saat ge\u00e7meden, Allah bize fethi m\u00fcyesser k\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6mer\u2019in hutbede s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcn s\u0131rr\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ona, \u201cBu s\u00f6z\u00fc nereden bulup s\u00f6yledin?\u201d diye soruldu\u011funda \u015fu cevab\u0131 vermi\u015fti: \u201cVallahi dilime geldi, ben de s\u00f6yledim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Can\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi Hz. Peygamber ve yan\u0131nda Ebu Bekir\u2019i beraberce a\u011flarlarken g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; \u201cNeden a\u011fl\u0131yorsunuz? A\u011flanacak bir \u015fey varsa, ben de a\u011flayay\u0131m. E\u011fer a\u011flayamazsam, hi\u00e7 olmazsa a\u011flar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcneyim.\u201d\u00a0 diyerek, onlar\u0131n duygular\u0131na ve dertlerine ortak olmaya \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Halit \u00c7il \u201cHz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Liderli\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 doktora tezinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Empati; bili\u015fsel veya duygusal-bili\u015fsel bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bili\u015fsel bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlanan kavram, bireyin bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kendi zihniyle anlamas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilidir. Duygusal-bili\u015fsel kavram, bir insan\u0131n ba\u015fka birinin duygusal bir an\u0131n\u0131 -do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f olarak- fark etmesi ve ard\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 duyguyu kendisinde duymas\u0131 \u00fczerinde odaklan\u0131r. Duygusal bili\u015fsel empati, tan\u0131m gere\u011fi, “kendini …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[928,926,48,927],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2803"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2803"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2806,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2803\/revisions\/2806"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}