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{"id":2827,"date":"2015-05-25T14:00:26","date_gmt":"2015-05-25T14:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2827"},"modified":"2015-05-25T14:00:26","modified_gmt":"2015-05-25T14:00:26","slug":"mezhepler-nasil-ortaya-cikti-ismail-mutlu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/mezhepler-nasil-ortaya-cikti-ismail-mutlu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mezhepler Nas\u0131l Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 – \u0130smail Mutlu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mezheplerin, Peygamberimizin (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) vefat\u0131ndan sonra nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam etmeyen hak mezhepleri, mezheplerin olu\u015fumunda ayetlerden, hadislerden, \u00f6rf ve adetlerden kaynaklanan etkiler, d\u00f6rt mezhep imam\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131saca hayatlar\u0131, Haricilik, \u015eial\u0131k, Cebriye, Mutezile, Kaderiyye, M\u00fcsebille, Vehhabilik, Bahailik mezhepleri ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 inceleniyor.<\/p>\n

Mezheplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) hayatta oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde sahabiler herhangi bir mesele oldu\u011funda Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’e geliyor, o hususta bilgi istiyorlard\u0131. Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) de sorulan soruyu bir vahye istinaden veya kendi bilgisi ile cevapland\u0131r\u0131yordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) zaman\u0131nda herhangi bir mezhep olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi.<\/p>\n

Mezhepler Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra ayet ve hadislerde a\u00e7\u0131k olarak izah edilmeyen meselelerden kesin ve herkesin itirazs\u0131z olarak kabul edebilece\u011fi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm verebilecek bir otoritenin olmamas\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Zuhur eden bu mezhepler genel olarak ameliye ve itikadi olmak \u00fczere iki grupta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ameli mezheplerin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fu \u015fekilde olmu\u015ftur. Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra islam alemi geni\u015flemi\u015f, sahabilerden herbiri bir \u015fehre da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sahabiler gittikleri yerlerde m\u00fcracaat kayna\u011f\u0131 oldular. Yani m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan veya islamiyet hakk\u0131nda fazla bilgisi olmayan pek\u00e7ok kimse kendilerine \u00e7e\u015fitli meselelerde dinin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc sordular. Sahabiler de muhatap olduklar\u0131 sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 evvela Kur’an\u2019 da arad\u0131lar. Onda bulamad\u0131klar\u0131nda kendi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcm verdiler.<\/p>\n

Bu sahabiler ayn\u0131 zamanda kendilerine TAB\u0130\u0130N denilen pek \u00e7ok talebe yeti\u015ftirdiler. Onlardan sonra talebeleri tabiin alimleri de bir yandan fetva vererek m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 dini konuda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rken bir yandan da talebe yeti\u015ftirdiler. Onlar\u0131n talebelerine Tebei Tabiin denildi. Tebei Tabiin Alimleri de Tabiin Alimlerini takip edip onlar\u0131n yolunda devam ettiler.<\/p>\n

Gerek sahabe, gerek Tabiin, gerekse Tebei Tabiin’in fetvalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan imam\u0131n fetvalar\u0131n\u0131 biliyor, onu tercih ediyor ve ona g\u00f6re amel ediyordu. \u0130\u015fte bu tercih ve taraftarl\u0131k zamanla yerini “Gidilen yol”<\/em><\/strong> manas\u0131na gelen mezheplere terk etti.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Hanefi, \u015eafii, Maliki ve Hanbeli mezheplerinden ba\u015fka Servi, Evzai, Teberi, Zahiri isimleriyle birlikte bir\u00e7ok hak mezhep daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak bunlardan d\u00f6rd\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden tarih sahnesinden silindiler.<\/p>\n

\u0130tikadi mezheplere gelince bu mezheplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndaki temel sebep m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra onun yerine ge\u00e7ecek, siyasi y\u00f6nden onu temsil edecek olan Halifenin se\u00e7imi m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda ilk ciddi fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep oldu. Ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Halife Hz. Osman’\u0131n \u015fehit edilmesi bu ihtilaf\u0131 daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda Cemel ve S\u0131ff\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sava\u015flarda pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Halifenin kim olaca\u011f\u0131, s\u0131ff\u0131n ve cemel sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6len ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin durumu, gibi sebepler ve bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sayabilece\u011fimiz pek\u00e7ok sebep sonraki y\u0131llarda itikadi sahada pek\u00e7ok mezhebin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na netice verdi. Mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesinde on binlerce m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda ise Babilik, Bahailik, Kad\u0131yanilik gibi Allah ve Peygamber ad\u0131na yalan uyduran mezhepler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu mezheplerin kurucular\u0131 kendilerini Peygamber ilan ettirler. Ha\u015fa Allah(cc)’in kendilerine hulul etti\u011fi hezeyan\u0131nda bulundular. Babiler ve Bahailer Kur’an’\u0131n ve Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in devrinin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettiler. Her\u015feyi m\u00fcbah g\u00f6ren ve islamiyeti y\u0131kmaya y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bir \u00e7ok safi zihni idlal ettiler.<\/p>\n

Kitap on bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) zaman\u0131nda mezhep var m\u0131yd\u0131? Alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015flanan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mezheplerin her soruna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Efendimiz zaman\u0131nda de\u011fildi. Onun vefat\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra da mezheplerin nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda malumat verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt hak mezhebin zuhuru mezhep imamlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7tihad\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131larak izah edilmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiremeyen f\u0131kh\u0131 hak mezhepler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Evzai Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Servi Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Leysi Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Zahiri Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Taberi Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Hasan Basri’nin Mezhebi<\/p>\n

Mezhepler aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlardan kaynaklanan bir k\u0131s\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yine mezhepler aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebepleri maddeler halinde izah edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ayetlerden kaynaklanan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hak mezhepler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k olmakla birlikte bu fark as\u0131l meselelerde de\u011fil, teferruat meselelerdir. Mezhep \u00e2limlerinin ayn\u0131 meselede farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm vermelerinin sebeplerinden biri ayetlerin farkl\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaya m\u00fcsait olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Hadislerden kaynaklanan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0130slam h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Kur’an’dan sonra en m\u00fchim kayna\u011f\u0131 hadislerindir. B\u00fct\u00fcn mezhep imamlar\u0131n\u0131n verdikleri h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde hadislerin m\u00fchim rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u0130mam\u0131 Azam hadisle ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u0130\u00e7lerinde hadisle me\u015fgul olanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcrece insanlar kurtulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Hadislerin farl\u0131l\u0131klara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok sebep vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi Arap\u00e7an\u0131n ince bir lisan olmas\u0131 ve l\u00fcgatten kaynaklanan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

      b)Hadislerin farkl\u0131 kelimelerle rivayet edilmesi:<\/p>\n

      Mesela \u015fu hadis bu meseleye \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

      “Kameti duydu\u011funuz saman namaza gidiniz. Yolda sakin ve vakar ile y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcn. Acele etmeyin, Yeti\u015fti\u011finiz rekatlar\u0131 k\u0131lar, yeti\u015femedi\u011finizi tamamlars\u0131n\u0131z.” Ayn\u0131 hadis Ahmet bin Hanbel’in M\u00fcsned’inde ise “yeti\u015femediklerinizi kaza edersiniz. “Bu ravilerden birisinin manay\u0131 esas alarak hadisteki kelimelerden birisini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi imama sonradan yeti\u015fen kimsenin yeti\u015femedi\u011fi rekatlar\u0131 k\u0131larken nas\u0131l davranmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususunda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin verilmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      c) \u0130mamlar\u0131n hadisleri anlamada birbirinden farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131:<\/p>\n

      d) Ayn\u0131 meselede farkl\u0131 iki hadisin olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

      e) \u0130mamlar\u0131n hadis bilgisi.<\/p>\n

      f) Peygamberimizin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131.<\/p>\n

      h) Hadiste kastedilen manay\u0131 anlayamamak.<\/p>\n

      i) Hadisin sahihli\u011fini tesbitte metodun farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

      j) Zay\u0131f hadisle amel edilip edilemeyece\u011fi hususu.<\/p>\n

      \u00d6rf ve adetlerin tesiri: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Mesela cemaatle namaz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fatihay\u0131 okuyan \u015fafilerin durumu ile imam\u0131n okudu\u011fu fatihaya amin diyerek imza basan hanefilerin durumu. Di\u011fer bir misal \u015eafilerde az bir pislik namaza mani iken Hanefilerde mani olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Mezheplerin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rahmettir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi “\u00dcmmetimin ihtilaf\u0131 rahmettir” diyerek dile getirmi\u015ftir. Ancak burada kastedilen ihtilaf yap\u0131c\u0131 ihtilaft\u0131r. Herkes kendi fikrinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n tahribine ve ortadan kalkmas\u0131na de\u011fil. Belki tamamlanmas\u0131na ve yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 varsa d\u00fczeltilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bu mevzulara ilaveten bir mezhebe ba\u011flanmak \u015fart m\u0131? Mezhep de\u011fi\u015ftirmek caiz mi? Ba\u015fka mezheplere g\u00f6re amel edilebilir mi? D\u00f6rt mezhep bire indirilebilir mi? Mezhepsizlik nedir? Gibi istifhamlara cevap veriliyor.<\/p>\n

      \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

      D\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck mezhep imam\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131, \u0130slam f\u0131kh\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ifa etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 vazife ve mezheplerin kurulu\u015fundaki rolleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130MAMI AZAM:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Hicretin 80. y\u0131l\u0131nda(miladi 699) K\u00fcfe de d\u00fcnya ya gelmi\u015ftir. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Numan Bin Sabit’tir. Do\u011fmadan Hz. Ali’nin duas\u0131na mazhar olmu\u015ftur. \u0130slam f\u0131kh\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fonksiyon eda etmi\u015f olan \u0130mam\u0131 Azam Hanefi Mezhebinin kurucusudur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 3\/2’si \u0130mam\u0131 Azam’\u0131n kurdu\u011fu Hanefi mezhebine mensuptur. T\u00fcrkiye Balkanlar, Lehistan, T\u00fcrkistan, Afganistan, Horasan, Pakistan, Kazan, Sibirya, \u00c7in, Man\u00e7urya, Kafkasya, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Arnavutluk ekseriyetle Hanefidir.<\/p>\n

      \u0130MAMI MAL\u0130K: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Hicretin 93. y\u0131l\u0131nda(Miladi 712)Medine’de ilim ve hadisle me\u015fgul bir ailede do\u011fdu. Peygamber, \u015feyh ve ilmin be\u015fi\u011fi olan Medine de do\u011fmas\u0131 sebebi ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta ilim tahsiline ba\u015flad\u0131. Yeti\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6neme damgas\u0131n\u0131 basm\u0131\u015f olan Malik Bin Henes ilim \u00f6\u011frenme u\u011fruna \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck fedakarl\u0131klara katlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in hadislerine son derece sayg\u0131l\u0131 idi. Ayakta hadis yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayakta hadis de dinlemezdi. \u015eafii mezhebinin kurucusu \u0130mam \u015eafii’de ondan ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maliki Mezhebinin kurucusudur.<\/p>\n

      G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Trablus, Libya, Tunus, Fas, Cezayir, Sudan, Merake\u015f ve Afrika sahilleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla malikidir. Irak, Suriye, Hicaz ve yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’da da Maliki vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130MAMI \u015eAF\u0130\u0130: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Hicri 150. (Miladi 767) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eam’\u0131n Gazze kasabas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Babas\u0131 ismini Muhammed koydu. Fakat o sahibi olan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015faktan dedesi \u015eafii’ye izafeten \u015eafii diye me\u015fhur oldu. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta ilim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan parmakla g\u00f6sterilecek biri oldu. 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda fetva verecek ve hadis rivayet edebilecek mertebeye ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130mam Malik’in Muvatta<\/strong> isimli hadis kitab\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirdi.<\/p>\n

      \u015eafii mezhebi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015fu \u00fclkelerde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r: M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye, Filistin ve Hicaz’da \u015fafiler \u00e7oktur. Sumatra, Sibirya ve Filistin’in \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015fafiidir. Yemen, Aden, Hint ve Do\u011fu Anadolu da ve Irak\u2019ta vard\u0131r. Orta Asya’n\u0131n Kuzeyi ve Do\u011fu Afrika’da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130MAMI AHMET B\u0130N HANBEL: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Hicri 164 (Miladi 781) tarihinde d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. Soyu Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in soyu ile birle\u015fmektedir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta Kur’an’\u0131 ezberledi. Di\u011fer dini g\u00fcnleri \u00f6\u011frendi. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u0130mam\u0131 Azam’\u0131n talebesi Ebu Yusuf’tan ders ald\u0131. \u0130\u015fitti\u011fi hadisleri ezberlemekle yetinmez onlar\u0131 kaydederdi.<\/p>\n

      Abbasi Devletinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Abdullah elMemun’un Kur’an’\u0131n yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fikrini kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Ahmet Bin Hanbel’i yakalatt\u0131 ve ona zul\u00fcm yapt\u0131lar. Bu zul\u00fcm 28 ay devam etti. \u00c7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc talebeleri oldu\u011fu halde mezhebinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok fazla mensubu yoktur. Sadece Suudi Arabistan’da kuvvetli durumdad\u0131r. Irak, Suriye ve Filistin’de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Ahmet Bin Hanbel kimseye y\u00fck olmaz ge\u00e7imini \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak el eme\u011fi ile kazan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015e\u00fcpheli \u015feylerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Her \u015feyin helal olan\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Nefsine hakimdi. Yi\u011fitlik nedir \u015feklindeki bir suale “Yi\u011fitlik, nefsinin arzu etti\u011fi gayrime\u015fru bir \u015feyi s\u0131rf Allah’tan korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in terk etmektir.”<\/p>\n

      D\u00f6rt mezhep imam\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 zihinlerde yer eden \u00f6nemli iki isim daha vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi: \u0130mam\u0131 Azam’\u0131n talebelerinden \u0130mam Ebu Yusuf; \u0130kincisi ise yine onun talebelerinden \u0130mam\u0131 Muhammed’tir.<\/p>\n

      \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0130tikadi mezhepler ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sebepleri ve mahiyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmektedir. \u0130tikadi mezhepler ALLAH(CC)’\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131, peygamberlik m\u00fcessesesi, melekler, kaza ve kader, ahiret, cennet ve cehennem gibi konularda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mezhepler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ehli S\u00fcnnet Mezhebi.<\/li>\n
      2. Ehli Bid’at Mezhebi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0130tikad\u0131 hak mezhepler iki tanedir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Maturidi Mezhebi:<\/strong> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hanefi Mezhebine mensup olanlar\u0131n mezhebidir.<\/li>\n
        2. E\u015far\u0131 Mezhebi:<\/strong> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015eafii Mezhebine mensup olanlar\u0131n mezhebidir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0130tikadi mezheplerin ortay \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sebepleri:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0130slam\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinden do\u011fan sebepler.<\/li>\n
          2. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eki\u015fmeler.<\/li>\n
          3. D\u0131\u015f sebepler.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Haricilik, Haricili\u011fin ortay \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Hz. Ali’yi derinden yaralayan Hakem olay\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn teferruat\u0131 ile izah edilmektedir. Haricilerin Hz. Ali’ye ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00e7ektirdikleri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve hakikatten sapman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaileler izah edilmektedir. Haricilerin kollar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

            Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u015eia’n\u0131n tarifi, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ve \u015fiili\u011fin do\u011fu\u015fu hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler iki \u015f\u0131kta toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler. Bunlar \u015fii m\u00fcelliflerdir.<\/li>\n
            2. Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler. Tevvab\u0131n hareketi, Muhtar Essekafi hareketi gibi konular vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Alt\u0131nc\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u015eii f\u0131rkalar\u0131n\u0131n zuhuru:<\/p>\n

              a) Zeydilik ve Zeydilerin kollar\u0131.<\/p>\n

              b) Batiniye \u0130slamiye<\/p>\n

              c) D\u00fcrzilik: \u015eiili\u011fin \u0130slamiye kolundan do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

              d) Caferiye\u0130mamiye: Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra Hz. Ali s\u0131ras\u0131yla onun neslinden 11 ki\u015fiyi ALLAH’\u0131n emri ve Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in tavsiyesi ile imam kabul ve bu 12 imama inanmay\u0131 dinin asl\u0131na dahil bir esas olarak g\u00f6renlerin mezhebidir. Onlar\u0131n 12 imam\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r<\/p>\n

              Ali b. Ebu Talip<\/p>\n

              Hasan b. Ali<\/p>\n

              H\u00fcseyin b. Ali<\/p>\n

              Ali b. el H\u00fcseyin(Zeynel Abidin)<\/p>\n

              Muhammed elBakir<\/p>\n

              Cafer es-Sad\u0131k<\/p>\n

              Musa el- Kazim<\/p>\n

              Ali er-R\u0131za<\/p>\n

              Muhammed el-Taki<\/p>\n

              Ali el-Naki<\/p>\n

              Hasan el Askeri<\/p>\n

              Muhammed el Mehdi<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. e) Rafiziler<\/li>\n
              2. f) Nusayriler: Muhammed Bin Nusayr taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Yedinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                M\u00fcrcie, Cebriye, Mutezile, Kaderiye ve M\u00fc\u015febbile f\u0131rkalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmektedir. M\u00fcrcienin \u0130slamla telif edebilecek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri mesela kafire ibadet ve taat\u0131 fayda vermedi\u011fi gibi m\u00fc’mine de i\u015fledi\u011fi g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 zarar vermez.<\/p>\n

                \u0130man sahibi samimi ve dosdo\u011fru ise bu inan\u00e7 sahibi azap g\u00f6rmeyecektir. \u0130man ve amel birbirlerinden ayr\u0131d\u0131r. Halbuki dinimizde iman ve amel birbirlerini tamamlayan iki par\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                “\u0130nsan kaderin mahkumu de\u011fildir.” isimli b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Cebriyenin ne derece yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. (Yazar. Bedi\u00fczzaman\u0131n Cebriye yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Mutezilerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri: 1. Tevhid 2. Adalet 3. Vaad ve vahit 4. El-Munzil beynelmunzileteyn 5. Emribil maruf Neyhi anil m\u00fcnker, Bedi\u00fczzaman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda izah edilmektedir.)<\/p>\n

                Sekizinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                Ehli s\u00fcnnet akidesinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl safhas\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ehli s\u00fcnnetin itikad\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcnde ilk ciddi isim hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u0130mam\u0131 Azam Ebu Hanife’dir. \u0130mam\u0131 Azam itikadi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri f\u0131kh\u0131 ekber isimli eserinden \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Tevhid<\/li>\n
                2. N\u00fcb\u00fcvvet<\/li>\n
                3. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah<\/li>\n
                4. Mucize, Keramet, \u0130stidrac<\/li>\n
                5. Allah(cc) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/li>\n
                6. \u0130man ve \u0130slam<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Selefiye, Halifiye, E\u015farilik, Maturidilik, E\u015fariye ile Maturidi aras\u0131ndaki farklar.<\/p>\n

                  Dokuzuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Vahhabilik, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, Taif, Mekke ve Medineyi ele ge\u00e7irmeleri i\u015flenmi\u015f Vahhabilerin iman, \u015fefaat, Tevess\u00fcl, Tarikat, Tasavvuf, Bid’at konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri i\u015flenmi\u015f ve Bedi\u00fczzaman\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                  Onuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Babilik ve Bahailik: Bahaili\u011fin i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc ortaya konduktan sonra \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer verilmektedir. Bahailik kesinlikle bir din de\u011fildir. Daha \u00e7ok islamiyetin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hr\u0131stiyanl\u0131k ve yahudilikten h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin bulundu\u011fu sap\u0131kl\u0131k cereyan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  Onbirinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Kad\u0131yanilik ve Ahmedilik<\/p>\n

                  Kad\u0131yanilik Hindistan’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bat\u0131l bir mezheptir. 19. yy. sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Mirza Gulam Ahmet taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. Gulam Ahmet m\u00fccedditli\u011fini ilan etmi\u015f ve sap\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ortaya atm\u0131\u015f olan bir \u015fahsiyettir. Ve \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n

                  Allah beni bu y\u0131l ve bu zaman i\u00e7in imam k\u0131ld\u0131. Ve insanlar\u0131 karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmam i\u00e7in m\u00fcceddid olarak g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n

                  Gulam Ahmet \u0130dmam\u00fcl Hacci isimli eserinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sayfas\u0131nda mendi ve mesihlikle ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n

                  Rabbim bana bildirdi. Beni bu yy. m\u00fcceddidi k\u0131ld\u0131. Onlar\u0131n bekledikleri Mesihul Mevut ve Elmehdiyul Mevut sensin ve biz seni Mesih ibni Meryem k\u0131ld\u0131k.<\/p>\n

                  Mutlu Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Mezheplerin, Peygamberimizin (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem) vefat\u0131ndan sonra nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam etmeyen hak mezhepleri, mezheplerin olu\u015fumunda ayetlerden, hadislerden, \u00f6rf ve adetlerden kaynaklanan etkiler, d\u00f6rt mezhep imam\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131saca hayatlar\u0131, Haricilik, \u015eial\u0131k, Cebriye, Mutezile, Kaderiyye, M\u00fcsebille, Vehhabilik, Bahailik mezhepleri ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 inceleniyor. Mezheplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 Peygamberimiz (sallallahu aleyhi vesellem)’in vefat\u0131ndan sonra olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Peygamberimiz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,540],"tags":[948,946,949,947,945,944],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2827"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2827"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2829,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2827\/revisions\/2829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}