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{"id":2843,"date":"2015-05-27T19:30:35","date_gmt":"2015-05-27T19:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2843"},"modified":"2015-08-29T19:15:45","modified_gmt":"2015-08-29T19:15:45","slug":"2843","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/2843\/","title":{"rendered":"Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tabiin d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcy\u00fck simalar\u0131ndan ve saliha kad\u0131n olma \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131yla sahibi olan Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in do\u011fum tarihi kaynak eserlerde kesin olarak belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Bununla beraber onun 101 hicri y\u0131l\u0131nda 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir.Buna g\u00f6re Hafsa hicri 31. y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tarih Hz. Osman’\u0131n halifeli\u011fi d\u00f6nemine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. \u0130lim irfan merkezlerinden biri olan Basra’da yeti\u015fmesi ve S\u00eer\u00een ailesine mensub olmas\u0131 Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een i\u00e7in ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nimet oldu\u011funu ve onun da bu nimetin k\u0131ymetini iyi de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini ifade etmek mecburiyetindeyiz.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een gerek ana ve gerekse baba cihetiyle m\u00fctevazi ve kutlu bir aileden gelmektedir. Hafsa’n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 S\u00eer\u00een’dir. S\u00eer\u00een Sahabe-i Kiram’dan Hz. Enes b. Malik’in azatl\u0131 k\u00f6lesidir. Anas\u0131 ise Safiyye’dir. O da yine Hz. Ebu Bekir Efendimizin azatl\u0131 k\u00f6lesidir. Basra’l\u0131 olan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kad\u0131n hem ana hem de baba taraf\u0131ndan sahabe terbiyesi alm\u0131\u015f bir ailenin nur ikliminde ne\u015f’et etmi\u015f g\u00fcnahtan ve g\u00fcnah d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden uzak olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Zaten S\u00eer\u00een ailesi edeb ve terbiyenin zirvede ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir aile idi. Hemen hemen ailenin b\u00fct\u00fcn ferdleri o ilim ve feyiz menba\u0131 olan aileden nasibini alm\u0131\u015f kimselerdi. Mesela S\u00eer\u00een’in o\u011flu Muhammed’in edebinden anas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda konu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ahmed b. Hanbel rivayet etmektedir. \u0130bn-i Sa’d’\u0131n nakline g\u00f6re Safiyye’nin S\u00eer\u00een’den Muhammed Yahya Hafsa Kerime ve \u00dcmm\u00fc S\u00fcleym isimli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Hafsa’d\u0131r.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in yeti\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zelliklerine biraz dikkat edilecek olunursa g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir ki \u0130sl\u00e2m dininin temel kaynak eserleri olan tefsir hadis f\u0131k\u0131h ve bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlerin tedvin d\u00f6nemi bu d\u00f6nemdir. Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu as\u0131rda ibadet u taat z\u00fchd \u00fc takva ve Allah’\u0131n istedi\u011fi gibi ya\u015fama arzusu da zirvede idi. Halk\u0131yla idarecisiyle y\u00f6netici ve y\u00f6netileni ile kad\u0131n erkek herkesin m\u00fc\u015fterek bir hayat tarz\u0131 vard\u0131. O da: \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa mutluluk ve saadet getirmek \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilen \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini en m\u00fckemmel ve en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmek ve ya\u015famak.
\nBu yaz\u0131da tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een Allah’\u0131n Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’de: “Ben cinleri de insanlar\u0131 da (ba\u015fka bir hikmetle de\u011fil) ancak bana kulluk etsinler diye yaratt\u0131m” (Z\u00e2riyat 51\/56.) beyan buyurdu\u011fu \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemenin sanki kendisi i\u00e7in nazil oldu\u011funa kat’\u00ee iman etmi\u015f ve o kanaatle daha hayata g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7ar a\u00e7maz Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’i \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00e2mil bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u0131z\u0131 ve han\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l olurmu\u015f onu cihana g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim Hafsa Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’i 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fczel bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti; bu \u00f6\u011frenme onu sadece y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okuma \u015feklinde de\u011fildi. Tabiin d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcy\u00fck imamlar\u0131ndan olan Hafsa’n\u0131n karde\u015fi Muhammed b. S\u00eer\u00een Kur’\u00e2n okumada veya anlamada herhangi bir m\u00fc\u015fkilatla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman: “Gidiniz onu Hafsa’ya sorunuz nas\u0131l okundu\u011funu ondan \u00f6\u011freniniz.” diyerek Kur’\u00e2n hakk\u0131ndaki geni\u015f ve derin ilmini ve istifade edilmesi gerekti\u011fini b\u00f6ylece ortaya koymu\u015ftur.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een ibadet \u00fc taat\u0131yla f\u0131k\u0131h ilmini bilmesi ve Kur’\u00e2n k\u0131raat\u0131yla \u00e7ok me\u015fhur oldu\u011funun yan\u0131s\u0131ra hadis sahas\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilgiye ve \u00fcne sahipti. Onun hakk\u0131nda hadis sahas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limlerinden \u0130bnu Ma\u00een “Hafsa sika ve h\u00fcccet olan bir insand\u0131r” demi\u015ftir. Hadis erbab\u0131nca bu ifadenin bir hadis \u00e2limi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n referans ve itimat edilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar k\u0131ymet ifade etti\u011fi izahtan varestedir.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een hadis ilmini umumiyetle karde\u015fi Yahya Enes b. Malik \u00dcmmi Atiyye el-Ensariyye \u00dcmm\u00fc’r-Raih Eb\u00fc’l-Alivye gibi zatlardan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve rivayette bulunmu\u015ftur. Kendisinden de karde\u015fi Muhammed b. S\u00eer\u00een Katade As\u0131m el-Ahvel Eyyub Halid \u0130bnu’l-Avn Hi\u015fam b. Hassan gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck hadis alimleri feyiz alm\u0131\u015f ve rivayette bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hafsa’n\u0131n hadis rivayeti ve hadis bilgisi hakk\u0131nda gerek Yahya b. Main’in gerekse Ahmed b. Abdillah’\u0131n “sika ve h\u00fcccettir” demi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ile \u0130bn-i Hibban’\u0131n Sikat isimli eserinde ona yer vermesi onun hadis mevzuunda da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131ymet-i ilmiyyesinin oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. K\u00fct\u00fcb-i Sitte imamlar\u0131 Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in rivayetlerine eserlerinde yer vermi\u015flerdir.
\nTemel kaynak eserleri Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in ibadet \u00fc taat\u0131 mevzuunda bize \u015fu malumat\u0131 vermektedirler. Mehdi b. Meymun onun ibadete olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle dile getirir: “Hafsa bnt. S\u00eer\u00een bir yerde otuz sene ikamet etti de geceleri uyku uyumad\u0131. Uyku ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ise g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fle \u00fczeri bir iki saat istirahat ederek giderirdi. \u00c7ok zaruri olmadan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaz ve bo\u015f vakit ge\u00e7irmezdi. Be\u015feri ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gidermek ve biraz dinlenmek \u00fczere namazg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 ancak terkederdi.”
\nDemek ki Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een bir yerde otuz y\u0131l ikamet ediyor da namaz yerini terketti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een bu hareketiyle ibadet \u00fc taata d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar Allah’\u0131n kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in emretti\u011fi tesett\u00fcr meselesine de ne kadar ehemmiyet verdi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. “Bir yerde durmak ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamakla tesett\u00fcr\u00fcn ne alakas\u0131 vard\u0131r.” sorusu hat\u0131ra gelebilir. Bu hususa k\u0131saca de\u011finmenin faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim: Malumdur ki tesett\u00fcr\u00fc iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlamak gerekir. Bunlardan esas olan\u0131 ve birincisi: Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fer’i mazereti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p dola\u015fmamas\u0131; ikincisi ise zaruret has\u0131l oldu\u011fu zaman d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekirse Allah’\u0131n istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde tesett\u00fcr\u00fcne riayet ederek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tesett\u00fcr\u00fcn birinci \u015fekli i\u00e7in Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r: ” (Vakar ile) evlerinizde oturunuz. Evvelki cahiliyyet (devri kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131la d\u00f6k\u00fcle s\u00fcslerini g\u00f6stere g\u00f6stere) y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc gibi y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyin. Namaz\u0131 dosdo\u011fru k\u0131l\u0131n zekat\u0131 verin Allah’a ve Res\u00fbl\u00fcne itaat edin. Ey ehl-i beyit Allah sizden ancak kiri gidermek ve sizi tertemiz yapmak ister.” (el-Ahzab 33\/33)
\nKad\u0131nlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya ziyneti ve d\u00fcnya mal\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinden kendisinde asla bir istek bulunmayan Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een d\u00fcnyaya de\u011fer vermedi\u011fi gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n aldat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcteyakk\u0131z olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini etraf\u0131nda bulunan insanlara ve gelecek nesillere hat\u0131rlatmada olduk\u00e7a \u0131srarl\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini bizzat kendi hayat\u0131nda da tatbik eden Hafsa’n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in bir kefen haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bunu hac ve umre yapmak istedi\u011fi zaman giydi\u011fini ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n son on g\u00fcn\u00fc geldi\u011fi zaman da onu giyerek gece sabahlara kadar ibadet etti\u011fini nakletmektedirler. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 kapal\u0131 olan bu allame abide ve zahide b\u00fcy\u00fck kad\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fmesine vesile olan insan\u00ee ve \u0130slam\u00ee de\u011ferlerimize g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kad\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z ve erke\u011fimizle ne kadar muhtac\u0131z!
\nGen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli tavsiyelerde bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Hi\u015fam b. Hassan \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een bize \u015f\u00f6yle tavsiyede bulunurdu. Gen\u00e7li\u011finizde kendinize sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n\u0131z ve ibadetlerinizi aksatmay\u0131n\u0131z. Zira ben amellerin en g\u00fczelinin gen\u00e7likte yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyim. Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een bir taraftan gen\u00e7lere bu rivayeti yaparken kendisi de \u00e7ok ibadet yapmakla hem asr\u0131ndaki insanlara hem de kendisinden sonraki gelecek nesillerin erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur. Mesela kendisinin bir gecede Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’in yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 okudu\u011funu Ramazan bayram\u0131 ile Kurban bayram\u0131ndaki te\u015frik g\u00fcnleri hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn seneyi oru\u00e7lu olarak ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi rivayeti ise ak\u0131llara durgunluk vermektedir. Allah korkusundan \u00e7ok gecelerini a\u011flayarak ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi rivayeti de b\u00fct\u00fcn kaynak eserlerde nakledilmektedir. Nitekim Hi\u015fam b. Hassan \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een Sindli oldu\u011funu tahmin etti\u011fim bir cariye sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ona sahibinden memnun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulmu\u015ftu da o \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015fti: “Sahibim \u00e7ok saliha bir kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancak onun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah\u0131 vard\u0131r. O da b\u00fct\u00fcn geceyi a\u011flayarak ve namaz k\u0131larak ge\u00e7irmesidir. Hafsa b. G\u0131yas As\u0131mu’l-Ahval’den Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini rivayet etmi\u015ftir: Enes b. Malik bana: Ne ile \u00f6lmeyi seversin? diye sordu. Ben: “Taundan.” diye cevap verdim. Sonra o taun her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u00e7in \u015fehidlik mertebesidir diye ilave etti.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in rivayette bulundu\u011fu insanlardan irisi de \u00dcmm\u00fc Atiyye’dir. N\u00fcseybe binti Ka’b olarak da bilinen bu muhtereme sahabiye kad\u0131n Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem’e biat eden kad\u0131nlardan birisidir. Hatibu Tirmizi bu kad\u0131n\u0131n hasta tedavi eden bir doktor yaralan tedavi eden bir cerrah oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Efendimiz’in han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan Hz. Zeyneb’in cenazesini bu sahabiye kad\u0131n y\u0131kam\u0131\u015f ve Efendimiz’den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirleri titizlikle yerine getirmi\u015ftir. Peygamber Efendimiz’den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu emirleri \u00fcmmete de teker teker rivayet etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu mevzuda \u00dcmm\u00fc Atiyye hadisi f\u0131kh\u0131n “\u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc y\u0131kama” bab\u0131nda en emin ve g\u00fcvenilir merci olmu\u015ftur. \u00dcmmi Atiyye hadisi iki karde\u015fin rivayeti etraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmaktad\u0131r. Bu iki ki\u015fi S\u00eer\u00een’in o\u011flu Muhammed b. S\u00eer\u00een ile K\u0131z\u0131 Hafza binti S\u00eer\u00een’dir. Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in hadisleri Buhari’de karde\u015fi Muhammed b. S\u00eer\u00een’in h\u0131fzetmedi\u011fi cihetleri tamamlamaktad\u0131r.
\nYeniden dirili\u015fimizin manev\u00ee mimarlar\u0131 olan aile yuvas\u0131 kurmak \u00fczere hayata haz\u0131rlanan gen\u00e7 k\u0131z ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kendilerine rehber olarak kabul etmeleri temennisiyle o b\u00fcy\u00fck kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hayat\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi \u00fcmidini hi\u00e7 yitirmedik.
\nHafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’lerin \u015fad olsun.
\nAli Hayran, Temmuz-A\u011fustos-Eyl\u00fcl 1994 Yeni \u00dcmit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tabiin d\u00f6neminin b\u00fcy\u00fck simalar\u0131ndan ve saliha kad\u0131n olma \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131yla sahibi olan Hafsa binti S\u00eer\u00een’in do\u011fum tarihi kaynak eserlerde kesin olarak belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Bununla beraber onun 101 hicri y\u0131l\u0131nda 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir.Buna g\u00f6re Hafsa hicri 31. y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tarih Hz. Osman’\u0131n halifeli\u011fi d\u00f6nemine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. \u0130lim irfan merkezlerinden biri olan Basra’da yeti\u015fmesi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[960,1098,959,36,103,614],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2843"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2845,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2843\/revisions\/2845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}