Dinin tan\u0131m\u0131, kayna\u011f\u0131 ve dinlerin tarihi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130lkel kabile dinleri, milli dinler, Konfi\u00e7yusizm, Taoizm, \u015eintoizm, eski T\u00fcrk inan\u00e7lar\u0131, Hinduizm, Cayinizm, Sihizm, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, Budizm, \u0130lahi dinler, Yahudilik ve bunlar\u0131n prensipleri hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler veriyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00ceN<\/p>\n
L\u00fcgat Anlam\u0131: Cez\u00e2, m\u00fck\u00e2fat, ib\u00e2ret, \u00e2det, h\u00e2l, vb. h\u00fck\u00fcm, hesap, it\u00e2at, boyun e\u011fme, \u015fer\u00eeat, k\u00e2nun, yol, mezhep, millet<\/p>\n
D\u00een’in T\u00e2rifi: D\u00een, kurallar\u0131 Y\u00fcce Allah taraf\u0131ndan konulan, peygamberler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile insanlara bildirilen, ak\u0131l s\u00e2hibi insanlar\u0131 kendi istekleri ile hay\u0131rl\u0131 olan \u015feylere sevk ederek d\u00fcny\u00e2 ve \u00e2hirette mutlulu\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131ran il\u00e2h\u00ee bir k\u00e2nundur.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00een \u015fu \u00d6zellikleri Ta\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Dinler T\u00e2rihi; d\u00eenleri yer ve zaman g\u00f6stererek inceler. D\u00een bilimi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de dinsiz topluma rastlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kutsal kitaplar d\u00eenin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk insana ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onu yaratan Allah’a ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u0130lkel kab\u00eelelerde dahi insanlar\u0131n ahl\u00e2k\u00ee \u00e2d\u00e2ba uyup-uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetleyen ve g\u00f6kte bulunan bir Tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Darvin insan\u0131n maymundan geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ,s\u00f6ylememi\u015f, ak\u0131ll\u0131 hayvan oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Evrimin ana g\u00e2yesi, bir yarat\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiya\u00e7 duymaks\u0131z\u0131n, k\u00e2in\u00e2t\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m’a g\u00f6re d\u00eenin kayna\u011f\u0131 vahiy ve n\u00fcb\u00fcvvettir. M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee’ye g\u00f6re insan vahiy ve n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet olmasa bile, insanlar\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131yla Allah’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulabilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m’a g\u00f6re ilk d\u00een “Tevh\u00eed D\u00eeni”dir ve kurucusu Y\u00fcce Allah’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130LKEL KAB\u00ceLE D\u0130NLER\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
l.Bir kab\u00eeleye mahs\u00fbsdur.<\/p>\n
2.Bu d\u00eenler mahall\u00ee \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
3.Kutsal kitaplar\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
4.Genellikle bir Y\u00fcce Tanr\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<\/p>\n
5.B\u00fcy\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcye \u00e7ok ilgi g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
M\u0130LL\u00ce D\u0130NLER<\/strong><\/p>\n A.Konfi\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck (Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm):<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7in’deki \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00eenden biridir. Bir \u00c7in atas\u00f6z\u00fc: “Her \u015feyin k\u00f6k\u00fc g\u00f6klerdedir. \u0130nsan\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc ise atalar\u0131ndad\u0131r” \u015feklindedir. M.\u00d6. 551-479 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Konfi\u00e7y\u00fcs, kendini ilme vermi\u015ftir. Eski \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc canland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00een\u00ee meseleler \u00fczerinde fazla konu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun ana g\u00e2yesi, \u00fclkenin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan siy\u00e2s\u00ee d\u00fczenini d\u00fczeltmekti.<\/p>\n Konfi\u00e7yanizmin B\u00e2z\u0131 Temel \u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n l.Atalara h\u00fcrmet, erdemlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 2.Tien ad\u0131 verilen y\u00fcce varl\u0131k, tabiat d\u00fczeninin id\u00e2recisidir.<\/p>\n 3.Kapal\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n cez\u00e2s\u0131z kalmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00e2hiret inanc\u0131.<\/p>\n 4.Tanr\u0131, huz\u00fbru sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenler g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Tanr\u0131 her \u015feyi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bilir.<\/p>\n 5.D\u00fcny\u00e2da be\u015f \u015feyi, her \u015feye uygulayabilmek yetene\u011fine “M\u00fckemmel erdem” denir. Bunlar “A\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, c\u00f6mertlik, sam\u00eemiyet, do\u011fruluk ve nez\u00e2ket”dir.<\/p>\n 6.\u00dcst\u00fcn insanlar do\u011frulu\u011fu, al\u00e7ak insanlar ise menfaatlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n B.Taoizm:<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu d\u00een, “Tao” kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcleri, r\u00e2hipleri, r\u00e2hibeleri ve d\u00een\u00ee \u015fefleri vard\u0131r. \u0130lkbahar bayram\u0131nda ate\u015f yak\u0131l\u0131r. Taoist r\u00e2hipler yar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak durumda, ate\u015fe pirin\u00e7 ve tuz at\u0131p` ko\u015farak \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erler. Taoizmin kurucusu, Lao Tse’dir. M.\u00d6. 604 vey\u00e2 570 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131.<\/p>\n Taoizm’in Prensipleri:<\/p>\n Tao, \u00e2lemden \u00f6nceki yarat\u0131c\u0131 prensiptir. O, g\u00f6r\u00fclemez, i\u015fitilemez ve kavranamaz. O, ezel\u00ee. ve ebed\u00eedir. Kendilii\u015finden vard\u0131r. Her yerde h\u00e2z\u0131r ve n\u00e2z\u0131rd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131 Tao meydana getirir. Tao kendini yormaz ve asl\u00e2 heyecanlanmaz. Taoizm’deki esas; k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u0131\u015f iyilikle muk\u00e2bele etmektir. \u00d6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 hayat hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k yoktur.<\/p>\n C.\u015eintoizm:<\/strong><\/p>\n “\u015einto” “Tanr\u0131lar Yolu” demektir. Japonya’da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eintoizm’de r\u00fbh ve tanr\u0131y\u0131, kutsal, acayip, s\u0131rl\u0131, korkulan, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc gibi varl\u0131klar\u0131 if\u00e2de i\u00e7in Rami kelimesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. R\u00fbhun \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6len herkes Rami olur. Ancak her kami, Tanr\u0131 olmayabilir. 8 Milyon Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eintoizm, bilinen anlamda put kullanmaz. Tanr\u0131lara, tap\u0131naklarda, sembollerden nesneler v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla tap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130b\u00e2det, du\u00e2 ve kurbanlardan ibarettir. Kamilere tap\u0131nma, du\u00e2 okumak, pirin\u00e7 ve pirin\u00e7 \u015farab\u0131 sunmakla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n ESK\u0130 T\u00dcRK \u0130NAN\u00c7LARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler, Budizm, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k, Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik gibi dinlerin, \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerine ters bulduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, devaml\u0131 olarak i\u00e7lerine girmemi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrklerin \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’i kab\u00fbldeki en \u00f6nemli noktas\u0131, onlar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 dev\u00e2m ettirmesidir. Kaynaklarda T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hepsinde tek Tanr\u0131 (G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131) inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131, hayat veren, yaratan, cez\u00e2land\u0131ran, yol g\u00f6steren mill\u00ee bir tanr\u0131 kab\u00fbl edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Eski T\u00fcrkler, \u00d6b\u00fcr d\u00fcny\u00e2da ikinci bir hay\u00e2t\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, burada iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verilece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ahl\u00e2k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zde-s\u00f6zde ve davran\u0131\u015flarda do\u011fruluktu. Yalan yere yemin etmek, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 aldatmak, yermek ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmezdi.<\/p>\n H\u0130NDU\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n Hint dinlerinin en yayg\u0131n\u0131 Hinduizmdir. M.\u00d6. 1500’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hinduizmin tanr\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k; yarat\u0131c\u0131 Brahma, koruyucu Vi\u015fnu ve yokedici \u015eiva’dan olu\u015fan bir \u00fc\u00e7leme vard\u0131r. Hinduizmde hul\u00fbl (Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n insan \u015eekline girmesi); ten\u00e2s\u00fch (r\u00fbhun bir bedenden \u00f6tekine ge\u00e7mesi) gibi inan\u00e7lar bulunur.<\/p>\n Hinduizmin en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, insanlar aras\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131f fark\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesidir. Din adam\u0131 ve bilginler en \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. Hinduizmde \u0130nek ve Gana Nehri, kutsal kab\u00fbl edilen varl\u0131klardand\u0131r. \u0130nek, yer, g\u00f6k ve hava \u00e2leminin anas\u0131 kab\u00fbl edilir. \u0130nekler yola yatarlarsa, yol ona g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenir. Onlar kesilmezler.<\/p>\n 1981’de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Hindistan’da d\u00f6rt kutsal ine\u011fi kestikleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahalleleri ate\u015fe verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130b\u00e2det sembol\u00fc Om’dur. \u0130b\u00e2det her yerde yap\u0131labilir. \u0130b\u00e2det ferd\u00eedir. Hint’li , sabah \u015eafaktan \u00f6nce kalkar, evde vey\u00e2 nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yapabilece\u011fi sabah ib\u00e2detine haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Tanr\u0131’s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 zikreder ve y\u0131kan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hindistan’da bitkilerle beslenenlerin vejetaryenlerin) say\u0131s\u0131 1\/4’d\u00fcr. Domuz eti yemezler. Tap\u0131naks\u0131z k\u00f6y yoktur. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar kad\u0131n, \u00f6len kocas\u0131yla birlikte yak\u0131l\u0131rken, \u015eimdi bu \u00e2det kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n CAY\u0130N\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n Hindistan’daki dinlerdendir. K\u00f6k\u00fc M.\u00d6. VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayan\u0131r. Brahmanizm’deki \u015fiddetli s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na tepki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00eene inananlar genellikle sebze ve meyve yerler. \u00d6ld\u00fcrme, yalan, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, \u015eehvete ve d\u00fcny\u00e2 nimetlerine d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fclenir. Tanr\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n S\u0130H\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n Hindistan’daki baz\u0131 geli\u015fmeler sonucu XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m ve Hinduizm kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir harekettir. Kurucusu Nanak’t\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 6-7 milyon civ\u00e2r\u0131nda mens\u00fbbu vard\u0131r. D\u00fcny\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde de mensuplar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Sihizm, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n birli\u011fi, ib\u00e2dette ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok\u00e7a tekr\u00e2r edilmesi, de\u011fi\u015fik kastlardaki (s\u0131n\u0131flardaki) insanlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi, putlara tap\u0131nman\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, karde\u015f\u00e7e sevginin \u00f6nemi, \u00f6lenin r\u00fbhunun ameline g\u00f6re yeni bir bedende d\u00fcny\u00e2ya gelece\u011fi gibi b\u00e2z\u0131 prensiplere dayan\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcleri yakma \u00e2detleri vard\u0131r. Sih’ler sigara ve i\u00e7ki i\u00e7mezler, e\u011fitime \u00f6nem verirler. \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131, yorucu bir hay\u00e2ta al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n ZERD\u00dc\u015eTL\u00dcK<\/strong><\/p>\n Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u00eelik, \u0130ran dinleri i\u00e7erisinde tek tanr\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f\u0131na yer vermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en dikkat \u00e7ekicisidir. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft’\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra insanlar onun kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mitra ve Anahita gibi tanr\u0131lara tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft, eski \u0130ran’a tevh\u00eed inanc\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft, \u0130sl\u00e2m kaynaklar\u0131nda H\u00fcrm\u00fcz olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Ahl\u00e2k\u00ee prensipler \u00fc\u00e7 maddede \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n 1.\u0130yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, 2.\u0130yi s\u00f6z, 3. \u0130yi i\u015f.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Hindistan’da say\u0131lar\u0131 bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n BUD\u0130ZM:<\/strong><\/p>\n Budizm’in kurucusu Budha (Buda), Gotama ad\u0131nda bir prenstir. Gotama, Nepal’in g\u00fcneyinde, ufak bir kasabada m\u00eel\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce 560 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcny\u00e2ya gelmi\u015ftir. Babas\u0131 bir kasaban\u0131n prensiydi.<\/p>\n Budizm, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, hay\u00e2t\u0131n ac\u0131 ve zevklerinden el \u00e7ekerek, k\u00e2mil ve olgun insan olmak yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran bir ahl\u00e2k felsefesi g\u00fcder. Budizm, VII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’in etkisi ile Hindistan’da s\u00e2dece Himalaya Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n eteklerinde kal\u0131rken, Sri Lanka, Siyam, Kambo\u00e7ya, \u00c7in Hindi ve Tibet’de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. D\u00f6rt temel ger\u00e7ek, Buda’n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f re\u00e7etesinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1.\u0130nsan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00e2hiyeti, ac\u0131, \u0131zd\u0131rap, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve doyumsuzluklarla doludur.<\/p>\n 2.Bu ac\u0131 ve \u0131zd\u0131r\u00e2b\u0131n sebebi, arzu ve ihtiraslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 3.Onlar\u0131n yok edilmesi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 4.\u0130nsan, kalbinde ya\u015famaya olan susamay\u0131 yok ederek, v\u00e2r olmaktan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmekten kurtulabilir. Bencilli\u011fi ile ber\u00e2ber, bireysel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kaybolur ve Nirvana’ya ula\u015f\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Nirvana, bireysel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yok olu\u015fu ve bunun ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ac\u0131 ve \u0131zd\u0131r\u00e2b\u0131n dinmesidir. Nirvana’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcren yol sekiz kola ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u0130nan\u00e7, \u0130r\u00e2de, S\u00f6z, Fiil, Ge\u00e7im V\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak, H\u00e2f\u0131za ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce’dir.<\/p>\n Budizm’de Yasaklananlar: \u00d6ld\u00fcrmek, \u00c7almak, Zin\u00e2, Yalan, Sarho\u015fluk Veren \u015feyler.<\/p>\n Budizm’de Emredilenler:<\/p>\n 1.Ac\u0131lara tevekk\u00fclle katlanmak<\/p>\n 2.Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dindirmek<\/p>\n 3.Hay\u0131r yapmak<\/p>\n 4.Merhametli olmak.<\/p>\n Buda’n\u0131n “Yarat\u0131c\u0131 Tanr\u0131” hakk\u0131nda ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. \u00c2hiret konusunda kutsal metinlerin ortaya koydu\u011fu net bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yoktur.<\/p>\n Buda, d\u00eenini tamamlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisinden 1000 y\u0131l kadar sonra gelecek olan Metteyya (Maitreya) ile tamamlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 if\u00e2de etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130L\u00c2H\u00ce D\u00ceNLER:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee D\u00een: Allah taraf\u0131ndan, peygamberler v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla insanl\u0131k \u00e2lemine g\u00f6nderilen, vahiy mahs\u00fbl\u00fc olan d\u00eenlere denir.<\/p>\n YAH\u00dbD\u00ceL\u0130K<\/strong><\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik, ya\u015fayan il\u00e2h\u00ee kaynakl\u0131 d\u00eenlerden en eskisi, fakat mens\u00fbbu en az olan\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 15-20 milyon civ\u00e2r\u0131nda Yah\u00fbd\u00ee vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6rt bu\u00e7uk milyonu \u0130sr\u00e2il’de, 6 milyonu ise Yah\u00fbd\u00ee n\u00fcf\u00fbsunun en yo\u011fun olud\u011fu, A.B.D.’de ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik, B\u00e2bil S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc’nden sonra mill\u00ee bir d\u00een h\u00e2line getirilmi\u015ftir. Asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik’in bir d\u00een mi, yoksa bir millet mi oldu\u011fu pek a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. Yah\u00fbd\u00eeli\u011fin Kutsal Kit\u00e2b\u0131 Tevr\u00e2t’\u0131n Balam Hik\u00e2yesi’nde \u015f\u00f6yle bir t\u00e2rif ge\u00e7mektedir:<\/p>\n “\u0130\u015fte, ayr\u0131ca oturan bir kavimdir ve milletler aras\u0131 say\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r:.<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00eeli\u011fin sembol\u00fc, Yedi kollu \u015famdan ve Alt\u0131 k\u00f6\u015feli Y\u0131ld\u0131z’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00ee: \u0130sh\u00e2k o\u011flu Ya’k\u00fbb’un on iki o\u011flu vard\u0131. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc o\u011flunun ad\u0131 Yuda vey\u00e2 Yahuda idi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onun ad\u0131na iz\u00e2feten \u0130sr\u00e2\u00eelo\u011fullar\u0131’na Yah\u00fbd\u00ee denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n a-Tevr\u00e2t’a G\u00f6re Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik:<\/p>\n b-Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’e G\u00f6re Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik:<\/p>\n Hz.M\u00fbs\u00e2 ve On Emir:<\/p>\n 1.Seni M\u0131s\u0131r diy\u00e2r\u0131ndan, esirlik evinden \u00e7\u0131karan Allah, Ben’im.<\/p>\n 2.Benden ba\u015fka tanr\u0131n olmayacak.<\/p>\n 3.Allah’\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015f yere a\u011fz\u0131na almayacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n 4.Cumartesi’yi kutsal k\u0131lacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n 5.Anne ve babana h\u00fcrmet edeceksin.<\/p>\n 6.\u00d6ld\u00fcrmeyeceksin.<\/p>\n 7.Zin\u00e2 yapmayacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n 8.\u00c7almayacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n 9.Yalan yere \u015f\u00e2hidlik yapmayacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n Tevr\u00e2t: Yah\u00fbd\u00eelerin kutsal kitap k\u00fclliy\u00e2t\u0131: Tanah ve Talmut \u015feklinde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tanah \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6y\u00fcmden olu\u015fur: Tora, Neviim ve Retuvim.<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019e g\u00f6re Tevr\u00e2t: Tevr\u00e2t kelimesi Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem’de 18 yerde ge\u00e7er. Fakat Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’lerin Tevr\u00e2t’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini ve verdi\u011fi bilgileri gizlediklerini, de\u011fi\u015ftirdiklerini, bile bile has\u00ees menfaatleri u\u011fruna bu yola gittiklerini bildirir. Bu y\u00fczden Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, Tevr\u00e2t’\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 (hi\u00e7 bozulmam\u0131\u015f \u015feklini) kab\u00fbl eder.<\/p>\n Talmut: Talmut, \u00f6\u011frenim m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan ikinci Metine denir. Daha sonra yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilmi\u015ftir. Talmut, Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’ler indinde Tevr\u00e2t kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Onun da ilh\u00e2m ve vahiy kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kab\u00fbl edilir. Talmut iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Mi\u015fna ve Gemara. Mi\u015fna, ahl\u00e2k\u00ee kurallar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Gemora da, Mi\u015fna’n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00ee Kutsal Kit\u00e2b\u0131nda Tahr\u00eef Belirtileri<\/strong><\/p>\n En eski n\u00fcshalar M.S. VII ve X. y\u00fczy\u0131la \u00e2ittir. Tevr\u00e2t tek n\u00fcshayd\u0131, ezberleme yetene\u011fi yoktu, \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’lere \u00e2it \u0130br\u00e2n\u00eece Hristiyan’lara \u00e2it Yunanca ve S\u00e2mir\u00ee’lere \u00e2it S\u00e2mir\u00ee dilinde metinler birbirini tutmamaktad\u0131r. Mis\u00e2l:<\/p>\n 1.Hz.M\u00fbs\u00e2’ya nisbet edilen Tevr\u00e2t’\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2.Hz.L\u00fbt’u k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015farap i\u00e7irerek sarho\u015f etmeleri ve onunla zin\u00e2 etmeleri yeral\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Yah\u00fbd\u00ee Mezhepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’ler, Y\u00e2h\u00fbd\u00eeli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlara uydurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n a.Ortodoks Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik<\/strong>: Di\u011fer mezheblerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mezhep, Ferisilik’le ba\u015flayan ve Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik’le geli\u015fen ana ak\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortodoks inan\u00e7ta, Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’lerin Tevr\u00e2t’\u0131n k\u00e2nunlar\u0131na uymad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildikleri yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n b.Reformist Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik<\/strong>: XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Alman Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’leri aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerika Yah\u00fbd\u00eeleri aras\u0131nda me\u015fhurdur. Bug\u00fcn Reformist Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik, l\u00e2ikle\u015fmi\u015f Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n c.Muh\u00e2fazak\u00e2r Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik<\/strong>: Reformist Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik’e tepki olarak do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Yap\u0131 itib\u00e2r\u0131yla Ortodoks Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik’in Amerikan versiyonudur. en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, Siyonist olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n d.Yeniden Yap\u0131la\u015fmac\u0131 Yah\u00fbd\u00eelik<\/strong>.1983’de 102 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6len bir Amerikan Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’si olan, Kaplan isimli bir \u015fah\u0131s kurmu\u015ftur. Kaplan, Yah\u00fbd\u00eeli\u011fi, Yah\u00fbd\u00ee halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011feri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra dirilmeyi, \u00e2hireti reddeder. Mes\u00eeh\u00e7ilik’i kab\u00fbl etmez.<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00eelikte \u0130nan\u00e7 Esaslar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n Tevr\u00e2t’da iki yerde ge\u00e7en On Emir’de, inan\u00e7 konular\u0131ndan s\u00e2dece Allah’a \u00eem\u00e2n meselesi \u00fczerinde durulur. Di\u011fer \u00eeman esaslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir:<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00eeli\u011fin \u0130nan\u00e7 Esaslar\u0131:<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’ler Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n kendilerini se\u00e7ti\u011fine ve Hz.M\u00fbs\u00e2’n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda onlarla ahitle\u015fti\u011fine inan\u0131rlar. Allah\u2019\u0131 Mill\u00ee Tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Allah’a yorulmak ve dinlenmek gibi s\u0131fatlar verirler. M\u00fbsev\u00ee’likde \u00e2hiret inanc\u0131 kapal\u0131 olup, melek ve kader inanc\u0131 da \u00e7o\u011funlukla kab\u00fbl edilir.<\/p>\n Yah\u00fbd\u00ee’ler ib\u00e2detlerini Sinagog ad\u0131 verilen mabetlerinde yaparlar. G\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 vakit ib\u00e2det yap\u0131l\u0131r. En \u00f6nemli ib\u00e2detleri Tevr\u00e2t levhalar\u0131n\u0131 okumakt\u0131r. Erkekler kipa ile ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rterler. Cen\u00e2zeler y\u0131kan\u0131p, kefene sar\u0131l\u0131r ve topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr. Erkek \u00e7ocuklar, do\u011fumdan sekiz g\u00fcn sonra s\u00fcnnet edilir. \u0130b\u00e2det g\u00fcnleri Cumartesi’dir. Domuz, tek t\u0131rnakl\u0131, vah\u015f\u00ee ve kanlar\u0131 akmam\u0131\u015f hayvanlar\u0131, midye, istiridye gibi kabuklu deniz hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 yemek yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ocak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Genel De\u011ferlendirme: Dinin tan\u0131m\u0131, kayna\u011f\u0131 ve dinlerin tarihi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130lkel kabile dinleri, milli dinler, Konfi\u00e7yusizm, Taoizm, \u015eintoizm, eski T\u00fcrk inan\u00e7lar\u0131, Hinduizm, Cayinizm, Sihizm, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, Budizm, \u0130lahi dinler, Yahudilik ve bunlar\u0131n prensipleri hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiler veriyor. D\u00ceN L\u00fcgat Anlam\u0131: Cez\u00e2, m\u00fck\u00e2fat, ib\u00e2ret, \u00e2det, h\u00e2l, vb. h\u00fck\u00fcm, hesap, it\u00e2at, boyun e\u011fme, \u015fer\u00eeat, k\u00e2nun, yol, mezhep, millet D\u00een’in …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,540],"tags":[993,994,999,990,992,997,991,996,995,998,612],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2896"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2898,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions\/2898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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