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{"id":2922,"date":"2015-06-16T12:47:25","date_gmt":"2015-06-16T12:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2922"},"modified":"2015-06-16T12:47:25","modified_gmt":"2015-06-16T12:47:25","slug":"kadin-erkek-iliskilerinde-nikahin-yeri-ve-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/kadin-erkek-iliskilerinde-nikahin-yeri-ve-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kad\u0131n-Erkek \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Nik\u00e2h\u0131n Yeri ve \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"N<\/span>ik\u00e2h konusunun dindeki yerini anlamak, be\u015fer\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ba\u015ftan belirtelim ki, modern d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 rasyonellikle a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 isabetli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ya d\u00fcrt\u00fcleri ya da inan\u00e7lar\u0131 belirler. Ak\u0131llar\u0131 da bu esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fur ve geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Bu demektir ki, sadece davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fil, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fer h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyici olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizin de kayna\u011f\u0131, ya d\u00fcrt\u00fclerimiz veya inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Yani bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc olarak nitelememiz de son tahlilde inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131za veya d\u00fcrt\u00fclerimize dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Y\u00fcce Allah\u2019\u0131n: \u201cE\u011fer hak, onlar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc arzu ve isteklerine uysayd\u0131, mutlaka g\u00f6kler ve yer ile bunlarda bulunan kimseler bozulur giderdi…\u2019(M\u00fc\u2019min\u00fbn suresi, 23\/71) <\/strong>beyan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli buluyoruz.<\/p>\n

Nik\u00e2h akdi de insan nev\u2019inin il\u00e2h\u00ee yard\u0131m almak zorunda oldu\u011fu konulardan biridir. \u00d6ncelikle iki kar\u015f\u0131t cinsin birbirinden yararlanmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi, nik\u00e2h akdini gerektirir mi? Bu akit, taraflara hangi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri y\u00fckler? Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ihmal edilmesi h\u00e2linde uygulanacak m\u00fceyyideler nelerdir? Bu ve benzeri konularda modern d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen ahl\u00e2k ve hukuk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dil kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n aile kurumuna ili\u015fkin en ciddi problemi budur: Belirsizlik. Mu\u011flakl\u0131k ve bu durumun tabi\u00ee bir neticesi olarak hiyerar\u015fik bo\u015fluk ve kaos.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda nik\u00e2h akdi, din\u00ee bir d\u00fczenlemedir ve rasyonalite ile a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Y\u00fcce Allah nik\u00e2hlanmay\u0131 emretmi\u015f, Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) bu emri hem uygulam\u0131\u015f hem de \u00fcmmetini bu konuda uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca nik\u00e2h s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle birbirine hel\u00e2l olan e\u015fler aras\u0131nda \u00fclfet, \u00fcnsiyet, muhabbet, merhamet ve \u015fefkat duygular\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 vaat etmi\u015f, bunu da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kudretinin ve vahdaniyetinin \u00e2yetlerinden\/simgelerinden ve i\u015faretlerinden biri olarak beyan buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u201cKayna\u015fman\u0131z i\u00e7in size kendi (cinsi)nizden e\u015fler yarat\u0131p aran\u0131zda sevgi ve merhamet peyd\u00e2 etmesi de O\u2019nun (varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n) delillerindendir. Do\u011frusu bunda, iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir kavim i\u00e7in ibretler vard\u0131r.\u201d (R\u00fbm S\u00fbresi, 21)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu iman sebebiyle Muhammed \u00fcmmeti aras\u0131nda, her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkilerinde de bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fmu\u015f ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imleri me\u015fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler ancak nik\u00e2h s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle bir araya gelebilirler. Ve bu bir araya geli\u015f ile aile denen kurum olu\u015fur. Bu kurumun da hem kurulu\u015funda hem i\u015fleyi\u015finde bir tak\u0131m kurallara riayet edilir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, yani il\u00e2h\u00ee ve nebev\u00ee kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kurallara riayet edilmesi h\u00e2linde, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131 \u201ccennet\u201d olmaz; yine bir tak\u0131m s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, mihnetler ve me\u015fakkatler ya\u015fan\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu hayat imtihan meydan\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak be\u015fer\u00ee m\u00fcdahaleler sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kaos\/kriz\/buhran\/bunal\u0131m gibi depresif rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde rastlanmaz.<\/p>\n

Bendeniz bu tebli\u011fimde zikredece\u011fim konular\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele almak niyetindeyim:<\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Modern d\u00f6nemde de\u011fi\u015fen nik\u00e2h ve aile alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6zellikle \u00fcniversite gen\u00e7li\u011fini ciddi bi\u00e7imde etkisi alt\u0131na alan \u201cgizli nik\u00e2h\u201d meselesi.<\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00fct\u2019a, yani ge\u00e7ici nik\u00e2h konusu.<\/p>\n

Modern D\u00f6nemde De\u011fi\u015fen Nik\u00e2h ve Aile Alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Yol A\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda, be\u015fer\u00ee m\u00fcdahaleler sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sevimsiz aile manzaralar\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri \u00fczerinde k\u0131saca durmak ve bu durumu h\u00e2z\u0131r\u00fbnun \u0131tt\u0131l\u00e2\u0131na sunmak istiyoruz. B\u00f6ylece hem ele\u015ftirilerini hem de katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 almak suretiyle, bu konunun k\u00fclfetini ve mihnetini payla\u015fmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Modern ailenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n temelinde \u015fu noktalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kanaatini ta\u015f\u0131maktay\u0131m:<\/p>\n

a- Cinsler aras\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> Y\u00fcce Allah, erkek ve di\u015fi olarak iki cins yaratm\u0131\u015fken, modern paradigma bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptal etmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k, kad\u0131n-erkek farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, her \u015feye ra\u011fmen bunda \u0131srar edenler marjinallikle su\u00e7lan\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00fcz\u00fclerek g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki, modern d\u00fcnya, ekonomik alanda elde etti\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckten yararlanarak, her alana n\u00fcfuz etmeye, hatta egemen olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, bu c\u00fcmleden olmak \u00fczere aile yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da yeniden in\u015fa etmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunu yaparken, ard\u0131ndan da kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flama iddias\u0131yla, kad\u0131n\u0131 da erkek kadar sorumlu tutmu\u015ftur. Bu durum ise kad\u0131n\u0131n da erkek gibi her y\u00fck\u00fcn alt\u0131na girmesi sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015f, tabiatiyle, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinde bir tak\u0131m bozulmalar olmu\u015f ve erkekle\u015fme temay\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, tabi\u00ee olarak erke\u011fin karakterini de etkilemi\u015f ve o da kad\u0131nla\u015fma temay\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u201cKad\u0131n Erkekle\u015fince\u201d adl\u0131 tiyatro oyununda tam da bu nokta canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve oyunun kad\u0131n kahraman\u0131 Nebahat han\u0131m\u0131n kocas\u0131 Ali S\u00fcreyya\u2019ya s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zler meselenin \u00f6zetini ortaya koymu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

\u201cikimizin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 para da hemen hemen birbirine e\u015fit… i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00fcz y\u0131l kad\u0131n\u0131 erkekle\u015ftiriyor… Mademki biz erkek i\u015flerine at\u0131l\u0131yoruz. Siz erkekler neden kad\u0131n hizmetine el s\u00fcrmekten \u00e7ekiniyorsunuz? … Kad\u0131n\u0131n erkekle\u015fmesi biraz da erke\u011fin kad\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez mi? \u0130\u015f dengesi ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc nas\u0131l d\u00fczelebilir? (s. 69)<\/p>\n

\u015eimdilik s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine itibar edilir \u00e7evreler bu konuya mesafeli durduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sanki bir problem te\u015fkil etmiyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, hakikatte \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir mesele ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011fumuz, izahtan varestedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc nik\u00e2htan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in iki farkl\u0131 cinsin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek gerekir. Y\u00fcce Allah\u2019\u0131n, \u00e2yetlerinden\/sembollerinden biri olarak sundu\u011fu \u201ckendi (cinsi)mizden e\u015fler yarat\u0131p aram\u0131zda sevgi ve merhamet peyd\u00e2 etmesi\u201d ancak bu suretle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bunun anlam\u0131, cinslerin, kendi cinsiyet \u00f6zelliklerini korumalar\u0131 ve o konuda herhangi bir yozla\u015fmaya imk\u00e2n vermemeleridir.<\/p>\n

b- Kef\u00e2et:<\/strong> Erke\u011fin baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan kad\u0131ndan geri olmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir ve \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131kh\u0131nda kad\u0131n taraf\u0131n\u0131n hukukunu koruyucu bir \u015fart olarak konulmu\u015ftur. Bunun i\u00e7in de esas itibariyle erke\u011fin evlenece\u011fi kad\u0131ndan bu y\u00f6nlerden daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir durumda bulunmamas\u0131 gerekir. Erke\u011fin kad\u0131ndan daha iyi bir seviyede bulunmas\u0131 ise kad\u0131n\u0131n lehine bir durum olup, denkli\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Kef\u00e2et konusunda en kat\u0131 kriterleri koyanlar, Hanefiler olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu mezhep kad\u0131na, velisinin izni olmadan nik\u00e2nlanma yetkisi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kad\u0131n kef\u00e2et konusunda yeterli duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetmez ve ailesinin de iznini almadan evlenirse, veliye bu akdi feshetme hakk\u0131, yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu kadar var ki g\u00fc-n\u00fcm\u00fczde bu \u015fart da yeterince g\u00f6zetilmemekte, art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan kocas\u0131ndan daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 veya kariyer sahibi kad\u0131nlar, daha iyi \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

c- Hiyerar\u015fi:<\/strong> Ailede reis, erkektir. Ancak, reislik, yetki kullanmak de\u011fil, sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmektir. Yetki kullanmak ise, sadece sorumlulu\u011funu yerine getirmeye yetecek miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn riyaset makamlar\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n

d- G\u00f6rev taksimi:<\/strong> Erkek, nafaka y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n ise sadece kocas\u0131na hizmet y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na sokulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece kad\u0131n ve erkek birbirine madd\u00ee ve hiss\u00ee ba\u011flarla da ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu esaslara riayet edilerek kurulan bir ailede, mihnet ve me\u015fakkatlerin asgar\u00ee seviyede kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz modern hayat, bu kanaatimizi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da peki\u015ftirmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc modern insan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsedi\u011fi ve reddetti\u011fi aile d\u00fczeninden daha sa\u011flam ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kura-bilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn e\u011fitimli, varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve hatta kariyer sahibi bireyleri da-hi, \u00fcmm\u00ee annelerinin ve \u00fcmm\u00ee babalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131 ailev\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 ortaya koyamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 herhalde kabul ederler. Ne var ki bu durumu sorgulamay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler. H\u00e2lbuki art\u0131k bu durumun sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131n vakti \u00e7oktan gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz sorgulamaya bir ilk ad\u0131m olarak k\u0131saca i\u015farette bulunmam\u0131z gerekirse \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f hayat\u0131na at\u0131lmas\u0131yla bir zihniyet devrimi ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u201cma\u015fa kadar eri olan\u0131n pa\u015fa kadar yeri olur” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yerine, \u201ci\u015f, maa\u015f ve bordro g\u00fcvencesi” ik\u00e2me edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun tabi\u00ee bir sonucu olarak da kad\u0131nlar, kocalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok patronlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenmek ve y\u00f6nelmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olunca kad\u0131n\u0131n ilgisi, hizmeti ve h\u00fcrmeti birinci derecede patron merkezli bir karaktere b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum ise aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 maalesef olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemektedir. Yani modern kad\u0131n, kocas\u0131n\u0131 memnun etmekten ziyade patronunu memnun etmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n tabi\u00ee bir sonucu olarak, i\u015f hayat\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemeyi ba\u015faran kad\u0131n, aile hayat\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 bile g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemeye yana\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Mesela i\u015f hayat\u0131nda pedik\u00fcrc\u00fc olarak altm\u0131\u015f erke\u011fin \u00e7orab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ayak t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 kesen kad\u0131n, -ev han\u0131m\u0131 olsa ve kendisine \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir hayat standard\u0131 sa\u011flasa bile- kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7orab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyi akl\u0131n\u0131n ucundan ge\u00e7irmemektedir.<\/p>\n

e- Baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6z\u00fckmese de kanaatimce aile hayat\u0131m\u0131z ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli konulardan biri de, erkek cinsinin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeye mahk\u00fbm edilmesi sebebiyle, kolayca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131r bir konuma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. Modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n belirleyici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de bu olsa gerektir. En yayg\u0131n seyredilen medya organ\u0131 televizyon programlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen her t\u00fcr\u00fcnde erkekleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir dil kullanmak moda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Nitekim ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 iyi okudu\u011funu ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e ifade etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yazarlar da bu konuya dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdir. Mesela Can D\u00fcndar, erkeklik denilen ve as\u0131rlard\u0131r evlere, toplumlara h\u00fckmeden o koca da\u011f\u2019\u0131n, reklamc\u0131lar\u0131n, modac\u0131lar\u0131n, g\u00fczellik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, t\u00fcketim end\u00fcstrisinin elinde eritildi\u011finden \u015fik\u00e2yet etmekte, Fatma K. Barbaroso\u011flu, kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u015filli\u011fi i\u00e7inde azalan erkek kimli\u011fini yazarken \u201ci\u00e7inde mahpus kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, di\u015fil bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bu di\u015fil \u00f6zellikler en fazla erkek f\u0131trat\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor.\u201d iddias\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmekte ve kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u015filli\u011fine dikkat \u00e7eken Edgar Morin\u2019in, belirli refah d\u00fczeyine eri\u015fen toplumlarda k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kad\u0131ns\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak erkeklerin daha duygusal, daha yumu\u015fak ve daha zay\u0131f oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

f- B\u00fct\u00fcn bu karma\u015fadan kurtulabilmenin tek yolu olarak \u015fu inanc\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyim: Bu konu, insan denen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n akl\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbesiyle \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fi konulardan de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Y\u00fcce Allah ne kad\u0131nd\u0131r, ne erkektir; ne de \u00e7ocuk veya ebeveyndir; O, bunlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratan Allah\u2019t\u0131r (celle cel\u00e2luh\u00fb). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde ne kad\u0131n\u0131n veya erke\u011fin yan\u0131nda veya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r; ne ebeveynin veya \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ya da kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. O\u2019nun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri hem kad\u0131nlar, hem erkekler, hem ebeveynler hem de \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in en \u00e2dil, en ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 ve hakk\u00e2niyete en uyun oland\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizim konumumuzdaki kimselere d\u00fc\u015fen as\u0131l g\u00f6rev ise, Y\u00fcce Allah\u2019\u0131n ve O\u2019nun Sevgili Res\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) bu konulardaki emir ve tavsiyelerini d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e anlamak ve anlatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu vesile ile \u015fu hususu da arz etmek isterim: Modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n h\u00e2kim hususiyeti, sosyal konularda, yani insan\u00ee\/be\u015fer\u00ee problemlerde, dayanabilece\u011fi sabitelerden mahrum bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, bu durumu olumlamas\u0131, hatta kutsama derecesinde benimsemesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisini, de\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, ilerleme, geli\u015fme gibi kavramlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne \u00f6ylesine kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, bu konulara ait baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bile geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Yapabildi\u011fi tek \u015fey, mevcut be\u015fer\u00ee temay\u00fclleri yoklamak, bu alandaki istatistikleri de\u011ferlendirmek ve belli felsef\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ve belli d\u00fczeyde ekonomik g\u00fcce sahip \u00e7evrelerin arzu ve isteklerini antropoloji, sosyoloji ve psikoloji gibi disiplinlerin deste\u011fiyle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki m\u00fcmin insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 \u015fudur: \u0130nsan nev\u2019i, kendi hakk\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 karar verebilmesi i\u00e7in bir \u00fcst varl\u0131\u011fa muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. O varl\u0131k ona rehberlik etmeli, onun k\u0131lavuzu olmal\u0131, yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeli, k\u0131saca ona bir hayat tarz\u0131 belirlemelidir. Hem de insanlar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin mahiyet ve karakterini belirlemekle yetinmemeli, insan ile e\u015fya aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve bi\u00e7imini de belirlemelidir. Yani erkek-kad\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin me\u015fruiyet noktalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, insan ile alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin de me\u015fruiyet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemelidir. \u00d6zellikle bu iki \u00f6rne\u011fi zikretmemin sebebi, her tarihte ve her co\u011frafyada, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en a\u011f\u0131r iki imtihan konusu olmalar\u0131 sebebiyledir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle \u00dcniversite Gen\u00e7li\u011fini Ciddi Bi\u00e7imde Etkisi Alt\u0131na Alan \u201cGizli Nik\u00e2h \u201dMeselesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle iki \u015fahid huzurunda k\u0131y\u0131lan nik\u00e2h\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ile, ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan gizlemek maksad\u0131yla sadece iki \u015fahidin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerden saklanan ve gizlenen nik\u00e2h\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u015feyler oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Kaz\u00e2\/ hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki \u015fahidin \u015fehadetiyle k\u0131y\u0131lan nik\u00e2h\u0131n s\u0131hhatine k\u00e2il olurken, ba\u015fta aile olmak \u00fczere, yak\u0131n ve uzak \u00e7evreden gizlemek maksad\u0131yla ve bazen bu durumdan ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bahsetmemeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015fahitlere de telkinde bulunarak yap\u0131lan nik\u00e2h s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin, bu akdin \u00f6z\u00fcne\/cevherine\/ruhuna ve amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, bu y\u00fczden \u015fer\u2019an tecviz edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc:<\/p>\n

a- Hanefiler\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 mezhep, nik\u00e2h\u0131n s\u0131hhati i\u00e7in, de\u011fil yaln\u0131z velinin bilgisinin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fart ko\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Cumhur tabir edilen k\u00e2hir ekseriyetin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dayand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc deliller oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rda tutup, Hanefi mezhebine mensup m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da bu konuyu \u00f6nemsemeleri gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle baban\u0131n bilgisinden gizlenen bir evlili\u011fin s\u0131hhati kesinlikle savunulamaz.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda Hanefi mezhebinin kad\u0131na irade serbestli\u011fi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Ancak veliye, gerekli durumlarda evlili\u011fi feshettirme yetkisi tan\u0131narak kad\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 onu koruma esas\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

b- Nik\u00e2hta \u015fahitlerin haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r ve bu konuda icma (g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi) vard\u0131r. \u015eahitlerin olmas\u0131, nik\u00e2h\u0131n s\u0131hhat \u015fartlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Yani \u015fahitsiz nik\u00e2h ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. \u015eahitlerin haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n hikmetlerinden biri de nik\u00e2h\u0131n duyurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, \u015fahitlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, nik\u00e2h\u0131n duyurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ihtilaf vard\u0131r. \u0130mam Azam ve \u0130mam \u015eafii Hazretleri, \u015fahitlerle yap\u0131lan fakat ilan edilmeyen evlilik i\u00e7in \u201cmekruh olsa da sahihtir\u201d derken; \u0130mam Malik, \u015fahitlerin huzurunda yap\u0131lsa da halka ilan edilmeyen ve \u015fahitlere \u201cbu evlili\u011fimizi kimseye s\u00f6ylemeyin\u201d denilen nik\u00e2h\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Ona g\u00f6re, bu \u015fekilde evlenenlerin nik\u00e2h\u0131, yetkili merci taraf\u0131ndan bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durum, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) \u201cNik\u00e2h\u0131 ilan ediniz, onu mescidlerde akdediniz ve nik\u00e2hta def \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d emrine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (Tirmiz\u00ee, Nik\u00e2h 6)<\/strong> Bir di\u011fer hadislerinde Peygamber Efendimiz (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) \u015f\u00f6yle buyururlar: \u201cNik\u00e2hta, haramla hel\u00e2li birbirinden ay\u0131ran \u015fey, def \u00e7almak ve ses (\u00e7\u0131karmak)t\u0131r. \u201d <\/strong>Yani, o nik\u00e2h\u0131n ilan edilmesidir.<\/p>\n

c- \u0130htilafl\u0131 durumlarda ihtiyatl\u0131 olan\u0131 almak, dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gere\u011fidir. Yani f\u0131kh\u00ee bir meselede \u00e2limler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa, bu durumda ihtilaftan kurtulacak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc almak, daha uygun bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nik\u00e2h gibi hayat\u00ee bir konuda, baz\u0131 k\u00eel kavillerle amel etmeye y\u00f6nelmek son derece riskli bir durumdur.<\/p>\n

M\u00fct\u2019a (Ge\u00e7ici Nik\u00e2h) Konusu<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131hhatine dair bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00f6ylenenlerle ilgili olarak sadece \u015fu kadar\u0131na i\u015faret etmek istiyorum: Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere S\u00fcnn\u00ee mezheplerin tamam\u0131 m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n son kertede k\u0131yamete kadar yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015fler. Onlar bu konuda en a\u00e7\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc delil olarak er-Rab\u00ee b. Sebra el-C\u00fchen\u00ee\u2019nin rivayet etti\u011fi \u015fu hadise dayanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: R\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin babas\u0131 Sebra, Mekke fethinde Res\u00fblullah (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) ile beraber bulunmu\u015f, m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131 ruhsat\u0131ndan istifade etmi\u015f, b\u00f6yle bir nik\u00e2h i\u00e7inde ya\u015farken Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fitmi\u015ftir: \u201cEy insanlar! Sizin, kad\u0131nlardan m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131 ile faydalanman\u0131za izin vermi\u015ftim. Biliniz ki Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 bunu, k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, kimin yan\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir kad\u0131n varsa b\u0131raks\u0131n, onlara verdi\u011finiz mehirlerden hi\u00e7bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da geri almay\u0131n.” <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Eb\u00fb Hamza \u0130bn Abbas\u2019a kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fct\u2019as\u0131n\u0131 (yani m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131 ile kad\u0131nlardan faydalanmay\u0131) sordu\u011funu, onun da buna izin ve ruhsat verildi\u011fini bildirdi\u011fini naklettikten sonra \u015funu ilave etmektedir: Bir hizmet\u00e7isi kendisine: \u201cBu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 hallerde, kad\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu durumlarda ve benzerlerinde s\u00f6z konusu olsa gerek, de\u011fil mi?” diye sorunca \u0130bn Abbas \u201cEvet \u00f6yledir.” cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

Bu giri\u015ften sonra, meselenin as\u0131l \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc, m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131na dair uygulaman\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcman insana ne kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 ve ne kaybettirece\u011fi meselesidir. Bu konudaki kanaatimizi birka\u00e7 noktada \u00f6zetlemek istiyoruz:<\/p>\n

a- B\u00fct\u00fcn S\u00fcnn\u00ee mezheplerin bu konunun men edilmesi \u00fczerinde icma etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ve buna muhalefet edebilecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alternatife sahip de\u011filiz. Bu y\u00fczden onlar\u0131n bu konudaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korudu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

b- \u0130htilafl\u0131 konularda ihtiyatl\u0131 olan\u0131 alma prensibini bu konuda da ge\u00e7erli g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

c- \u0130bn Abbas ile hizmet\u00e7isi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en konu\u015fmadan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere m\u00fct\u2019a nik\u00e2h\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 zamanlarda ve kad\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde tan\u0131nan bir ruhsat olarak alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise bu anlamda herhangi bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 herkes takdir eder. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer baz\u0131 rivayetlerden anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re yolculuk hallerinde de bu ruhsattan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise yolculuklarda erkeklerin e\u015flerini yanlar\u0131na almalar\u0131nda herhangi bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o d\u00f6nemde konulmu\u015f ve o d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla yani baz\u0131 sahab\u00eelerin ifadeleriyle bir tak\u0131m insan\u00ee sebeplere dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca uzun as\u0131rlar boyunca bu \u00fcmmetin k\u00e2hir ekseriyeti taraf\u0131ndan me\u015fruiyeti m\u00fclg\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp terk edilmi\u015f bulunan bir h\u00fckm\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir delile dayanmadan almak ve uygulamak, te\u015fehh\u00ee (arzular\u0131na ve d\u00fcrt\u00fclerine g\u00f6re haret etmek)den ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Te\u015fehh\u00ee ise, dini konularda men edilmi\u015f bir tutumdur.<\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Salim \u00d6\u011f\u00fct, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniv. \u0130lahiyat Fak. \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi<\/p>\n

Peygamber Yolu, 9-10 Ekim 2010, Uluslararas\u0131 Sempozyum<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nik\u00e2h konusunun dindeki yerini anlamak, be\u015fer\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ba\u015ftan belirtelim ki, modern d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 rasyonellikle a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 isabetli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ya d\u00fcrt\u00fcleri ya da inan\u00e7lar\u0131 belirler. Ak\u0131llar\u0131 da bu esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fur ve geli\u015fir. Bu demektir ki, sadece davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fil, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fer h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyici olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizin de kayna\u011f\u0131, ya d\u00fcrt\u00fclerimiz veya inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5],"tags":[1023,573,229,66,1022,1024],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2922"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2922"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2925,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2922\/revisions\/2925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}