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{"id":2944,"date":"2015-06-22T13:20:18","date_gmt":"2015-06-22T13:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=2944"},"modified":"2015-06-22T13:20:18","modified_gmt":"2015-06-22T13:20:18","slug":"esler-arasi-siddeti-onlemede-fikihta-ongorulen-tedbirler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/esler-arasi-siddeti-onlemede-fikihta-ongorulen-tedbirler\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015fler Aras\u0131 \u015eiddeti \u00d6nlemede F\u0131k\u0131hta \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Tedbirler"},"content":{"rendered":"F<\/span>\u0131k\u0131h, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131, fena muamele ve ge\u00e7imsizlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fena muamele ve ge\u00e7imsizlik erkekten, kad\u0131ndan ya da ayn\u0131 anda her ikisinden kaynaklanabilen bir durumdur. E\u015fler aras\u0131nda meydana gelebilecek her hangi bir olumsuzlukta hemen evlilik birli\u011finin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemeli, e\u015flerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve anla\u015fma yoluyla aralar\u0131ndaki problemi \u00e7\u00f6zme yoluna gitmeleri \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 gereken yol olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim, en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u015fekli olarak bu yolu \u00f6nermektedir.<\/p>\n

Aile \u00fczerinde azami hassasiyet g\u00f6steren \u00e2yetler ve hadisler muv\u00e2cehesinde konuyu derinlemesine ele alan f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limleri, e\u015flerin aile mahremiyeti i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturamad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden problemlerin halli i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 devreye sokmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

Aile Meclisi (Hakem Usul\u00fc)<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u015fler, aralar\u0131nda sonu\u00e7land\u0131ramad\u0131klar\u0131 problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in birlikte karar vererek, belirli vas\u0131flara sahip kendi taraflar\u0131ndan birer ki\u015fiyi hakem tayin etme ve onlar\u0131n verece\u011fi karara g\u00f6re davranma sorumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7erisindedir. Buna hakem us\u00fbl\u00fc denilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hakem tayin etme usul\u00fc f\u0131k\u0131hta, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7imsizliklerin evlilik birli\u011fine son vermesini \u00f6nlemede \u00e7ok etkili bir tedbir olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte hakem tayininin huk\u00fbk\u00ee niteli\u011fi hususunda d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcnn\u00ee mezhep fakihleri i\u00e7erisinde Malikiler farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler benimsemi\u015flerdir. Onlara g\u00f6re hakem heyetinin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu karar ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olup, hukuki netice do\u011furur.\u00a0 Malik\u00eeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u00fcnn\u00ee mezheplerde ise hakemlerin g\u00f6revi daha \u00e7ok ahlak\u00ee tavsiye niteli\u011finde kabul edilmi\u015f olup, taraflarca kendilerine vek\u00e2let verilmemi\u015fse bo\u015fama yetkileri yoktur.<\/p>\n

Bo\u015fama yetkisinin erkekte olmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kime ba\u015fvurarak bo\u015fanma talebinde bulunma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, zamanla, \u015fiddetli ge\u00e7imsizlik hallerinde kad\u0131n\u0131n da evlili\u011fe son vermeyi talep edebilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma ihtiyac\u0131 h\u00e2s\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. 1917 tarihli Osmanl\u0131 Hukuk-\u0131 Aile Kararnamesi bu ihtiyac\u0131 dikkate alarak, e\u015flerin aras\u0131n\u0131 bulmakla g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f hakem heyetine bu y\u00f6nde olumlu bir sonuca ula\u015famamalar\u0131 halinde taraflar\u0131 bo\u015fama yetkisi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aile Kararnamesi bu hakem heyetine \u201cAile Meclisi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de mevcut olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130slam Tarihi boyunca fazla bir tatbik sahas\u0131 bulamayan \u201cAile Meclisi\u201d uygulamas\u0131, Aile Kararnamesi\u2019nden sonra M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye kanunlar\u0131nda da yerini alarak sosyal hayatta tatbik edilir hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Aile meclisi, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda meydana gelen ge\u00e7imsizlik veya \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 sonras\u0131 gereken ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme sonucu vard\u0131klar\u0131 karar\u0131 h\u00e2kime bildirir. H\u00e2kim de aile meclisinin karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc verir.<\/p>\n

Ta\u2019zir Cezas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131k\u0131hta hakk\u0131nda muayyen bir ceza, bir \u015fer\u2019i hadd bulunmayan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 tatbik edilecek te\u2019dip ve cezaya ta\u2019zir cezas\u0131 denir. Ta\u2019zir cezas\u0131, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla i\u015flenen su\u00e7un derecesine g\u00f6re belirlenir. \u0130slam Tarihi boyunca, derece olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na kadar varabilen ta\u2019zir cezalar\u0131, k\u0131rba\u00e7 ve benzeri bir \u015feyle vurmak, hapsetmek, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermek, konu\u015fmamak, para cezas\u0131 vermek, hizaya getirme amac\u0131yla tehdit etmek, \u00f6\u011f\u00fct vermek, mahrum etmek, azarlamak ve te\u015fhir etmek \u015fekillerinde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2kim su\u00e7luya ta\u2019zir cezas\u0131 verecekse, f\u0131k\u0131hta var olan bu ceza \u015fekillerinden birini vermesi caiz olur. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ba\u015fka \u015fekilde bir ceza vermesi caiz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

E\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131n mahkemeye intikali neticesinde hakim su\u00e7lu taraf\u0131 ta\u2019zir cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131rabilir. Bu cezan\u0131n \u015fekli ve mahiyeti zaman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131na ve \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu, hakimin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir durumdur. Bu t\u00fcr olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ta\u2019zir cezas\u0131 olarak baz\u0131 ceza t\u00fcrleri \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle Uyar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131kha g\u00f6re, e\u015finin kendisine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131 ya da \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda kad\u0131n, ayr\u0131l\u0131k talep etmeksizin h\u00e2kime m\u00fcracaat ederek \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kad\u0131n e\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yata\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kaba s\u00f6zlerle hakaretlere maruz kalm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda, erke\u011fin<\/p>\n

kusurunu kabul etmesi veya bu durumun delillerle ispat edilmesi halinde, h\u00e2kim erke\u011fi s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u015flerden birinin, e\u015finin kendisine \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zarar verdi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla mahkemeye ba\u015fvurarak \u015fik\u00e2yette bulundu\u011fu hallerde, bunun do\u011frulu\u011fu delillerle ispat edilemiyorsa ve ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr \u015fik\u00e2yetler tekrar ediyorsa, h\u00e2kim \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunan taraf\u0131 s\u00e2lih kom\u015fular aras\u0131nda isk\u00e2n ettirir. Bu tedbir sayesinde ma\u011fdur taraf \u015fiddetten uzak tutularak koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vme<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e2kimin s\u00f6zl\u00fc uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemeye devam eden erkek veya kad\u0131n, e\u015finin mahkemeye ba\u015fvurarak \u015fikayetini yenilemesi \u00fczerine, durumun do\u011frulu\u011funun tespit edilmesi halinde hakim taraf\u0131ndan yaralay\u0131c\u0131 olmayacak \u015fekilde darp cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tefrik<\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131kh\u0131n tedvin edildi\u011fi ilk d\u00f6nemlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar baz\u0131 durumlarda mahkemenin evlilik birli\u011fine m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fi ve gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde evlili\u011fi sona erdirebilece\u011fi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Fakat mahkemenin evlili\u011fe m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fi durumlar naslarla tespit edilmedi\u011finden dolay\u0131, mahkemenin evlili\u011fe hangi durumlarda m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fi konusunda hem ihtilaf edilmi\u015f, hem de bu durumlar tarih i\u00e7erisinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardaki anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine paralel bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fme kaydetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Erke\u011fin Talebi \u00dczerine Tefrik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakihlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 erke\u011fin, e\u015finin \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesi ve ge\u00e7imsizlik g\u00f6stermesi gibi durumlarda mahkemeye m\u00fcracaat etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n<\/p>\n

olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fayet e\u015fi ge\u00e7imsiz ise yetkisini kullanarak onu bo\u015fayabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. \u00c7o\u011funluk fakihler ise, her ne kadar erke\u011fin bo\u015fama hakk\u0131 bulunmakla beraber bo\u015fama sonras\u0131nda erke\u011fin \u00f6demek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 maddi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri hafifletece\u011fi veya tamamen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc f\u0131k\u0131h sistemati\u011finde erke\u011fin e\u015fini kendi iradesiyle bo\u015famas\u0131 ile mahkemenin kad\u0131n\u0131 kusurlu bularak bo\u015famas\u0131 aras\u0131nda erke\u011fe y\u00fcklenen maddi sorumluluklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u015finin ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fi sebebiyle mahkemeye bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7an erke\u011fin, han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fini ispatlamas\u0131 gereklidir. \u015eayet ispatlayamaz ve bo\u015fanma davas\u0131ndan da vazge\u00e7mezse, mahkeme durumun sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in her iki taraftan hakemler g\u00f6revlendirir. Hakemler \u00e7iftin aras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltirlerse dava d\u00fc\u015fer. \u015eayet d\u00fczeltemezlerse, ge\u00e7imsizlikte hangi taraf\u0131n kusurlu bulundu\u011fu veya ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda kimin daha \u00e7ok etkili oldu\u011fu tespit edilir. Kad\u0131n kusurlu ise mehrinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme, iddet nafakas\u0131n\u0131 yitirme gibi mali cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131larak bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n Talebi \u00dczerine Tefrik<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eafii ve Hanbelilerden bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ile Hanefilere g\u00f6re; bo\u015fama yetkisine sahip olmayan kad\u0131n, ailesinde olu\u015fan \u015fiddetli ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in arabulucular\u0131n \u0131slah giri\u015fimi sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011finde bu ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fin ve ma\u011fduriyetinin giderilmesi amac\u0131yla mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilir. Ancak bo\u015fanma talebiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvuramaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durum bir bo\u015fanma sebebi de\u011fildir. H\u00e2kim bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar sergileyen kocay\u0131 cezaland\u0131rarak d\u00fczelmesini sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

\u015eafii ve Hanbelilerden bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ile Malikilere g\u00f6re ise; e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fin devam etmesi halinde kad\u0131n, mahkemeden arabulucuk yapmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi gibi e\u015finin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bo\u015fanmay\u0131 da talep edebilir.\u00a0 Erke\u011fin e\u015finin hakk\u0131 olan nafakay\u0131 temin etmede zorluk \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 durumunda da kad\u0131n\u0131n mahkemeye ba\u015fvurarak bo\u015fanma talep etme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de tercih edilen bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda bir denge olu\u015fturmakta, kad\u0131n i\u00e7in \u00e7ekilmez hale gelen evliliklerden kurtulu\u015f yolu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u015fiddetli ge\u00e7imsizlik bir bo\u015fama sebebi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Erke\u011fin ge\u00e7imsiz davranarak, e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesi durumunda aile meclisi denilen hakem m\u00fcessesi devreye girer. Evlili\u011fin durumu ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hakemler taraf\u0131ndan incelenerek de\u011ferlendirilir. Erkekte evlili\u011fin devam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olumlu belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi halinde bu evlili\u011fe son verilir. Erkek kad\u0131n\u0131n mehrini ve di\u011fer mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini tam olarak \u00f6deme cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eiddet, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en eski sorunlar\u0131ndan birisidir. \u0130nsan\u0131n sald\u0131rgan davran\u0131\u015flar ve \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren eylemler sergilemesinin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften kaynaklanan nedenleri oldu\u011fu gibi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdan kaynaklanan nedenleri de vard\u0131r. \u015eiddete ba\u015fvuranlar, bu \u015fiddet davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bazen bir gerek\u00e7eye de dayand\u0131rmak suretiyle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu ba\u011flamda aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet de, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131k gibi, aile bireyleri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmakta ve ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda devaml\u0131l\u0131k sergilemektedir. Toplumun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 olarak nitelenen aile, toplumun temelini olu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli bir kurumdur. Aile bireyleri aras\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden davran\u0131\u015flar aile i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zararl\u0131 neticeler do\u011furmakta, taraflar\u0131 ma\u011fdur etmektedir.<\/p>\n

E\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddet, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde bilinmesine ra\u011fmen, aile mahremiyeti ve aile i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken ki\u015fisel bir sorun olarak telakki edilmesi sebebiyle gizli kalarak konuyla ilgili gerekli ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc yan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 devletler ve kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik konuyla ilgili pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmakta, bununla ilgili konferanslar d\u00fczenlemektedirler. \u00dclkemizde ise aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet probleminin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne hizmet etmesi amac\u0131yla Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Aile Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Kurumu, Kad\u0131n\u0131n Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kurumlar kurularak akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddetin sebepleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, toplumumuzda g\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u00fcrleri, davran\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve bu problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 saptanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam, toplumda kanayan bir yara haline gelen, ailelerin d\u00fczen ve huzurunu bozarak amac\u0131ndan sapt\u0131ran en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlardan birisi olan e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddetle ilgili olarak gerekli kural ve d\u00fczenlemeleri getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z neticesinde konuyu ayd\u0131nlatacak h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden hareketle f\u0131kh\u0131n konuya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek \u015fu sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015ft\u0131k:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve olgunlukla idame ettirilebilecek bir m\u00fcessese olarak kabul etmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131 kar\u0131 ile kocan\u0131n hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kesin bir dille ifade etmemekte, evlili\u011fin hukuk\u00ee boyutu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya girmemektedir. Bununla birlikte taraflarda temel insan\u00ee ve ahlak\u00ee erdemlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve taraflar\u0131n utanma duygusuna sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle olu\u015fturulacak aile yuvas\u0131n\u0131n, sa\u011flam temeller \u00fczerinde kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Fakihlere g\u00f6re e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddet noktas\u0131nda as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan husus; kar\u0131- koca aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanabilecek olumsuzluklar sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan problemleri do\u011fduktan sonra \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak de\u011fil, bu t\u00fcr problemlerin do\u011fmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermemek veya do\u011fan problemleri daha ilk a\u015famas\u0131ndayken giderebilmektir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. Fakihler kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkisinin, f\u0131tr\u00ee ve do\u011fal ihtiya\u00e7 boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019da \u00e7er\u00e7evesi \u00e7izilen ve esasen bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n temiz ve nezih bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen ahlak ilkelerine uygun olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli f\u0131kh\u00ee d\u00fczenlemeler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda; evlenme ve bo\u015fanmay\u0131, kar\u0131 ile kocan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak ve g\u00f6revlerini, konunun toplumu ve hukuk d\u00fczenini ilgilendiren y\u00f6nlerini en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir hukuk sistemi geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Fakihler bu d\u00fczenlemeleri yaparken konuyla ilgili olarak Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnnette yer alan emir ve tavsiyelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 toplumun \u00f6rf, \u00e2det ve anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. E\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddetle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan f\u0131kh\u00ee kavramlar fakihler taraf\u0131ndan detayl\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131klanarak bu kavramlar\u0131n ihtiva etti\u011fi e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu ortaya koyulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. E\u015finin hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden davran\u0131\u015f sergileyen ki\u015fiye nasihat sadedinde hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131 e\u015fi, hakemler veya h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesi istenir. Bunun da fayda vermemesi durumunda ise, bir tak\u0131m ceza\u00ee m\u00fceyyideler uygulan\u0131r. Bu cezai m\u00fceyyidelerden sonra da \u015fiddet uygulayan e\u015f bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flardan vazge\u00e7mezse kendisine bir tak\u0131m mali cezalar verilerek e\u015fler tefrik edilir. B\u00f6ylelikle \u015fiddet g\u00f6ren taraf\u0131n bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flara maruz kalmas\u0131 engellenmi\u015f olur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              1. Evlilik \u00f6ncesinde taraflar\u0131n konuyla ilgili gerekli f\u0131kh\u00ee e\u011fitimi almalar\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda ailelerin konu \u00fczerindeki hassas davranmalar\u0131, evlili\u011fe ad\u0131m atacak olan aile fertlerine konuyla ilgili f\u0131kh\u00ee e\u011fitimi verebilmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramalar\u0131 gereklidir. Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturmu\u015f oldu\u011fu Aile \u0130r\u015fad B\u00fcrolar\u0131 toplumumuzda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir eksiklik olan gelin ve damat adaylar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131kh\u00ee y\u00f6nden e\u011fitilme g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilir. \u0130l M\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fcklerimizde daha \u00e7ok bayanlara y\u00f6nelik konferans d\u00fczenleme g\u00f6revini ifa ettiklerine \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz bu b\u00fcrolar, gerek halen g\u00f6rev yapan personelin konuyla ilgili e\u011fitimi, gerekse konunun uzman\u0131 olan g\u00f6revlilerin istihdam edilmesi suretiyle daha etkin ve faydal\u0131 bir rol \u00fcstlenebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. Kanaatimizce yukar\u0131da belirtilen hususlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde e\u015fler aras\u0131 \u015fiddetle ilgili yap\u0131lacak veya yapt\u0131r\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve uygulamalar, \u00fclkemizde bu sorunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Yunus Emre K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, Rize \u00dcniversitesi, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi\u2019nden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  F\u0131k\u0131h, e\u015fler aras\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131, fena muamele ve ge\u00e7imsizlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fena muamele ve ge\u00e7imsizlik erkekten, kad\u0131ndan ya da ayn\u0131 anda her ikisinden kaynaklanabilen bir durumdur. E\u015fler aras\u0131nda meydana gelebilecek her hangi bir olumsuzlukta hemen evlilik birli\u011finin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemeli, e\u015flerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve anla\u015fma yoluyla aralar\u0131ndaki problemi \u00e7\u00f6zme yoluna gitmeleri …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[1038,1040,1023,324,550,229,366,1039,1041],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2944"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2944"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2947,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2944\/revisions\/2947"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}