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{"id":3059,"date":"2015-08-31T12:00:29","date_gmt":"2015-08-31T12:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=3059"},"modified":"2015-08-31T12:00:29","modified_gmt":"2015-08-31T12:00:29","slug":"kader-nedir-mehmet-kirkinci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/kader-nedir-mehmet-kirkinci\/","title":{"rendered":"Kader Nedir? – Mehmet K\u0131rk\u0131nc\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

K<\/span>aderin Her\u015feyi G\u00fczeldir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cenab-\u0131 Hak her hayat sahibine bu d\u00fcnyada hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 en g\u00fczel bir surette haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 suda en rahat \u015fekilde ya\u015fatan ve y\u00fczd\u00fcren Cenab-\u0131 Hak, bir g\u00fcvercinide havada kolayca u\u00e7abilecek tarda yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rahmet ve hikmet, mahluklar i\u00e7inde en fazla insanda tecelli etmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u015eu me\u015fhud saltanat-\u0131 insaniye ve terakkiyat-\u0131 be\u015feriyye ve kemalat-\u0131 medeniyyet celb ile de\u011fil, galebe il de\u011fil, cidal ile de\u011fil\u2026 Belki ona onun zaaf\u0131 i\u00e7in teshir edilmi\u015f, onun cehli i\u00e7in ona ilham edilmi\u015f, onun ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in ona ikram edilmi\u015f.\u201d (S\u00f6zler) Z\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hikmeti i\u00e7in; \u00e7irkinlik olmazsa g\u00fczelli\u011fin, \u015fer olmazsa hayr\u0131n, karanl\u0131k olmazsa \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ehemmiyeti lay\u0131\u011f\u0131nca takdir edilemezdi.<\/p>\n

Kadere teslim olan bir insan Allah-u Tealadan gelen her hadisenin g\u00fczel oldu\u011funa itikat eder, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrur ve in\u015firah ile ge\u00e7irir. Kederi atar, safay\u0131 bulur.<\/p>\n

KADER VE KAZA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kader: Varl\u0131klar\u0131n ve hadiselerin b\u00fct\u00fcn halleri ve vas\u0131flar\u0131 ile, sebepleri ve \u015fartlar\u0131 ile, haiz olacaklar\u0131 kuvvet ve kabiliyetleriyle, varl\u0131k alemine gelecekleri zaman ve mekanlar\u0131yla Cenab-\u0131 Hak taraf\u0131ndan ezelde tayin buyurulmas\u0131 be bir tertip ile kaydedilmesi demektir.<\/p>\n

Kaza:<\/strong> Ezelde takdir olunan her \u015feyin Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u0131n halk ve icad\u0131yla vucut sahas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 demektir. Kader ilim, kaza kudret s\u0131fat\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Kader kazadan \u00f6ncedir. Bir \u015feyin varl\u0131k sahas\u0131na gelmesi hem kaza, hem kaderdir. Yarat\u0131lmayan \u015feyler ise kaderdedir.<\/p>\n

Kader iki k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r:<\/strong> 1- \u0130nsan\u0131n iradesiyle ilgili olan k\u0131s\u0131m 2- \u0130nsan iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan k\u0131s\u0131m. Bunu sebebi insanlarca bilinmemektedir. Hadis ile bizi kader ile u\u011fra\u015fmaktan men edilen k\u0131s\u0131m budur.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan \u0130radesi ve Kudreti:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130rade:<\/strong> \u0130ki takdir edilen \u015feyden birinin meydana gelmesini tahsis eden bir s\u0131fatt\u0131r. \u0130nsan kendi iradesini okuma yazma gibi fiillerden her birine kullanabilecek durumda oldu\u011fundan iradesine k\u00fclli irade denilmektedir. Bir i\u015fe kara verdi\u011finde iradesi c\u00fczile\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n Kudreti<\/strong>: Kudret; iradenin uygun g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine, istene \u015feylerde tesir icra eden ve faile bir i\u015fi i\u015fleme ve i\u015flememe imkan\u0131 veren bir kuvvettir. \u0130nsan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 fenal\u0131klara sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak istemez. Bana bu g\u00fcnah\u0131 kader i\u015fletti dedi\u011fi takdirde k\u00fcfre gider. \u0130\u015fte insan\u0131 bu u\u00e7uruma d\u00fc\u015fmekten kurtarmak i\u00e7in c\u00fcz-\u0130 ihtiyari kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n \u0130htiyari Fiillerdeki Mesuliyeti:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130htiyari ve \u0131zt\u0131rari fiiller bir tutulamaz<\/strong>: Tamamen irademiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meydana gelen \u0131zt\u0131rari fiiller i\u00e7in herhangi bir mesuliyet s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Mesela, g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, cinsiyetimiz gibi. \u0130htiyari fiiller ise kendi irademizle i\u015fledi\u011fimiz fiillerdir. Bir insan, kendi c\u00fcz \u2019i iradesiyle i\u015fledi\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler i\u00e7in kaderin b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fundan bu fenal\u0131\u011f\u0131 mecburen i\u015fledim diyebilir mi?<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hay\u0131r di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u015fer yolunu se\u00e7meleri g\u00f6steriyor ki, irade ve ihtiyar insandad\u0131r, tercih ona b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani, kul c\u00fcz \u2018i iradesiyle bir fiile te\u015febb\u00fcs etmedik\u00e7e Cenab-\u0131 Hak o fiili yaratmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli bir mesele:<\/strong> Cenab-\u0131 Hak ezelde ilim ve iradesiyle her \u015feyi tesbit ve takdir etti\u011fine g\u00f6re bir insan\u0131n hakk\u0131nda \u015fer i\u015flemeyi takdir etmi\u015fse o kimse nas\u0131l hay\u0131r i\u015fleyebilir ve bu durumda nas\u0131l mesul tutulabilir? \u0130lmi kelam alimleri bu hakikati \u201c\u0130lim maluma tabidir; \u00f6yleyse malum ilme tabi de\u011fildir\u201d kaidesiyle izah etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130lim bir \u015feyim zihindeki \u015fekli, malum ise o \u015feyin hari\u00e7teki \u015fekli olarak tarif edilir. \u0130lim, i\u015fledi\u011fimiz b\u00fct\u00fcn amelleri Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u0131n ezeli ilmiyle bilmesi, malum ise i\u015fledi\u011fimiz amellerdir. \u0130nsanlar ihtiyari fiilleri nas\u0131l i\u015fleyeceklerse, Cenab-\u0131 Hak \u00f6ylece bilmi\u015f ve takdir etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r ve \u015eerrin Allah\u2019tan Olmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r ve \u015ferri Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratmas\u0131<\/strong>: \u0130nsan\u0131n irade ve ihtiyari ile i\u015fledi\u011fi hay\u0131r olsun \u015fer olsun, b\u00fct\u00fcn amellerini yaratan ancak Cenab-\u0131 Hakt\u0131r. Lakin, hayr\u0131 ve \u015ferri insan kendi ihtiyariyle istemekte, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da mesuliyeti o \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hidayet ve dalalet<\/strong>: \u0130nsanlar\u0131 hidayete erdiren ve dalalete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren ancak Allah\u2019t\u0131r. Hidayet Allah\u2019tand\u0131r, O nasib etmedikten sonra insan do\u011fru yola giremez. B\u00fct\u00fcn iyiliklerin Allah\u2019tan, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin nefisten olmas\u0131: \u0130nsan, Hak Tealan\u0131n ihsan etti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeyi O\u2019nun r\u0131zas\u0131 istikametinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fcnyevi ve uhrevi neticeleri Allah\u2019tan bilmeli ve O\u2019na minnettar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. O\u2019nun r\u0131zas\u0131 hilaf\u0131na kullanan kimse, elde edece\u011fi \u015ferli neticelerden mesul olacakt\u0131r. Lezzetli \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n hasiyetleri kuru \u00e7ubu\u011funda aran\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Kader ve Adalet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adalet, ihkak-\u0131 hak etmek, yani her \u015feye lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek ve her\u015feyi en uygun mevki ve mertebeye koymakt\u0131r. Cenab-\u0131 Hak her\u015feye ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi kadar y\u00fck y\u00fcklemeyi ezelde takdir buyurmu\u015f ve varl\u0131klar\u0131 o \u0130lahi Kadere g\u00f6re yaratmakla bu alemde adaletini tecelli ettirmi\u015f, g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Zul\u00fcm, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hak ve hukukuna tecav\u00fcz etmektir. Kainat\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve maliki olan Rabb\u00fc\u2019l Alemin hakk\u0131nda zul\u00fcm muhaldir. O\u2019nun kahr\u0131 ancak emir ve iradesine uymayan asiler i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n

Adaletle ilgili bir soru: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131ss\u0131z bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde ya\u015fayan bir insan ile \u0130slam \u00fclkesindeki bir insan\u0131n \u0130slami hakikatleri bilme ve \u00f6\u011frenme imkanlar\u0131 elbette bir de\u011fildir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda mesuliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir fark var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bu hal, adaleti ilahiyye cihetiyle nas\u0131l izah edilir? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Evvela, hesap sormak, s\u0131gaya \u00e7ekmek ancak Allah\u2019u Azim\u00fc\u015fan\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Mahlukat\u0131n O\u2019na sual ve hesap sormaya hakk\u0131 yoktur. Fetret zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve kendilerine peygamber sesi ula\u015fmayan kimseler dahi, Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u2019a iman etmekle m\u00fckelleftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, ak\u0131llar\u0131, bozulmam\u0131\u015f f\u0131tratlar\u0131 kendilerini Allah\u2019\u0131 bilmeye ve birli\u011fine inanmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Fakat, bunlar di\u011fer dini h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden mes\u2019ul de\u011fildirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmler, peygamberler taraf\u0131ndan tebli\u011f edilmedik\u00e7e anla\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Sual: D\u00fcnyada 50-60 sene gibi k\u0131sa bir \u00f6mr\u00fcn neticesi olarak m\u00fc\u2019minin Cennet\u2019te, kafirin ise Cehennem\u2019de ebediyen kalmas\u0131 adaleti \u0130lahiyye noktas\u0131ndan nas\u0131l izah edilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cevap: \u0130man\u0131n kudsiyetine eren bir m\u00fc\u2019min, d\u00fcnyada faraza ebedi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olsa, Halik-\u0131 Z\u00fclcelal\u2019ine ebediyen itaat ve ibadet edecek, emirlerine inkiyadda bulunacakt\u0131r. M\u00fc\u2019minin niyeti amelinden hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r, s\u0131rr\u0131nca Cenab-\u0131 Hakk m\u00fc\u2019minin bu niyetini bilfiil kabul ederek ona fazl\u0131ndan ebedi bir cenneti ihsan buyurur. Kafirin cehennemde ebedi kalmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne gelince o inkar etmekle Zat-\u0131 Akdes\u2019in azamet ve kibriyas\u0131n\u0131, izzet ve celalini tekzib ediyor; Uluhiyet\u2019inin haysiyetine, Rububiyet\u2019inin izzetine dokunuyor. Esma-y\u0131 \u0130lahiye\u2019nin kainattaki nihayetsiz tecellilerini tesad\u00fcf ve tabiata havale etmekle nihayetsiz bir cinayet i\u015fliyor ve O\u2019na ibadet eden umum mahlukat\u0131n hakk\u0131na tecav\u00fcz etmi\u015f oluyor. Elbette b\u00f6yle nihayetsiz cinayetlerin cezas\u0131 da ancak ebedi bir cehennem olabilir.<\/p>\n

Adaletin Kainatta Tecellisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lahi adaletin kainattaki say\u0131s\u0131z tecellilerinin iki y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Her hayat sahibine d\u00fcnyadan faydalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli her \u015feyin adil bir \u015fekilde verilmesidir.<\/li>\n
  2. Alemdeki muvazenenin korunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ef\u2019al-\u0130 \u0130b\u2019ad (Kullar\u0131n Fiileri)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ihtiyari fiilleri \u00fc\u00e7 mezhepte toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Cebriye Mezhebi: Allah (cc) \u015firk ve aczden tenzih kasd\u0131yla insanlar\u0131n c\u00fczi iradeleri ve di\u011fer halleriyle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 her \u015feyi kadere vurmu\u015flar ve dalalete d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/li>\n
    2. Mu\u2019tezile Mezhebi: Ehl-i s\u00fcnnetten ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 4 ana mes\u2019ele vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      a) Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmezler.<\/p>\n

      b) Kaderi Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederler. Kul, fiilinin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r derler.<\/p>\n

      c) K\u00fcf\u00fcr ile iman aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir mertebenin oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

      d) Cemel ve S\u0131ffin muharebelerinde iki taraftan birinin mutlak haks\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve bu haks\u0131z taraf\u0131n fas\u0131k oldu\u011funun savunurlar.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet: \u0130kiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      a) Maturidiyye: \u0130nsan\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi ihtiyari bir fiilde o fiili talep eden, kesbeden yani c\u00fczi iradesini o fiilin i\u015flenmesinde sarfeden insand\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fail olay\u0131 i\u015fleyendir derler.<\/p>\n

      b) E\u015f\u2019ariye: Bunlar iradey-i k\u00fclliye ve c\u00fczi iradeye inan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

      Zafer Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Kaderin Her\u015feyi G\u00fczeldir: Cenab-\u0131 Hak her hayat sahibine bu d\u00fcnyada hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 en g\u00fczel bir surette haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 suda en rahat \u015fekilde ya\u015fatan ve y\u00fczd\u00fcren Cenab-\u0131 Hak, bir g\u00fcvercinide havada kolayca u\u00e7abilecek tarda yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rahmet ve hikmet, mahluklar i\u00e7inde en fazla insanda tecelli etmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u015eu me\u015fhud saltanat-\u0131 insaniye ve terakkiyat-\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,540],"tags":[554,1132,1131,36,256,553,1130,1128,1133,1129],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3059"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3059"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3062,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3059\/revisions\/3062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}