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{"id":3199,"date":"2015-12-04T18:05:22","date_gmt":"2015-12-04T16:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=3199"},"modified":"2015-12-04T18:05:22","modified_gmt":"2015-12-04T16:05:22","slug":"islam-inancinin-temelleri-akaid-omer-nesefi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/islam-inancinin-temelleri-akaid-omer-nesefi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam \u0130nanc\u0131n\u0131n Temelleri Akaid – \u00d6mer Nesefi"},"content":{"rendered":"K<\/span>itapta, iman ve iman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar ve iman\u0131n durum, iman\u0131n 6 \u015fart\u0131, imamet, hilafet, m,ra\u00e7, ictihad ve taklid konular\u0131 inceleniyor.<\/p>\n

Kitapta incelenen di\u011fer konular ise \u015funlar: S\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcm, ecel, g\u00fcnahkar m\u00fc\u2019minin durumu, r\u00fc\u2019yet, itaat, velayet, r\u0131z\u0131k…<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Not:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam akidesini ehl-i s\u00fcnnet \u00e7izgisinde anlatan muhtasar bir eser. Akaidle alakal\u0131 genel bir malumat elde edebilmek i\u00e7in yeterli bir eser.<\/p>\n

Akide, insan\u0131n inanmas\u0131 gereken \u015feylerin t\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetinin temelleri i\u015fte bu akideye dayan\u0131r. Akide bize kainat ve hayat hakk\u0131ndaki bilginin temellerini \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131k\u0131lmak istenen \u0130slam medeniyetinin \u00f6nce akidesi sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da hayat telakkisi ve medeniyeti tahrip \u0130slam’da akide hususunda ilk sap\u0131k mezhep kaderiler olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sap\u0131k mezhebin kurucusu Mabed \u0130bn-\u00fc Halidil C\u00fchani, fikir babas\u0131 ise bir \u0130ranl\u0131 olan Ebu Yunus \u015eensuye\u2019dir. Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 ilk inkar eden adam ise Ca’d \u0130bn-\u00fc Dirhem’dir. \u0130lk defa Kur’an mahluk-tur diyen de bu \u015fah\u0131s olmu\u015ftur. Cebriye mezhebinin kurucusu olan Cehm ibn-Safvan ise hazarl\u0131d\u0131r ve Yahudilerden etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

En \u00f6nemli sap\u0131k mezhep olan mutezile ise Vas\u0131l ibn-\u00fc Ata taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu mezhebin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 Abbasi halifesi Me’mun zaman\u0131nda kurulan beyt-\u00fc1 Hikme (bilgi okulu) yoluyla olmu\u015ftur. Bu okulda yunanca, Hint\u00e7e, \u0130branice’den itikadi y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 ne kadar eser varsa terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n tesiriyle de Mutezile, M\u00fcrcie, Kaderiye, \u0130bahiyye, Bat\u0131niyye gibi sap\u0131k telakkiler kuvvetlenmi\u015f ve yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Beyt-\u00fcl Hikme’nin temelinde ise eski \u0130ran t\u0131p mektebi Gonde \u015eapur ve H\u0131ristiyan misyonerleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yabanc\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin \u0130slam’\u0131 y\u0131kma gayretleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda AKA\u0130D ilmi do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u0130mam-\u0131 Azam Ebu Hanife akaidde Ehl-i s\u00fcnnetin ilk imam\u0131d\u0131r. Sonraki akaid alimlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu akaidde mezhep sahibi olan imam Maturidi ve \u0130mam-\u0131 Tahari dahi onun yolunu takip etmi\u015flerdir. Mavera\u00fcnnehir ulemas\u0131 bilhassa Ebu Mansur Maturidi onun akaiddeki yolunu daha da ilerletmi\u015f ve yaym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Maturidi onun koydu\u011fu esaslar ve m\u00fcdafaa usul\u00fcn\u00fc sistemle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Hanefilere Maturidi denilmi\u015ftir. Kitab\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yazar\u0131 \u00d6mer Nesef\u0131 ise \u00e7ok me\u015fhur bir Hanefi fakihidir. Eseri Osmanl\u0131 medreselerinde uzun y\u0131llar ders kitab\u0131 olarak okutulmu\u015f ve halen daha Ezher’de Kelam ilmi kitab\u0131 olarak okutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u0130SLAMIN VARLIK TELAKK\u0130S\u0130:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130slam’a g\u00f6re e\u015fyan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir realitedir, ilim de bu e\u015fya realitesine g\u00f6re n\u00fcfuz eder. \u0130slam’\u0131n tavsiye etti\u011fi iman; kainat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tetkiki ve m\u00fc\u015fahedesi neticesinde fertte has\u0131l olan imand\u0131r. Maddenin ve canl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uydu\u011fu ilk kanun; yarat\u0131lma, devam etme ve yok olmad\u0131r. Kainatta seyyarelerin hareketi, canl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, kainat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nizam ve intizam i\u00e7inde hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
  2. E\u015fyan\u0131n realitesinin ink\u00e2r Yunan felsefesinde temellerini bulur. E\u015fyan\u0131n var oldu\u011funu veya mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayamay\u0131z diyenler septiklerdir. Kainat\u0131, rasyonel izah\u0131n ilk denemeleri de Yunan da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradan Hint, \u0130ran ve M\u0131s\u0131r’a ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Yunan felsefesinde kainat\u0131n izah\u0131, bir ilk sebebe irca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ide, madde, irade gibi mefhumlar kainat\u0131n ilk sebebi olarak anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, materyalizm ve ruh\u00e7uluk aras\u0131nda as\u0131rlard\u0131r s\u00fcren farkl\u0131l\u0131klar buradan ne\u015fet etmi\u015ftir. Ruh\u00e7u g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, kainat\u0131n maddi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir hayal olarak kabul etmi\u015f ve g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve var olan kainat\u0131, ide’nin g\u00f6lgesi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f daha sonra yeni Eflatunculuk olarak Farabi, \u0130bn-i Sina ve \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd’\u00fc etkilemi\u015ftir. Daha sonra buna alternatif olarak materyalizm ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve kuvvetlenmi\u015ftir. Avrupa\u2019da Hiristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ile materyalizm hakim hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0130slam’a g\u00f6re kainat yoktan var edilmi\u015ftir ve zaman\u0131 gelince yok olacakt\u0131r. O ne subjektif ide (ferdin hayali) ve ne de objektif ide(insandan \u00f6nce mevcut olan ideler alemi) de\u011fildir. \u0130nsan beyninin icat etti\u011fi bir varl\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, insandan evvel ve ondan m\u00fcstakil olarak vard\u0131r. Alem-kainat ayan ve arazd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2.B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u0130slam’da Bilgi Telakkisi: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yarat\u0131klar i\u00e7in ilmin kaynaklar\u0131 hiss-i selim, ak\u0131l, do\u011fru haberdir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ak\u0131l ile ilk bak\u0131\u015fta has\u0131l olan bilgi zaruri bilgidir. Bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu bilmek gibi. \u0130stidlalen sabit olan ilim iktisabidir. Ak\u0131l, islam alimlerine g\u00f6re bir nurdur. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise bir kuvvedir. mahalli i\u00e7in ise, baz\u0131lar\u0131 dima\u011fda, baz\u0131lar\u0131 kalpte demi\u015flerdir. Hz Ali’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (yeri kalptir, ziyas\u0131 ise dima\u011fd\u0131r.) \u015feklindedir. Do\u011frusu da budur.<\/li>\n
    2. Akl\u0131n g\u00fczeli ve \u00e7irkini bilip bilemeyece\u011fi ise \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmalara sebep olmu\u015f, akaid ilminin m\u00fchim meselelerindendir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Mutezileye g\u00f6re;.<\/p>\n

      -\u0130yilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe hakim olan ak\u0131ld\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in nakle yani, kitap ve s\u00fcnnet gibi dini delillere ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur.<\/p>\n

      -Dini deliller farz veya haram olan \u015feyleri bildirmeseler bile ak\u0131l ile bunlara h\u00fckmedilebilir.<\/p>\n

      -Akl\u0131n idrak edemedi\u011fi, hakk\u0131nda iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fc veremedi\u011fi konularda, dini delillerin h\u00fck\u00fcm vermesi kabul edilemez. Ahirette Allah (cc)’n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gibi.<\/p>\n

      -Mutezile g\u00fcnah veya k\u00fcf\u00fcr gibi \u015feylerin Allah’a izafesi caiz de\u011fildir, \u00e7irkindir.<\/p>\n

      -Mutezile’ ye g\u00f6re ak\u0131ll\u0131 olan kim olursa olsun iman etmesi farzd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      E\u015eAR\u0130LERE G\u00d6RE;<\/p>\n

      E\u015fyan\u0131n farz veya haram k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n mucip sebebi sadece \u015fer’i delillerdir, ak\u0131l de\u011fildir. E\u015fyan\u0131n G\u00fczel, veya k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu dinin delilleri ile bilinir. Bir kavme peygamber g\u00f6nderilmeden azap edilmeyecektir.<\/p>\n

      MATUR\u0130D\u0130LER\u0130N G\u00d6R\u00db\u015e\u00dc;<\/p>\n

      Ak\u0131l iyi-k\u00f6t\u00fc, haram-helali bilmek i\u00e7in vas\u0131tad\u0131r: E\u015fyay\u0131 g\u00fczel-\u00e7irkin, fiilleri farz veya haram k\u0131lan Allah\u2019t\u0131r ak\u0131l olmadan dinin emirleri anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Allah’\u0131 bilme hususunda ak\u0131l muteberdir. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocuk, sadece akl\u0131 sebebiyle dinin emir ve yasaklar\u0131na uymak zorunda de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 \u00e7ocuk \u0130slam’ a veya k\u00fcfre inansa, bu inanc\u0131 muteber ve sahih olur. Ak\u0131l ile nakil \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ak\u0131l esas al\u0131n\u0131r, nakil tevil olunur s\u00f6z\u00fc nakil m\u00fcte\u015fabihat-\u0131 zanniyeden oldu\u011fu zamand\u0131r aksi halde, ak\u0131l, nakil \u00fczerine tercih edilemez.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Tevat\u00fcr\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr; sa\u011flam bir hisse dayanmak, nakledenlerin aras\u0131nda ittifak bulunmas\u0131, kat’i naslara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlar muvazenesinde yalan \u00fczerine ittifaklan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeyen bir toplulu\u011fun nakletti\u011fi haber bilgi kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        D)\u0130slam’a g\u00f6re ilham bir \u015feyin s\u0131hhatinin bilme sebeplerinden de\u011fildir Mutasavv\u0131flar, ve Rafiziler ilham\u0131 bir ilim kayna\u011f\u0131 kabul ederler.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u0130man ve iman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130man, Allah’a indinden gelen \u015feyleri kalp ile tasdik, dil ile ikrard\u0131r. Bir\u015feyi sadece bilmek yani marifet, iman i\u00e7in kafi de\u011fildir. Bilgi ile yetinmeyerek onu kalben tasdik etmek \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0130man\u0131n en \u00f6z\u00fc Hz. Allah’a ve resul\u00fcne (SAV) inanmakt\u0131r. Kerramiye sadece dil ile ikrar\u0131 iman i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerken Havaric ve mutezile ikrar ve tasdikten ba\u015fka amel etme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015flerdir. Mutezile sadece farz ve vacip amelleri, Havaric ise nafile amelleri de sorumluluk olarak yetinmi\u015flerdir. Mutezile namaz k\u0131lma imandan bir c\u00fcz addeder.<\/p>\n

          Ekseri muhakkikun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ise iman\u0131n as\u0131l r\u00fckn\u00fc, inan\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelen \u015feyleri kalben tasdik etmekten ibarettir, dil ile ikrar \u015fart de\u011fildir. \u0130krar sadece o \u015fahsa d\u00fcnya h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini tatbik i\u00e7indir. Bir kimse hi\u00e7bir mazereti olmadan ikrarda bulunmazsa g\u00fcnahkar olur, kafir olmaz.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Ehli s\u00fcnnete g\u00f6re ameller iman\u0131n bir c\u00fcz’ \u00fc de\u011fildir. Ameller artar ama iman ne artar ne de eksilir, veya zay\u0131f olabilir. \u0130man\u0131n, sahih ve makbul olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcmitsizlik halinde kabul edilmi\u015f olmamas\u0131, m\u00fc\u2019minin inkar ve tekzib alameti olan \u015feyleri yapmamas\u0131 ve dini h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin sebebinin Allah’\u0131n hikmeti icab\u0131 oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekir. \u0130nanan kimse iman\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, ben muhakkak m\u00fc\u2019minin dememeli, in\u015fallah m\u00fcminim Bir kimse said iken \u015faki, \u015faki iken said olabilir Bu Allah’\u0131n kudretindedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Allah’a \u0130man<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Allah’\u0131n ezeliyle ve zat\u0131yla kaim s\u0131fatlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131fatlar, zat\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131da de\u011fildir, gayr\u0131 da de\u011fildir. Allah kelam s\u0131fat\u0131 ile konu\u015fur. Kelam, harf ve sesler cinsinden olmay\u0131p Allah\u2019\u0131n ezeli bir s\u0131fat\u0131d\u0131r Allah-u Tealan\u0131n kelam\u0131 olan kur’an mahluk de\u011fildir ancak harf ve seslerden ibaret bir kitapta toplanan Kur’an mahluktur.<\/li>\n
            2. Allah-u tealay\u0131 g\u00f6rmek aklen caiz, naklen vaciptir. Allah-u Teala g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, fakat bu bir mekanda, bir y\u00f6nde, bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131yla de\u011fildir. G\u00f6renle Allah aras\u0131nda da bir mesafe bahis mevzu de\u011fildir. ,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Mutezile g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyece\u011fine, Kerramiye ve M\u00fc\u015f\u015febbihe ise cisim olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fine inan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

              Allah-u Teala Cennet’te ba\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcyle mekandan m\u00fcnezzeh olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. R\u00fcyada g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ise ihtilafl\u0131 olup, \u0130mam-\u0131 Azam\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi, \u0130mam-\u0131 Maturidinin ise g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyece\u011fi \u015feklinde izahat\u0131 vard\u0131r. Recep Efendi ise \u201cbu hususta susmak en g\u00fczeldir. demi\u015ftir. Mira\u00e7ta efendimizin Allah-u tealay\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nakledilir. Hz. Ay\u015fe bunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Allah-u Teala kullar\u0131n\u0131n iman, k\u00fcf\u00fcr, isyan ve ibadet olan b\u00fct\u00fcn fiillerinin ve hareketlerinin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. Cebriyenin, zaman\u0131m\u0131z fatalistlerin Allah her\u015feyin hal\u0131k\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re kul fiilleri yapma\u011fa mecburdur, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ceza g\u00f6rmemelidir, anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kulun kendi fiilleriyle alakal\u0131 sap\u0131k mezhepler, kulun kudretini Allah’\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fiillerin ise; kulun kendi iste\u011fi ile oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131 alimler ise iki kudretin ikisi de as\u0131l fiilde m\u00fcessirdir derken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da kulun kudretinin sadece fiilin vasf\u0131nda m\u00fcessir oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden bizim kabul etti\u011fimiz kulun fiilinde iki kudretinde beraberce bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Fiilin Allah’\u0131n kudreti ile oldu\u011fu cebirdir, kulun kudreti oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131 ise tevfiz yani fiillik kula b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece selefler nakledilen Cebr-\u00fc Mutavazs\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ki Maturidilerin kabul etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f budur. E\u015farilar ise; kullar fiillerinde muhtar, ihtiyarlar\u0131nda umtard\u0131r, yani h\u00fcr de\u011fildir, mecburdurlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar iradei c\u00fcziyyenin mahluk oldu\u011funa kaildirler. Onlara g\u00f6re fiilin vukuu \u0131zd\u0131raridir. Kulun fiili yapmak veya terk etmek hususlar\u0131ndan birisini tercih etmek kudreti yoktur. Bunun i\u00e7in E\u015farilere Cebr-\u00fc Mahz denir.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0130stitaat: (Fiillerin Yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda Gerekli G\u00fc\u00e7)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Kulun g\u00fcc\u00fc ferdin fiili ile ba\u015flar ve fiilin bitmesi ile sona erer. Kula verilen bu g\u00fc\u00e7, fiili yapan kudretin kendisidir. \u0130stitaat sebeplerin, aletlerin, azalar\u0131n salim olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.:Allah, kulun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yetmeyece\u011fi \u015feyi teklif etmez.<\/p>\n

                B\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 helal sayan kafir olur. Haram edilmi\u015f \u015feylerde r\u0131z\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. KISIM ve 4. KISIM: Meleklere- Kitaplara \u0130man:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Melekler Allah’\u0131n kullar\u0131 olup, Allah’\u0131n emri ile hareket ederler. Erkeklik ve di\u015filik vasf\u0131 yoktur. AlIah, kullar\u0131na inzal etti\u011fi kitaplarda emrini, nehyini, m\u00fckafat\u0131n\u0131, azab\u0131n\u0131 beyan edip a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. KISIM ve 6. KISIM: Peygamberlere-Ahiret G\u00fcn\u00fcne \u0130man: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    A-Cenab-\u0131 Hak peygamberlerini tabiat kanunlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u0131rtan mucizelerle teyid etmi\u015ftir. Peygamberlerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu konusunda m\u00fcnaka\u015fa etmemelidir. Peygamberlerin en efdali Efendimizdir Peygamberlerin ve hay\u0131rl\u0131 kimselerin, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyenlere de \u015fefaat edecekleri ayet ve hadislerle sabittir. Kul, kendisinden emir ve yasaklamalar\u0131n kalkaca\u011f\u0131 bir duruma ula\u015famaz. Be\u015ferin res\u00fclleri, meleklerin res\u00fcllerinden daha faziletlidirler. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en faziletlileri, peygamberlerden (SAV)’in cennetle m\u00fcjdeledi\u011fi a\u015fere-i m\u00fcbe\u015f\u015fere’nin cennete girece\u011fine \u015fehadet edilir.<\/p>\n

                    B-\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen bir kimse eceli ile \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.: Hz. Muhammed’in (SAV) k\u0131yamet alametlerinden olarak Deccalin Dabbe-i Arz’\u0131n, Ye’c\u00fcc ve Me’c\u00fcc’\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131; Hz. \u0130sa’n\u0131n n\u00fczulu, g\u00fcne\u015fin bat\u0131dan do\u011fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi haber hakt\u0131r. Kabir azab\u0131, kabirde nimetlenme, kabir suali kitap ve s\u00fcnnet ile sabittir. \u00d6ld\u00fckten sonra dirilme, kevser havuzu, s\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, Cennet ve Cehennem hakt\u0131r. Cennet ve Cehennem sonsuzdur, g\u00fcnahkar m\u00fc’min Cehennemde ebedi kalmaz. Dirilerin \u00f6l\u00fclere dua etmelerinden ve onlar i\u00e7in sadaka vermelerinden \u00f6l\u00fclere fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. KISIM<\/strong>: Kaza ve Kadere \u0130man: Kaza ve Kader meselesindeki ihtilaf; kullar\u0131n kendi fillerini yaratma meselesindeki ihtilaftan do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Maturidilere g\u00f6re Kader, Allah-u teala’n\u0131n ezeli olan ilim ve irade s\u0131fat\u0131na; Kaza da tekvin s\u0131fat\u0131na racidir. Kader Kaza haline gelmedik\u00e7e Allah taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi umulur. Kazaya r\u0131za ise vaciptir.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: Velayet ve Keramet: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00fcmmetlere oldu\u011fu gibi, Muhammed (SAV) \u00fcmmetinde de Allah’\u0131n (CC) veli kullar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Evliyaullah’\u0131 kabul etmemek k\u00fcf\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Velilerin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri, \u00e7ok sa\u011flam bir imanlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 takva sahibi olmalar\u0131 ve Allah’\u0131n Kullar\u0131 ile g\u00fczel ge\u00e7inmeleridir. Hadislerde velilik; g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman Allah’\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan y\u00fczlerinde, secde izinden ni\u015fanlar\u0131 olan insanlar olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131yor Velilerin kerameti de hakt\u0131r. Bir insanda meydana gelen fevkalade haller onun veli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez. Deccal harikuladeliklerin en g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir Fakat o kafirdir. Ehl-i s\u00fcnnetin ekserisi kerametin vukuunu ve caiz oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ise Mutezile kabul etmemi\u015ftir. Kuran-\u0131 Kerim’de Hz. Meryem’in, Ashab-\u0131 Kehf \u2018in, Hz. S\u00fcleyman\u0131n katibi ve veziri Asaf \u0130bn\u00fc Berhiya’n\u0131n kerametleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                        -Kul ile Allah (CC) aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 muhabbetler, ayetlerle sabit olunca, denilebilir ki; Bir kul Allah (CC) `\u0131n emretti\u011fi ve raz\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015feylerin hepsini yaparsa (fakat ihlasla) taat\u0131n en y\u00fcksek derecesine eri\u015febilir. B\u00f6ylece Allah’\u0131n (CC) yasak k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feylerin hepsini de terkedince, Rahim ve Kerim olan Allah’\u0131n (CC), kuluna istedi\u011fi bir\u015feyi vermesi, imkans\u0131z de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

                        -Bir hadis-i kudside de Allah-u Teala\u201dkulum bana naf\u0131lelerle yakla\u015f\u0131r\u201d diyor. Bu haber g\u00f6steriyor ki ; kullar\u0131n, kulaklar\u0131nda, g\u00f6zlerinde, dillerinde ve di\u011fer azalar\u0131nda, Allah’\u0131n (CC) gayr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in nasip yoktur.<\/p>\n

                        HAR\u0130KALAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        1) Mucize<\/p>\n

                        2) Keramet<\/p>\n

                        3) \u0130rhasat<\/p>\n

                        4) Meunet<\/p>\n

                        5) \u0130stidrac<\/p>\n

                        -\u00dcmmetinden biri i\u00e7in zahir olan keramet, o \u00fcmmetin peygamberinin mucizesi say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kerametle o m\u00fc’minin veli oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

                        -Velinin velayet iddias\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, yani \u201cBen veliyim demesi caiz de\u011fildir. Keramet sahibi olan kimse bu kerametle gururlanmaz ve kerametini iftihar vesilesi yapmaz. \u0130stidrac sahibi ise kendisine izhar edilen harika ile gurur duyar. Kibri artar, kendisini Allah’\u0131n gazab\u0131ndan emin bilir.<\/p>\n

                        -Velilerin kendilerinin veli oldu\u011funu bilip bilmemeleri ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman ke\u015ff\u0131, kerameti zuhur etmeyen veliler, bu haller kendilerinden zuhur edenlerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcrler. Hatta kendilerinden keramet zuhur eden baz\u0131 veliler bu kerametlerinden nedamet etmi\u015flerdir. Me\u015fhur olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f velayet sahibinin kendi velili\u011fini bilmesi \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

                        -Evliyan\u0131n islam prensiplerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Ebu S\u00fcleyman Eddarani derki \u00e7o\u011fu zaman feyz yoluyla kalabilme birtak\u0131m s\u0131rlar ve tecelliler vahiy olurdu. Fakat ben bunlar\u0131 kitap ve s\u00fcnnetden iki adil \u015fahit olmadan kabul etmezdim.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: Hilafet ve \u0130mamet:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Seyyid \u015eerif C\u00fcrcaniye g\u00f6re imamet bahsi dinin ve akaidin as\u0131l meselelerinden de\u011fil, tali derecelerindendir. Sa’d-\u0131 Taftazani’ye g\u00f6re de imamet ameli h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdendir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir imam se\u00e7meleri \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re aklen, baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fer’an vaciptir. Taftazani’ye g\u00f6re farz\u0131 kifayedir. \u0130mam se\u00e7menin; kitap, s\u00fcnnet, icma ve k\u0131yastan delilleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                          \u0130mam se\u00e7meye herkesin i\u015ftirak etmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. M\u00fc\u2019minlerin tasvibini ve g\u00fcvenini kazanan ve imam se\u00e7ebilmeye ehil olan kimselerin se\u00e7mesiyle imam se\u00e7ilir. Se\u00e7eceklerin ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi olacaklar\u0131 ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m alimler her belde de \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da en az be\u015f ki\u015fi olmal\u0131 demi\u015flerdir. E\u011fer fitneyi asileri ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 varsa ; \u015fecaat ve cesaret sahibi olan\u0131 se\u00e7mek \u015fartt\u0131r. Memlekette s\u00fckunetin devam etti\u011fi bir zaman ise alim olan\u0131 se\u00e7mek laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u015eayet iki imama biat edilmi\u015fse birinin katli vaciptir.<\/p>\n

                          \u0130mam\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri:<\/p>\n

                          l) \u0130mam kurey\u015ften olmal\u0131d\u0131r, ancak imaml\u0131k ha\u015fim ve ali o\u011fullar\u0131na mahs\u0131\u0131s de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

                          2) \u0130mam\u0131n zaman\u0131n en faziletlisi olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

                          3) \u0130mam zaman\u0131n siyaset, ilim ve sanat\u0131n\u0131 biliyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                          4) Erkek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                          5) H\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7irmeye emrinden \u00e7\u0131kana g\u00fcc\u00fc yeter olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                          \u0130mam\u0131n baz\u0131 vazifeleri:<\/p>\n

                          1) Hadleri ikame, askeri te\u015fhis, sadakalar\u0131 toplamak.<\/p>\n

                          2) Cuma ve bayram namazlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n

                          3) \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n

                          4) Velisi olmayan insanlar\u0131 evlendirmek.<\/p>\n

                          5) Ganimeti taksim etmek.<\/p>\n

                          \u0130mam\u0131n azl edilmesi:<\/p>\n

                          Hanefi ve \u015fafi mezheplerinde muhtar olan kavle g\u00f6re; imam fas\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle azledilemez. \u0130mam Maverdiye g\u00f6re; itikad\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015f\u00fcpheden dolay\u0131, bedeninde noksanl\u0131k ar\u0131z olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 azl edilir. Tasarrufla meydana gelen noksanl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 ise azli duruma g\u00f6re olur. Mesela H\u0131c\u0131r ve kah\u0131r halleri gibi.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: \u0130NSANI K\u00dcFRE G\u00d6T\u00dcREN HALLER <\/strong><\/li>\n
                          2. B\u00d6L\u00dcM: M\u0130RAC<\/strong><\/li>\n
                          3. \u00a0M\u0130RAC HAD\u0130SES\u0130 m\u00fc’minler i\u00e7in bir imtihan olmu\u015ftur iman\u0131 sa\u011flam olanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mirac ile cennetin m\u00fckafatlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cehennemin ise ate\u015finin pek \u015fiddetli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Resulullah\u0131n mirac gecesi peygamberleri ve melekleri m\u00fc\u015fahedesi hem kendisinin hem de onlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmelerinin sebebidir. Peygamberimiz, semavat\u0131 ar\u015f ve k\u00fcrs\u00fc ahvalini m\u00fc\u015fahede edince bu alemin ahvali ve korkular\u0131 onun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Allah yoluna daveti ve islam davas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kalbinde daha kuvvetlenir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Peygamberimizin, ruhani olarak bir\u00e7ok kere cismani olarak vuku bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                            Mirac\u0131n Mekke’den Mescidi Aksaya olan k\u0131sm\u0131 kitap da sabittir. Bunu inkar eden kafir olur. Mescidi Aksadan semaya kadar ki k\u0131sm\u0131 me\u015fhur hadislerle sabittir. Bunu inkar eden Bid’at\u00e7\u0131 olur f\u0131ska girer. Semadan Cennete, ar\u015fa ve maveray\u0131 aleme \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ise Haber-i ahad ile sabittir. Bunu inkar eden ise hata etmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HAT VE TAKL\u0130T:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              M\u00fc\u00e7tehit bazen hata bazen de isabet eder. \u0130\u00e7tihat, tecezzi kabul etmez. Bir m\u00fc\u00e7tehidin baz\u0131 yerlerde m\u00fc\u00e7tehit, baz\u0131 yerlerde mukallit olmas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisi i\u00e7tihat edebilecekken ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 taklit edemez. M\u00fc\u00e7tehit derecesinde olmayan insanlar ise bir m\u00fc\u00e7tehidi taklit etmelidirler. Bu ameli h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdendir. Hadimiye g\u00f6re \u201chalk ge\u00e7mi\u015f devirlerde ya\u015fayan alimlerden i\u015fittikleri s\u00f6zlerle kendi zamanlar\u0131nda bulunan g\u00fcvenilir s\u00f6zleri ile amel etmeyi tercih etmelidir.\u201d der. \u0130tikatta mukallit Mutezileye g\u00f6re M\u00fc’min olamaz. Cennete giremez. E\u015f’ari’ye g\u00f6re iman\u0131 sahih olmaz. Maturidiye g\u00f6re ise ; g\u00fcnahkard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                              Yay\u0131nevi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Ota\u011f<\/p>\n

                              Bask\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : \u0130stanbul \/ 1971 \/ 196 shf.<\/p>\n

                              Terc\u00fcme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              Kitapta, iman ve iman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar ve iman\u0131n durum, iman\u0131n 6 \u015fart\u0131, imamet, hilafet, m,ra\u00e7, ictihad ve taklid konular\u0131 inceleniyor. Kitapta incelenen di\u011fer konular ise \u015funlar: S\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcm, ecel, g\u00fcnahkar m\u00fc\u2019minin durumu, r\u00fc\u2019yet, itaat, velayet, r\u0131z\u0131k… \u00d6zel Not: \u0130slam akidesini ehl-i s\u00fcnnet \u00e7izgisinde anlatan muhtasar bir eser. Akaidle alakal\u0131 genel bir malumat …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,540],"tags":[278,1178,74,103,614,1179,58,911,573,1181,1180,393],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3199"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3199"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3202,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3199\/revisions\/3202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}