Warning: include_once(wp-content\plugins\wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase1.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php on line 20

Warning: include_once(): Failed opening 'wp-content\plugins\wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase1.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/opt/cpanel/ea-php70/root/usr/share/pear') in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php on line 20

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads125_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 8

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads120_90_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 129

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads120_60_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 250

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads120_600_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 372

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads120_240_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 493

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads160_600_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 613

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads300_600_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 721

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads250_250_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 830

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads300_100_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 942

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; ads300_250_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-ads.php on line 1054

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_video_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-video.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_posts_list has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-posts.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_login_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-login.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_google_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-google.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_widget_tabs has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-tabbed.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_flickr_photos has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-flickr.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_author_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-author.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; author_post_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-author.php on line 68

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_social_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-social.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_search has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-search.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_slider has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-slider.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; TIE_WeatherWidget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-weather.php on line 220

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_youtube_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-youtube.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_Latest_Tweets has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-twitter.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_timeline_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-timeline.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_facebook_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-facebook.php on line 7

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_categort_posts has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-category.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_news_pic has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-news-pic.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_text_html has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-text-html.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_feedburner_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-feedburner.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_soundcloud has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-soundcloud.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_author_custom has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-author-custom.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_Author_Bio has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-custom-author.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_authors_posts has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-authors-posts.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; tie_comments_avatar has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/widgets/widget-comments-avatar.php on line 6

Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; arqam_lite_counter_widget has a deprecated constructor in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/themes/sahifa/framework/functions/arqam-lite.php on line 736

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-content/advanced-cache.php:20) in /home/cihans5/kocar.org/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1794
{"id":3942,"date":"2016-06-28T16:57:11","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T14:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=3942"},"modified":"2016-06-28T16:57:11","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T14:57:11","slug":"gelecegin-toplumu-ve-nur-risaleleri-taha-f-unal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/gelecegin-toplumu-ve-nur-risaleleri-taha-f-unal\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelece\u011fin Toplumu ve Nur Risaleleri – Taha F. \u00dcnal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alvin Toffler, Amerikal\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Dalga (third wave) Yeni G\u00fc\u00e7ler ve Yeni \u015eoklar (Powershift) ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7evrilen kitaplar\u0131nda, d\u00fcnk\u00fc ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumlarla, yar\u0131n\u0131n toplumunu irdeliyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, tarihin, belki de en keskin viraj\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u015fu d\u00f6nemde Toffler, ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok cidd\u00ee noktalara parmak basmakta ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda da belli kesitleri sunulan gelece\u011fin toplumuna ‘sosyolojik’ a\u00e7\u0131dan \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hemen her bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gibi Toffler de, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 nazar-\u0131 dikkate almam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor! Tarih sath\u0131nda toplumlar\u0131 kategorilendirirken; ve bilhassa ortak hus\u00fbsiyetleriyle ‘eski toplumlar\u0131’ sunarken, bat\u0131l\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yar\u0131na da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc standart bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izgiden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, art\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015fark\u0131nda ve garb\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131, 21. asr\u0131n ‘din’ asr\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k-se\u00e7ik ifade etmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, Toffler’in kitab\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131rken, bir yandan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Dalga ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi yar\u0131nki toplumun pek \u00e7ok hus\u00fbsiyetleriyle hemen Asr-\u0131 Saadeti akla getirdi\u011fini m\u00fc\u015fahede ettik; bir yandan da, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak, Kur’\u00e2n’\u0131n bug\u00fcnden yar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutucu m\u00e2hiyetteki tefsiri olan Nur Ris\u00e2leleri’yle, Asr\u0131n Getirdi\u011fi Teredd\u00fctler, Sonsuz Nur, \u0130nanc\u0131n G\u00f6lgesinde, \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc ve Yoldaki I\u015f\u0131klar gibi eserlerin bir an \u00f6nce d\u00fcnya insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na takdiminin \u00e2cil l\u00fczumuna ve e\u011fer yar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u0130sl\u00e2m h\u00fckmedecekse -ki, bu mevz\u00fbdaki vaadler, hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheye mahal b\u0131rakmayacak derecede a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7iktir- bu eserlerin, bilhassa omuzlar\u0131ndaki mes’\u00fbliyetin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hisseden m\u00fc’minlerce \u00e7ok iyi hazmedilip, hayat\u0131n her safhas\u0131nda uygulama sahas\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesinin vazge\u00e7ilmez gere\u011fine daha bir kuvvetle kanaat getirdik.<\/p>\n

Toffler, tarih \u00e7izgisinde toplumlar\u0131 dalgalar halinde Tar\u0131m Toplumu, Sanayi Toplumu ve Sanayi \u00d6tesi Bilgi Toplumu diye \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131m Toplumu, sanayi ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131 \u00f6ncesi tarih diliminin yerle\u015fik meden\u00ee toplumudur. Bu toplumda hayat\u0131n merkezi k\u00f6yd\u00fc. Ekonominin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve aile yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temelinde toprak vard\u0131. K\u00f6ye g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan hayat tarz\u0131 i\u00e7inde toplum; soylular, din adamlar\u0131, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve k\u00f6leler gibi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirli s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ferdin toplum i\u00e7indeki yerini mensub oldu\u011fu soy belirliyordu. Ekonomi, gayr-i merkeziyet\u00e7iydi ve her topluluk, kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu kendisi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Birinci Dalga denilen Tar\u0131m Toplumu’nca g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iktidar\u0131n temel kayna\u011f\u0131 kuvvet ve \u015fiddetti. \u0130lim, hikmet yo\u011funluklu ve metafizik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. Do\u011frular, tek ve mutlakt\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fim \u00e7ok yava\u015f olup, yenilenme ihtiyac\u0131 hissedilmiyordu. Toplum i\u00e7inde \u015fekil ve sembolik davran\u0131\u015flar \u00f6nemliydi ve halkta um\u00fbm\u00ee bir tevekk\u00fcl anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hadiselerin gidi\u015fat\u0131na teslim olma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi hakimdi. Dairev\u00ee bir gel-git i\u00e7inde idrak edilen zaman i\u00e7in keskin ve belirgin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimleri yoktu. Uzmanla\u015fma mevz\u00fb bahis olmay\u0131p, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi idrak etme gayreti \u00f6n pl\u00e2ndayd\u0131. T\u00fcketime y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131 ve ekonomi, m\u00fc\u015fahhas mal ve emek etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcyordu. Ate\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tercih ve alternatifler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, mevcud \u015fartlara mecburi bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusuydu. \u00dcr\u00fcnler ve mallar standart de\u011fildi. \u0130\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetlerin kuvvetli oldu\u011fu toplumda bilgi ak\u0131m\u0131 zay\u0131f ve teknoloji \u00e7ok iptid\u00e2\u00eeydi. Ula\u015f\u0131m ucuz ve yava\u015ft\u0131. Mek\u00e2nlar belirgindi ve mesafeler uzundu. Yenilik ve orijinalite yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Toplumun birlik ve d\u00fczenini sa\u011flamada, otorite ve korkuya dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet h\u00e2kimdi; ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, toplumu y\u00f6nlendirmede de \u015fiddet k\u00e2f\u00ee geliyordu. Din merkezli hayat i\u00e7inde, madde ile ma’n\u00e2, bedenle de ruh aras\u0131nda denge h\u00e2kimdi. Din\u00ee hayat\u0131 kuvvetli olan insanlar, toplumda en \u00e7ok sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren insanlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Toffler’in Birinci Dalga ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Tar\u0131m Toplumu, ana hus\u00fbsiyetleriyle Avrupa Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 toplumudur. Herhangi bir k\u0131ymet h\u00fckm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda bulunmak, bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n mevz\u00fbuna dahil de\u011filse de, en az\u0131ndan \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeliyiz ki, son birka\u00e7 as\u0131rd\u0131r bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n kendi g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerinden tamamen kendi tarihlerine ve toplumlar\u0131na bakarak verdikleri k\u0131ymet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini aynen benimseyen \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ‘karanl\u0131k m\u00fcnevverleri’, ond\u00f6rt as\u0131rl\u0131k \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunu da ayn\u0131 k\u0131ymet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirip, ‘ihanet’ \u00e7ap\u0131nda hatalara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Mesel\u00e2, Toffler’in \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Dalga ad\u0131yla ele al\u0131p, Bilgi Toplumu ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi gelece\u011fin toplumunu incelerken, zaman zaman kuraca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z paralelliklerde de vurgulayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ond\u00f6rt as\u0131r \u00f6nce ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f Asr-\u0131 Sa\u00e2det d\u00f6neminde olsun, hatt\u00e2 ‘saltanat hil\u00e2feti’ denilen sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde olsun, kuvvet ve \u015fiddet, hi\u00e7bir zaman ne toplumu y\u00f6nlendiren, ne de idarede tek h\u00e2kim g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131flara da ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve derebeylikle tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksine, \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihi, \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ferd h\u00fcrriyet ve kudsiyetinin ve kuvvet yerine hakk\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir \u015fan-\u015feref tarihidir. Yine, en az be\u015fy\u00fcz y\u0131l, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olmu\u015f ilm\u00ee anlay\u0131\u015fta elbette hikmet esas olmu\u015f, metafizi\u011fe hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir yer verilmi\u015f, fakat ak\u0131l, mant\u0131k, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve gerekti\u011finde par\u00e7alara inip inceleme asla g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m, ilimlere m\u00fcthi\u015f bir ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olup, bir bat\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n itiraf\u0131yla: “\u0130nsanl\u0131k, Hz. Muhammed’e kadar % 25’lik bir geli\u015fme kaydettiyse, sadece Hz. Muhammed (sav)\u2019in 23 senelik peygamberli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde bir % 25’lik daha ilerleme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n

Yine, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ilk be\u015f asr\u0131nda bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 o kadar s\u00fcr’atliydi ki, \u0130mam-\u0131 Gaz\u00e2l\u00ee’nin: ‘Tunus’ta yaz\u0131lan kitap, art\u0131k Ba\u011fdat’a \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra geliyor; zaman\u0131m\u0131zda ilim geriledi”s\u00f6z\u00fc, bunun en g\u00fczel delilidir. “\u0130ki g\u00fcn\u00fc birbirine e\u015fit olan zarardad\u0131r” hadis-i \u015ferifini d\u00fcstur edinen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yenilenme ihtiyac\u0131ndan uzak bir hayat s\u00fcrmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Aksi bir iddia, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n o g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve manast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mecus\u00eelik, Mitraizm, Budizm, Hinduizm ve Maniheizm gibi tamamen pasifize edici dinlerin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bir co\u011frafyada kitleleri her bak\u0131mdan harekete ge\u00e7irip, muhte\u015fem ve -ne yaz\u0131k ki- hen\u00fcz incelenememi\u015f ve kavranamam\u0131\u015f bir medeniyete kaynakl\u0131k edi\u015fini izahtan uzak d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki yerli yap\u0131m mikrofonlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir di\u011fer hata da, ‘din’ deyince sadece Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131p, ‘din\u00ee ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 olan insanlar’ ve ‘din merkezli hayat1 denince ak\u0131llar\u0131na kiliselerle manast\u0131rlar\u0131n ve birinci dereceden ruhbanlar\u0131n gelmesidir. Bat\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 bu ‘sek\u00fcler’ anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirme\u011fe ve hayat\u0131n ‘kilise-manast\u0131r’ d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yanlar\u0131n\u0131 dinden ayr\u0131 tutmaya sevketmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, Birinci Dalga toplumlar\u0131nda, din\u00ee ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flam olanlar\u0131n \u00f6n pl\u00e2na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, dine sayg\u0131 kadar, dinin insana kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihan\u015f\u00fcm\u00fbl faziletlerin de insanlar nezdinde ister istemez kab\u00fbl g\u00f6rmesinin neticesidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 DALGA- SANAY\u0130 TOPLUMU<\/b>
\nToffler’in, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi olarak sanayi ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi sanayi toplumu, d\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumla yar\u0131n\u0131n toplumu aras\u0131nda bir ara kesittir ve bir an \u00f6nce a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir anafordur.<\/p>\n

Sanayi toplumunda hedef, tamamen d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131d\u0131r. Bilim, materyalist a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olup, hikmetten mahrum ve ‘indirgemeci-par\u00e7al\u0131’ bir anlay\u0131\u015fa dayal\u0131d\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, say\u0131s\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artan uzmanl\u0131klar, bu bilim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tabi\u00ee bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fta mutlak ve sabit do\u011frulara yer yoktur; bunun yerini iz\u00e2f\u00ee ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da do\u011fru alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabiat, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kudsiyetten uzak, t\u00fcketilecek ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclecek bir meta’d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, sorumsuzca yap\u0131lan bu t\u00fcketimin insan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi gibi m\u00fchim fel\u00e2ketler a\u00e7mas\u0131, bir bak\u0131ma ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fim, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve tek y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr; zaman, dairev\u00ee olmaktan \u00e7ok, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve standart \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimleriyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi \u015feklinde tel\u00e2kki edilmektedir. Hayata ve h\u00e2diselere bak\u0131\u015fta mekanistik sebeplilik esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, tabiat \u00f6tesi ve insan\u00fcst\u00fc bir hakikat, otorite ve d\u00fczenleyicinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebepledir ki, ‘determinizm’ prensibiyle h\u00e2diselerin kontrol edilip, y\u00f6nlendirilebilece\u011fine inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Piyasa ve paran\u0131n h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu ekonomik sistemde, uzmanla\u015fmak realitesi, eme\u011fi ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc pahal\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretici-t\u00fcketici ayr\u0131m\u0131 keskin olup, t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in ve ihtiyaca y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim de\u011fil, al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015f i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ok \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00e2kimdir. \u0130dar\u00ee yap\u0131da demokrasi esasm\u0131\u015f gibi takdim edilse de, para ve servet, ger\u00e7ek g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetlerin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi, ailev\u00ee ve i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee ba\u011flar\u0131n alabildi\u011fine zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sistemde, ferdiyet\u00e7ilik \u00f6n pl\u00e2na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve buna ra\u011fmen fert, alabildi\u011fine zay\u0131ft\u0131r, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fcr; ve dernek, parti, sendika gibi kurulu\u015flarda g\u00fc\u00e7 aramaktad\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k duygusu olduk\u00e7a karakteristik bir h\u00e2l alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teknokratlar daima \u00f6n pl\u00e2nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. A\u011f\u0131r bir b\u00fcrokrasi h\u00e2kimdir. Madde ile ma’n\u00e2 aras\u0131ndaki denge madde lehine, ruh ile beden aras\u0131ndaki denge de beden lehine bozulmu\u015ftur. Hayat, din ve fazilet merkezli olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ekonomi merkezli bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye oturmu\u015ftur. Bilim ve teknolojide meydana gelen ani patlamalar neticesinde insanlar, dine s\u0131rt \u00e7evirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\"s\u00f6zler\"<\/p>\n

Sanayi toplumunda i\u015fleri y\u00f6netenler, piyasay\u0131 ve b\u00fcrokrasiyi ellerinde tutanlard\u0131r. Pl\u00e2nlar\u0131 yapan, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri koyan, gerekli belgeleri ve izinleri veren veya vermeyen, hep onlard\u0131r. \u00dcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve haberle\u015fme onlar\u0131n elindedir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, toplumun b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fck olmu\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren piyasa ve b\u00fcrokrasi tekeli, neticede ortaya b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n da sebebidir. Sanayi ve devlet mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde, bilimde, mill\u00ee savunmada ve \u00fcretim \u00e7ark\u0131nda hiyerar\u015fik bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan bu piyasa ve b\u00fcrokrasi tekeli, i\u00e7tima\u00ee, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyas\u00ee ve iktisad\u00ee kontrol\u00fc elinde tutmaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci dalga toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n fabrikalara, fosil kaynakl\u0131 yak\u0131ta, \u00e7ekirdek aileye oldu\u011fu kadar, bu b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici yap\u0131ya ve iktidar teknisyenlerine de ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci dalga, miktara d\u00f6kemedi\u011fi her \u015feyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen ya da g\u00f6rmezlikten gelen, \u00e7o\u011funlukla kurallara s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya uymay\u0131 \u00f6ven, hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmay\u0131 cezaland\u0131ran, insanlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede basit, protoplazma birimlerine indirgeyen ve her problemi m\u00fchendis kafas\u0131yla inceleme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir sanayi kafas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi i\u00e7inde sadece \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan bu ara d\u00f6nem, merkez bankalar\u0131yla, borsas\u0131yla, d\u00fcnya ticaretiyle, b\u00fcrokratik pl\u00e2nlamac\u0131lar\u0131yla, her \u015feyi miktara d\u00f6ken ve ona g\u00f6re hesap eden zihniyetiyle, kendine has i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131yla, maddeci e\u011filimleriyle, ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7medeki titizli\u011fiyle ve muhasebe mekanizmas\u0131yla, insan i\u00e7in kendine has bir hapishane kurmu\u015ftur. \u0130nsan, bu hapishanede kendisini d\u00fcz bir zaman \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00fcme do\u011fru giden yaln\u0131z bir varl\u0131k olarak tel\u00e2kki etmekte ve herkesten ayr\u0131 bir ferd olarak, ayn\u0131 de\u011ferleri, ayn\u0131 zevkleri ve ayn\u0131 ilgileri payla\u015fan bir dost bulamaman\u0131n \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131 i\u00e7inde tek ba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanayi toplumunun en tesirli silah\u0131 olan enformasyon bombas\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime paralel, imaj patlamalar\u0131 ve haberle\u015fme vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n sonu gelmez h\u00fccumlar\u0131yla zihinleri, temelde bir \u015fey bilmez, fakat sat\u0131hta \u00e7ok \u015fey bilir birer al\u0131c\u0131 durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gazete, dergi, radyo ve televizyon, kitlelerin en m\u00fchim bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130maj geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131, imajlar\u0131n da k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7makta, neticede zihinlerde sabit ve ge\u00e7erli do\u011frular ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler kalmamaktad\u0131r. Her g\u00fcn bir s\u00fcr\u00fc bilimsel ve psikolojik hipotez \u00e7\u00f6p sepetini boylamakta, ideolojiler \u00e7\u00f6kmekte ve \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filer \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden unutulup gitmektedir. Bu arada, birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen siyas\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee sloganlar da, kitlelerin kafas\u0131n\u0131 kemirip durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanayi toplumunun b\u00fct\u00fcn vidalar\u0131ndan art\u0131k SOS sinyalleri gelmektedir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn biyosferi, yani canl\u0131 tabakas\u0131, tamiri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen bir hasara maruzdur. Sular zehirlenmi\u015f, canl\u0131lar yok olmakta, hava kirlili\u011fi had safhaya varm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ucuz enerji ve hammadde giderek yok olmaktad\u0131r. Sosyal yard\u0131m sistemleri, e\u011fitim sistemleri, \u015fehir y\u00f6netimi, beynelmilel finans sistemleri, b\u00fcrokrasi ve idar\u00ee mekanizmalar, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn e\u015fi\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

Gelece\u011fin Toplumu ve RNK<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alvin Toffler, Amerikal\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Dalga (third wave) Yeni G\u00fc\u00e7ler ve Yeni \u015eoklar (Powershift) ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye \u00e7evrilen kitaplar\u0131nda, d\u00fcnk\u00fc ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumlarla, yar\u0131n\u0131n toplumunu irdeliyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, tarihin, belki de en keskin viraj\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u015fu d\u00f6nemde Toffler, ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok cidd\u00ee noktalara parmak basmakta ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda da belli kesitleri sunulan gelece\u011fin toplumuna ‘sosyolojik’ a\u00e7\u0131dan \u0131\u015f\u0131k …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,123],"tags":[1227,316,319,787],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3942"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3942"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3944,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3942\/revisions\/3944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}