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{"id":4690,"date":"2020-01-21T06:43:13","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=4690"},"modified":"2020-01-21T07:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T05:00:30","slug":"ummi-peygamber-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/ummi-peygamber-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcmmi Peygamber (4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu serinin ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcmm\u00ee<\/strong><\/a> kelimesinin Kur\u2019an\u2019daki kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve manalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131ktan sonra Peygamber Efendimizin (sas) hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan hadis, siyer, megazi t\u00fcr\u00fc eserlerdeki bilgilere bakacak ve ard\u0131ndan gelene\u011fe intikal edece\u011fiz demi\u015ftik. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden meseleye bak\u0131nca kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za Hz. Peygamberin okuma yazma bilmez anlam\u0131ndaki \u00fcmmili\u011fine destek olarak ele kullan\u0131lan rivayetler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u015eimdi teker teker bu rivayetleri, yorumlar\u0131, yorumlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerini ve tabii ki kar\u015f\u0131t yorumlar\u0131 birlikte incelemeye tabii tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Bundan sonra da maddeler halinde yazaca\u011f\u0131m bir sonu\u00e7 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile de\u011ferlendirme yapaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mucizeli\u011finin okuma-yazma bilmeme manas\u0131nda \u00fcmm\u00eeli\u011fe dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda en kuvvetli ve en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan hatta Hz. Peygamber\u2019i okuma-yazma bilmez olarak vas\u0131fland\u0131ran zihniyetin temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan \u015fu delildir. Kanaatime g\u00f6re bu delilin temel dayanak olmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan \u015fey, ayet olmas\u0131, ayetin zahiri manas\u0131n\u0131n zihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ilk \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m ve hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi bunun Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mucizeli\u011fi ekseninde yorumlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Tabii s\u00f6z konusu ayet olunca toplumda yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00fczerinden hayli zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f h\u00e2kim kanaatlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin \u00f6n\u00fc k\u0131smen de olsa kesilmektedir. Kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler oto sans\u00fcr ile daha matbaa m\u00fcrekkebi ile bulu\u015fmadan kesilmektedir. Burada ulema ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan aforoz edilmekten korkman\u0131n da rol\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama durum ger\u00e7ekten b\u00f6yle midir? Kur\u2019an bu ayetinde ne demektedir? \u00dcmm\u00ee diyenler bunu nas\u0131l delil olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir? Ayet \u015fu: \u201cSen \u015fu Kur\u2019an\u2019dan \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir kitap okumuyor ve onu sa\u011f elinle yazm\u0131yordun. (Okuyup yazsayd\u0131n) o takdirde bat\u0131l pe\u015finde ko\u015fanlar, \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015ferlerdi.\u201d<\/strong> (29\/48)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gayet a\u00e7\u0131k, \u201cKur\u2019an\u2019dan \u00f6nce kitap okumuyor, elinle de yazm\u0131yordun\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin dolayl\u0131 manas\u0131 \u2018okuma ve yazma bilmiyordun\u2019 demektir. <\/strong>\u015e\u00f6yle ki kim kitap okumaz ve sa\u011f eliyle yazmaz? Elbette okuma ve yazma bilmeyenler? \u00d6yleyse sonu\u00e7, Hz. Peygamber okuma yazma bilmiyordu. Kald\u0131 ki ayetin fezlekesi de bu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 destekliyor; \u201cE\u011fer okuyup yazsayd\u0131n, bat\u0131l pe\u015finde ko\u015fanlar \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015ferdi.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi n\u00fczul ortam\u0131, sebebi, muhataplar\u0131, ayetin \u00f6nceki ve sonraki ayetlerle m\u00fcnasebeti nazara al\u0131nmadan sadece Ankeb\u00fbt suresi 48. ayete bakarak bu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kartmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? M\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama do\u011fru mu? Do\u011fru de\u011fil. Kur\u2019an\u2019daki hi\u00e7bir ayet ve \u00f6zellikle Hz. Peygamberin pratik hayat\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan sosyal, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlara at\u0131flarda bulunan, sorunlar\u0131 dile getirip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcreten, emirler, yasaklar ya da tavsiyeler sunan ayetler tarihi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan kopuk olarak ele al\u0131namaz.<\/strong> Al\u0131n\u0131rsa, asl\u00ee manas\u0131 kaybeder. Halbuki tefsir usul\u00fc kaidelerinin hemen hepsi Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda bunun i\u00e7in ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Zira s\u00f6z konusu olan Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc, iradesi, maksad\u0131, \u00f6nce n\u00fczul toplumundaki muhataplar\u0131na ard\u0131ndan insanl\u0131\u011fa mesaj\u0131d\u0131r. Burada \u0130lahi kelam\u0131 do\u011fru anlama ad\u0131na bir usul ve metodoloji olmazsa Kur\u2019an\u2019a ya da Kur\u2019an\u2019a dayanarak Allah\u2019a her \u015feyi s\u00f6yletmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. D\u00fcn de bug\u00fcn de ve ihtimal yar\u0131n da baz\u0131 ayetlerin bir slogan hatta bir silah gibi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan da i\u015fte budur. Bu duruma d\u00fc\u015fmemek ad\u0131na Ankeb\u00fbt 48. ayetini tek ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz unsurlara riayet ederek incelemek zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belki s\u00f6z uzayacak ama uzama bahas\u0131na da olsa bu ayetle alakal\u0131 bir k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in geni\u015f say\u0131labilecek a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak gerekiyor. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Ankeb\u00fbt suresi m\u00fcfessirlerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 kanaatine g\u00f6re Medine\u2019ye hicret \u00f6ncesi Mekke\u2019nin son g\u00fcnlerinde nazil olmu\u015ftur. Bu bir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki;<\/strong> konu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda s\u00fcrenin 46 ila 52 ayetleri bir k\u00fcme olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u00fcmede bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Medine\u2019ye hicret etmi\u015f geri kalanlar\u0131 da hicret etme haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan ve Mekke\u2019ye nispetle ehli kitap olan Yahudi ve H\u0131ristiyanlarla \u00e7ok daha s\u0131k dokulu bir ili\u015fkiye girecek olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara uyar\u0131lar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onlarla m\u00fcnasebetlerde onlar\u0131n muhtemel ya da vaki itirazlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir arg\u00fcman geli\u015ftirecekleri ve nas\u0131l bir tutum alacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmektedir. Mesela 46 ve 47. ayette \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201c\u0130\u00e7lerinden size zulmedenleri hari\u00e7 ehli kitap ile en g\u00fczel \u015fekliyle konu\u015fup tart\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve onlara \u015f\u00f6yle deyin: \u201cBiz hem bize indirilen Kur\u2019an\u2019a hem de size indirilen Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019e iman ettik. Bizim ilahimiz da sizin \u0130lahiniz da birdir ve biz sadece O\u2019na teslim olmu\u015fuz. Daha \u00f6nceki peygamberlere indirdi\u011fimiz gibi sana da kitab\u0131 (Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131) indirdik. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kendilerine kitap (Tevrat ve \u0130ncil) indirdi\u011fimiz ki\u015filer (Yahudiler ve H\u0131ristiyanlar)  aras\u0131nda Kur\u2019an\u2019a inanan ve inanacak olanlar var. M\u00fc\u015frikler aras\u0131nda da ona iman edecek olanlar var. Bizim ayetlerimizi kafirlikte direnenlerden ba\u015fkas\u0131 ink\u00e2r etmez.\u201d <\/strong>Yaz\u0131 daha fazla uzamas\u0131n diye bu 7 ayetin manas\u0131n\u0131 vermiyorum ama isterseniz tam da burada yaz\u0131y\u0131 okumay\u0131 kesip bir Kur\u2019an mealinden di\u011fer ayetlerin meallerini okuyun. Anlam b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok net olarak g\u00f6receksiniz. \u0130\u015fte sadece 48. ayeti bu ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131p tek ba\u015f\u0131na ele almak asl\u00ee manadan uzakla\u015fmay\u0131 ve bahsini etti\u011fimiz yorumlar\u0131 beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iki nokta ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yer alan iki ayetin manas\u0131n\u0131 verdikten sonra konumuza esas te\u015fkil eden ayete ge\u00e7ebilirim. 48. ayette yer alan \u201ckitap\u201d tan kas\u0131t hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00f6nceki kutsal ve \u0130lahi kitaplard\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka tabirle Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019dir. Bu konuda m\u00fcfessirler aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ihtilaf yoktur. O zaman \u201cKur\u2019an\u2019dan \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir kitap okumuyordun ve yazm\u0131yordun\u201d demek, Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019i okumuyor ve yazm\u0131yordun demektir.<\/strong> \u00d6yleyse onlar\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n \u0130lahi kelam senin de Allah\u2019\u0131n peygamberi olmas\u0131 noktas\u0131ndaki \u015f\u00fcpheleri yersizdir.<\/strong> Zira e\u011fer Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019i okuyup yazsayd\u0131n onlar \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015fmekte hakl\u0131 olabilirlerdi. Demek ki buradaki vurgu Hz. Peygamberin okuma yazma bilmez olu\u015fu de\u011fil, vahyin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Allah oldu\u011funad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kald\u0131 ki hemen arkas\u0131ndan gelen 49  ayet bu yoruma desteklemektedir: \u201cBu Kur\u2019an, kendilerine ilim verilmi\u015f, Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ile be\u015ferin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ay\u0131rt etme kabiliyeti ihsan edilmi\u015f, \u0130lahi kelam\u0131 do\u011fru bilgi ile anlama kabiliyeti ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f  insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerinde yer eden hak ve hakikat mesajlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bizim ayetlerimizi bile bile inkar edenler ancak kafirlik ve m\u00fc\u015friklikte \u015fartlanm\u0131\u015f zalimlerdir.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kur\u2019an hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6yleyebilecek hi\u00e7 bir s\u00f6zleri, dile getirecekleri itirazlar\u0131 kalmayan m\u00fc\u015frikler bu defa 50. ayette daha \u00f6nceki peygamberlere verilmi\u015f mucizelerden dem vurarak Hz. Muhammed\u2019e de mucizeler verilmeli de\u011fil mi gerek\u00e7esi ile inatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve  itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/strong> Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilen cevap \u00e7ok nettir: \u201cEy Peygamber! De ki onlara; \u201cmucize indirmek Allah\u2019\u0131n elindedir. Ben sadece sizi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a uyaran bir el\u00e7iyim. Kendilerine tebli\u011f edilen bu Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 sana g\u00f6ndermi\u015f olmam\u0131z (mucize olarak) onlara yetmiyor mu? \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki Kur\u2019an\u2019da rahmet ve iki cihan bahtiyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na insan\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131racak nasihatler vard\u0131r; fakat bunu anlayacak olanlar iman edenlerdir.\u201d Kur\u2019an bu eksendeki son tavsiyesini vaki veya muhtemel bir tutumu merkeze alarak ba\u011flar. Vaki veya muhtemel dedi\u011fimiz husus, muhataplar\u0131n inanmama eksenindeki tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla devam ettirmeleridir. \u015e\u00f6yle der Allah: <\/strong>\u201cDe ki onlara \u201cAram\u0131zsa \u015fahit olarak Allah yeter. O g\u00f6klerde ve yerde olan\u0131 bilir. Bat\u0131la uyup Allah\u2019\u0131 inkar edenler h\u00fcsrana u\u011frayacak olanlar\u0131n ta kendileridir.\u201d (29\/52)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48.ayete geri d\u00f6nelim ve ayn\u0131 soruyu de\u011fi\u015ftirerek farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde soral\u0131m; acaba burada Hz. Peygamber\u2019i merkeze alacak olursak kast edilen okuma yazma bilmemesi mi yoksa ehli kitab\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n muhtevas\u0131na vak\u0131f olmamas\u0131 m\u0131? Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 merkeze al\u0131rsak, vahyin kayna\u011f\u0131 m\u0131? Yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z n\u00fczul sebebi, n\u00fczul ortam\u0131, muhataplar\u0131, ayetin \u00f6nceki ve sonraki ayetlerle m\u00fcnasebeti ve verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k mesaja bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kast edilen Allahu a\u2019lem Peygamber Efendimizin (sas) ehl-i kitab\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n muhtevalar\u0131na vak\u0131f olmamas\u0131 ve vahyin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da buradan neden Allahu a\u2019lem dediniz diyebilirsiniz. S\u00f6z konusu olan Allah\u2019\u0131n beyan\u0131 olunca ba\u015fka ne denilebilir ki? Hele bu eksende Allah\u2019\u0131n maksad\u0131 budur \u015feklinde Allah\u2019\u0131n peygamberinin bir beyan\u0131 yoksa.  Ulemam\u0131z\u0131n bize g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu en temkinli yoldur bu. \u201cEn do\u011frusunu Allah bilir\u201d, \u201cO\u2019nun murad\u0131n\u0131 en iyi Kendisi bilir\u201ddenilmesinin alt\u0131nda yatan neden budur. Usul ilmindeki \u201ce\u015fbel bi\u2019l hak\u201d nazariyesinin ortaya at\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi de bu de\u011fil midir zaten? Bununla beraber ehli kitab\u0131n itirazlar\u0131n\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelerini kaale ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ikinci manan\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve hem akla hem hikmete daha yak\u0131n ve uygun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekten de dur olmuyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pekala Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mucizevi olu\u015funu belirtmek amac\u0131yla okur yazar olan insanlar\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n haydi bir benzerini getirin meydan okumas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir ayete nazire getirememesi ama \u00fcmm\u00ee olan (okuma-yazmas\u0131 olmayan anlam\u0131nda) Hz. Peygamberin Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 getirmesi \u015feklindeki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131n hi\u00e7 mi de\u011feri yoktur? <\/strong>Bir sonraki yaz\u0131da buradan devam edece\u011fim in\u015fallah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: TR724<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN Bu serinin ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcmm\u00ee kelimesinin Kur\u2019an\u2019daki kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve manalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131ktan sonra Peygamber Efendimizin (sas) hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan hadis, siyer, megazi t\u00fcr\u00fc eserlerdeki bilgilere bakacak ve ard\u0131ndan gelene\u011fe intikal edece\u011fiz demi\u015ftik. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden meseleye bak\u0131nca kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za Hz. Peygamberin okuma yazma bilmez anlam\u0131ndaki \u00fcmmili\u011fine destek olarak ele kullan\u0131lan rivayetler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u015eimdi teker teker bu rivayetleri, yorumlar\u0131, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4690"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4690"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4690\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4709,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4690\/revisions\/4709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}