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{"id":4693,"date":"2020-01-21T06:46:54","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=4693"},"modified":"2020-01-21T06:59:53","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:59:53","slug":"ummi-peygamber-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/ummi-peygamber-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcmmi Peygamber (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi<\/a> \u015fu soru ile bitiyordu: \u201cPekala Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mucizevi olu\u015funu belirtmek amac\u0131yla okur yazar olan insanlar\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n haydi bir benzerini getirin diye meydan okumas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir ayete nazire getirememesi ama umm\u00ee olan (okuma-yazmas\u0131 olmayan anlam\u0131nda) Hz. Peygamberin Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 getirmesi \u015feklindeki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131n hi\u00e7 mi de\u011feri yoktur?<\/strong>\u201d Benim bu soruya cevab\u0131m, elbette var. Var ama bu Hz. Peygamber\u2019in okur-yazar olmamas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmak noktas\u0131nda bana g\u00f6re zay\u0131f bir arg\u00fcman. Alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyorum: \u201cbana g\u00f6re.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nce bu yorumu yapanlar\u0131n arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 dile getireyim: E\u011fer Peygamber Efendimiz okuma-yazma bilseydi, ayetin fezlekesinde de ifade edildi\u011fi gibi m\u00fc\u015frikler Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n Allah kelam\u0131 oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphe duyarlard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir \u015f\u00fcphe M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde de belirebilirdi. B\u00f6ylesi bir \u015f\u00fcphe ise Peygamberlik misyonu ad\u0131na \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir handikap olurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, ben arg\u00fcman\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u201cNeden? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz \u00fczere Ankebut 47-52 ayetleri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak m\u00fctalaa etti\u011fimizde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan arka plan Efendimizin okur yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ziyade Kur\u2019an vahyinin kayna\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir m\u00fczakerenin\/tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ya da \u015f\u00fcphenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.<\/strong> M\u00fc\u015frikler ya da ehli kitap Hz. Peygamber\u2019i Tevrat veya \u0130ncil\u2019den birtak\u0131m bilgiler a\u015f\u0131rma ile itham edip vahyin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu ba\u011flamda \u201cSen daha \u00f6nceden herhangi bir ilahi kitab\u0131 okumu\u015f yazm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildin\u201d <\/strong>denilmesi \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hatta meydan okuyu\u015ftur<\/strong>. Ama bu, Hz. Peygamberin okur yazar olmamas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil ilahi kitaplar\u0131n muhtevas\u0131n\u0131 bilmemesi ve Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 kendisinin yazabilecek bir idrak ve g\u00fcce sahip olmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/strong> Nitekim bu arka plan\u0131 g\u00f6zeten ki\u015filer ayete mana verirken bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015fler ve \u201cSen daha \u00f6nceden g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f \u0130lahi kelamlar\u0131 okumam\u0131\u015ft\u0131n; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 kendi elinle yazabilecek durumda da de\u011fildin\u201d<\/strong> demi\u015flerdir ki bize g\u00f6re do\u011fru mana da bu olsa gerektir. Laf\u0131z ve maksad\/ama\u00e7 birlikteli\u011fi ayete zaten b\u00f6yle manan\u0131n verilmesini zaruri k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kald\u0131 ki mesele Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ise buna y\u00f6nelik Kur\u2019an hem Peygamber Efendimizi hem de s\u00f6z konusu itirazlar\u0131 yapan veya \u015f\u00fcphelenen ki\u015fileri merkeze koyarak \u00e7ok net beyanlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Hz. Peygamber\u2019e y\u00f6nelik \u015funu diyor Kur\u2019an: \u201c\u015eayet Peygamber birtak\u0131m s\u00f6zler uydurup bize isnat edecek olsayd\u0131 biz onun takat\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kuvvetini derhal keser, sonra da can damar\u0131n\u0131 kopar\u0131verirdik. O zaman sizin i\u00e7inizden hi\u00e7 kimse buna engel olamazd\u0131.\u201d (H\u00e2kka\/44-47) <\/strong>Asl\u0131nda bu ayet ayn\u0131 konu \u00fczerinde m\u00fc\u015friklerin \u015f\u00fcphelerine y\u00f6nelik verilmi\u015f cevaplar\u0131n son par\u00e7as\u0131. \u00d6ncesinde \u015funu diyor Allah: \u201c(Ey m\u00fc\u015frikler!) G\u00f6rebildi\u011finiz ve g\u00f6remedi\u011finiz \u015feyler \u00fczerine yemin ederek diyorum ki bu Kur\u2019an \u015fanl\u0131-\u015ferefli bir el\u00e7inin dilinden d\u00f6k\u00fclen bir kelamd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o bir \u015fair s\u00f6z\u00fc de\u011fildir. Ne var ki siz bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe inanm\u0131yorsunuz. \u015eunu bilin ki Kur\u2019an bir k\u00e2hin s\u00f6z\u00fc de de\u011fildir. Ama siz bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorsunuz. O alemlerin rabbi Allah kat\u0131ndan indirilmi\u015ftir.\u201d (H\u00e2kka\/38-43)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 istikamette Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201ctehaddi\u201d<\/strong> dedi\u011fimiz Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n benzerini getirme noktas\u0131nda meydan okumay\u0131 ihtiva eden ayetleri de bu kategoride de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz. Mesela: \u201cMadem ki o kafirler\/m\u00fc\u015frikler \u201cKur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 Muhammed uydurdu\u201d diyorlar; o halde sen de \u015f\u00f6yle onlara: \u201cE\u011fer bu iddian\u0131zda tutarl\u0131 ve samimi iseniz, haydi Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrelerine benzer on s\u00fcre de siz uydurun da g\u00f6relim. Hem bu i\u015fi yapabilmek i\u00e7in Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka yard\u0131m alabilece\u011finiz kim varsa (putlar\u0131n\u0131z, \u015fairleriniz, kahinleriniz) hepsini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131n ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131n. E\u011fer onlar \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131za cevap vermezlerse bilin ki bu Kur\u2019an ancak Allah\u2019\u0131n ilmiyle indirilmi\u015ftir ve O\u2019ndan ba\u015fka ilah yoktur. \u00d6yleyse, art\u0131k O\u2019na teslim olman\u0131z gerekir, de\u011fil mi?\u201d (Hud,13-14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u015friklere Kur\u2019an ayetlerinin benzerini getirme konusunda meydan okuyan di\u011fer iki ayet ise \u015funlard\u0131r: \u201c(Ey Muhammed!) De ki: \u201c\u0130nsanlar ve cinler, bu Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n bir benzerini getirmek \u00fczere bir araya gelseler, hatta bu u\u011furda birbirlerine yard\u0131m edip destek verseler, yine de onun bir benzerini getiremezler.\u201d(\u0130sra, 88) \u201cMadem ki kulumuz Muhammed\u2019e indirdi\u011fimiz Kur\u2019an ayetlerinden \u015f\u00fcphe duyuyorsunuz, haydi onun s\u00fcrelerinden birisi gibi bir s\u00fcre getirin de g\u00f6relim. Bunun i\u00e7in Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka yard\u0131m alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ba\u015fka kim varsa (putlar\u0131n\u0131z, kahinleriniz, \u015fairleriniz) hepsini yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131n; e\u011fer s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fczde do\u011fru kimseler iseniz. (Bakara, 23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu eksende dikkat \u00e7ekmek istedi\u011fimiz son ayet ise \u015fudur: \u201cOnlar neden hala Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 tedebb\u00fcr etmez, samimiyetle, i\u00e7tenlikle anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazlar?  E\u011fer Kuran Allahtan ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir kelam olsayd\u0131 kesinlikle onda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ve tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar bulurlard\u0131.\u201d (Nisa, 82)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mdi Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 konusunda te\u2019vil ve tefsir istemeyen bu kadar a\u00e7\u0131k, se\u00e7ik ve net beyanlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu, ha\u015fa ve kella Hz. Peygamberin kendi beyan\u0131n\u0131 Allah kelam\u0131 olarak ortaya koymas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011fi, b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye cesaret etse Allah\u2019\u0131n \u015fah damar\u0131n\u0131 kopar\u0131rd\u0131k ayeti, benzerini getirme ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki meydan okuyan ayetler ve Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait olsayd\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkiler bulurdunuz gibi deliller Hz. Peygamberi okuma yazma bilmez insan yapmaya ihtiya\u00e7 b\u0131rakm\u0131yor diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca meallerini verdi\u011fimiz ayetlerin Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n Allah kelam\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesi ile yakla\u015fan m\u00fc\u015frik Araplar ve ehli kitaba Hz. Peygamberi okuma yazma bilmez delilinden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve m\u00fcskit\/susturucu oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle vahyin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Allah oldu\u011fu izah ya da ispat etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu okuma-yazma bilmeyen bir kavme mensup diye Hz. Peygamberi de o kategori i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirme ve \u201cbak\u0131n\u0131z Kur\u2019an gibi bir kitab\u0131 i\u015fte bu okuma-yazma bilmeyen \u00fcmmi bir insan\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, \u00f6yleyse ilahidir\u201d demek \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir delil olarak ortada durmuyor. Maddeler halinde de\u011ferlendirme yapaca\u011f\u0131m sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek vurgulayaca\u011f\u0131m bir hususu yeri gelmi\u015fken burada yazay\u0131m; Peygamberlik \u00f6ncesi hayat\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ticaret yapan gerek kendi ticareti gerekse ticaret kervanlar\u0131na ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yaparak ba\u015fkalar\u0131 ad\u0131na \u015eam\u2019a defalarca giden bir t\u00fcccar insan\u0131, o toplumun okuma yazma bilmeyen \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde de\u011fil, aksine okuma yazma bilen az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6stermek \u00e7ok daha do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada okuma-yazma bilmemenin bug\u00fcn modern d\u00fcnya insan\u0131n\u0131n zihninde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan ve Hz. Peygamber gibi k\u0131yamete kadar gelecek milyarlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n liderine bunu yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramama acaba \u015fu ana kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yorumlarda rol oynuyor olamaz m\u0131?<\/strong> Bu soru benim de akl\u0131ma defalarca geldi. Ama bu yaz\u0131 ile birlikte be\u015f yaz\u0131y\u0131 dikkatlice okuyan ve bunlar\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde m\u00fctalaa eden okuyucular takdir edecektir ki \u015fahsen benim zihnimin arka plan\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ya da kayg\u0131 yok. Hz. Peygamber okuma-yazma bilmemi\u015f olsa bile benim ona iman\u0131mda de\u011fi\u015fen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmaz. Benim bu yaz\u0131 dizisi ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fey, \u00fcmmi kelimesinin s\u00f6zl\u00fck ve \u0131st\u0131lah\u00ee manalar\u0131n\u0131 vermek, n\u00fczul toplumunda bu kelimenin hangi anlamlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek, Kur\u2019an\u2019da tekil ve \u00e7o\u011ful formlar\u0131yla ge\u00e7en \u00fcmmi kelimelerinin te\u2019vil ve tefsirlere dayanarak \u00f6zg\u00fcn manalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak ve \u00fcmmili\u011fe delil olarak getirilen yorumlar\u0131 bu perspektiften de\u011ferlendirip \u00f6zellikle ayetlerde laf\u0131z-maksad b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden hat\u0131rlatmaktan ibaret. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ankebut s\u00fcresi 48. Ayetin tefsirinde h\u00e2kim kanaate muhalif say\u0131labilecek bir yorum da buna dahildir. Bir kez daha tekrar edeyim, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mu\u2019ciz olu\u015fu, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Allah oldu\u011funu ifade etmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu ayetten dolayl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mla yaparak Hz. Peygamber okuma yazma bilmezdi yorumunu yapman\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylesi bir yorumun ayetin asli manas\u0131 ve verdi\u011fi mesajdan \u00e7ok uzak bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bir noktaya daha bir iki c\u00fcmle ile i\u015faret edip nazil olan ilk ayette ben okuma bilmem, biz \u00fcmmi bir \u00fcmmetiz ve Hudeybiye anla\u015fmas\u0131nda Muhammedun Resullullah kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmesi i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019ye o c\u00fcmlenin yerini g\u00f6stermesi meselelerine ge\u00e7ece\u011fim. Son nokta dedi\u011fim husus \u015fu: Kur\u2019an da yer alan baz\u0131 ayetlerin Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019de ge\u00e7en baz\u0131 ayetlerle ya da \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edelim \u00f6nceki \u0130lahi kitaplarla Kur\u2019an\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle k\u0131ssalarda g\u00f6z\u00fcken benzerlikler, ha\u015fa ve kella Hz. Peygamberin onlardan iktibas etmesini, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet \u00f6ncesi o kitaplar\u0131 okudu\u011funu-yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil kaynak beraberli\u011fini yani Allah\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/strong> Onun i\u00e7in bu benzerliklerden hareketle Hz. Peygamber\u2019i okuma-yazma bilmez diye nitelendirmenin rasyonel bir dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. \u00d6nceki yaz\u0131larda da ifade etti\u011fimiz gibi gerek Kur\u2019an ayetleri gerekse n\u00fczul toplumundaki yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131\u015f\u0131 itibariyle \u00fcmmi\u2019nin Mekke\u2019li olma, ehli kitaba mensup olmama ve \u0130lahi kitaplar\u0131n muhteviyat\u0131ndan habersiz bulunma, bir ki\u015finin annesine nispetle annesinden do\u011fdu\u011fu g\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi okuma yazma bilmez manas\u0131ndaki \u00fcmmi\u2019den \u00e7ok daha realist bir kullan\u0131ma sahiptir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: TR724<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi \u015fu soru ile bitiyordu: \u201cPekala Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mucizevi olu\u015funu belirtmek amac\u0131yla okur yazar olan insanlar\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n haydi bir benzerini getirin diye meydan okumas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir ayete nazire getirememesi ama umm\u00ee olan (okuma-yazmas\u0131 olmayan anlam\u0131nda) Hz. Peygamberin Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 getirmesi \u015feklindeki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131n hi\u00e7 mi de\u011feri yoktur?\u201d Benim bu soruya cevab\u0131m, elbette …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4693"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4693"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4708,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4693\/revisions\/4708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}