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{"id":4696,"date":"2020-01-21T06:50:20","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=4696"},"modified":"2020-01-21T06:59:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T04:59:00","slug":"ummi-peygamber-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/ummi-peygamber-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcmmi Peygamber (6)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/em><\/a> nazil olan ilk ayette \u201cben okuma bilmem\u201d, hilalin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi konusunda \u201cbiz \u00fcmmi bir \u00fcmmetiz\u201d ve Hudeybiye anla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resullullah\u201d kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmesi i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019ye o c\u00fcmlenin yerini g\u00f6stermesi meselelerine ge\u00e7ece\u011fim diye bitirmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herkesin bildi\u011fi gibi Alak s\u00fcresinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ve \u201cikra\u201d diye ba\u015flayan be\u015f ayet ilk nazil olan ayetler olarak bilinir. Ger\u00e7i Kur\u2019an tarih\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda M\u00fcddessir ya da Fatiha s\u00fcresinin ilk inen sure oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenler de vard\u0131r. Rivayete g\u00f6re Hira ma\u011faras\u0131nda zaman zaman tehann\u00fcs ya da tehann\u00fcf eden Hz. Peygamber (sas) Cebrail (as) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Tehann\u00fcs uzlete \u00e7ekilme, inzivada bulunma; tehann\u00fcf ise Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in dininin \u00f6\u011fretilere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ibadet yapma manalar\u0131na gelir. Bir \u00e7ok kaynakta ge\u00e7en ifadeye g\u00f6re \u201cMelek bana okumam\u0131 emretti. Kendisine okuma bilmedi\u011fimi s\u00f6yledim. Beni kollar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na al\u0131p kuvvetle s\u0131kt\u0131; sonra \u2018oku!\u2019 dedi.\u201d \u00dc\u00e7 defa tekerr\u00fcr eden bu muhavereden sonra Cebrail (as) yukar\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi Alak s\u00fcresinin ilk be\u015f ayetini Efendimiz\u2019e bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konumuzu alakadar eden yani itibariyle Hz. Peygamber\u2019in Cebrail\u2019in ikra\/oku demesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fi cevap olan \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d demesidir. Burada \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d genelde \u201cben okuma bilmem\u201d \u015feklinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye  terc\u00fcme edilir. Bu manaya g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m alabildi\u011fine nettir; \u201cben okuma bilmem\u201d dedi\u011fini g\u00f6re demek ki Allah Resul\u00fc okuma yazma bilmiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mdi; burada iki nokta \u00fczerinde durmam\u0131z gerek. Bir; ikra kelimesinin l\u00fcgat ve \u0131st\u0131lahi manalar\u0131 ve bu manalar ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak tercih; ikincisi \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d rivayeti tek mi, ba\u015fka c\u00fcmlelerle hadisenin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu mu ve e\u011fer anlat\u0131l\u0131yorsa kullan\u0131lan kelimelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak o c\u00fcmlenin anlam\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zl\u00fck manas\u0131 itibariyle \u201cikra\u201dn\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden ka-re-e fiili, cem etmek, toplamak, birle\u015ftirmek, ula\u015ft\u0131rmak, iletmek, duyurmak, incelemek, ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve okumak<\/strong> manalar\u0131na gelir. Kur\u2019an\u2019da m\u00fc\u015ftaklar\u0131 ile beraber 88 yerde ge\u00e7en bu kelime, kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 itibariyle yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z manalardan birine denk gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka-re-e kelimesinin bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck manalar\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131p metin merkezli terc\u00fcme yapacak oldu\u011fumuzda, her bir mana di\u011ferine nispetle \u00f6nde veya arkada de\u011fil e\u015f de\u011ferdedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla emir kipi ile zikredilen \u201cikra\u2019\u201d fiiline \u201coku\u201d manas\u0131 verilebilece\u011fi gibi cem et, topla, birle\u015ftir, ula\u015ft\u0131r, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na duyur, incele, ara\u015ft\u0131r manalar\u0131 da verilebilir. Burada birisini di\u011ferine tercih etmenin bir nedeni olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve bu neden kendi i\u00e7inde tutarl\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu zaviyeden bak\u0131nca Hz. Peygamber okuma yazma bilmez manas\u0131nda \u201c\u00fcmmidir\u201d dedi\u011finiz zaman \u201cikra\u201d ayetine \u201coku\u201d manas\u0131 vermek kendi i\u00e7inde tutarl\u0131 ve do\u011frudur. Ama \u00fcmmi\u2019nin di\u011fer manalar\u0131n\u0131 yani ehli kitap olmama, \u0130lahi kitaplar\u0131n muhteviyat\u0131na vak\u0131f olmama, Mekke\u2019li manalar\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131rsan\u0131z \u201coku\u201d yerine \u201cbu vahiyleri cem et, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na duyur, tebli\u011f et\u201d \u015feklinde anlam vermek \u00e7ok daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Zira ikra\u2019 fiilinin Hz. Peygamberin okuma yazma bilmesi ya da bilmemesi ile hi\u00e7bir alakas\u0131 yoktur. Hatta Hz. Peygamberin peygamberlik misyonunun bu ayet ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursan\u0131z, \u201cduyurma, tebli\u011f etme\u201d manas\u0131n\u0131n verilmesinin \u201coku\u201dya nispetle daha a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu ve daha do\u011fru oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/strong> Bunun i\u00e7indir ki baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cikra bismirabbikellezi halak\u201d ayetine \u201cYaratan Rabbinin ad\u0131n\u0131 duyur\u201d ya da \u201cYaratan Rabbinin ad\u0131na\/ad\u0131yla O\u2019nun ayetlerini  duyur, tebli\u011f et\u201d <\/strong>manas\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Tam da burada bir ilave daha yapal\u0131m; Kur\u2019an\u2019a Kur\u2019an isminin verilmesinin nedeni olarak g\u00f6sterilen, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131ssalar\u0131, emir ve yasaklar\u0131 cem etmesi\/ toplamas\u0131d\u0131r de\u011ferlendirmesi ka-re-e\u2019ye okuma de\u011fil cem etme toplama manas\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeri gelmi\u015fken Cabiri\u2019nin dile getirdi\u011fi bir hakikati burada hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m; okuma yazma bilmeme Peygamberli\u011fin \u015fartlar\u0131nda biri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, onu m\u00fckemmel k\u0131lacak vas\u0131flar aras\u0131nda da de\u011fildir. Kimsenin bunu dile getirdi\u011fini ve bu y\u00fczden \u00fcmmi\u2019ye okuma yazma bilmez manas\u0131 verdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemiyorum ama dile getirdi\u011fi delillere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin zihnin arka plan\u0131nda var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmemek de imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci hususa gelince; \u00f6ncelikle \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin literal terc\u00fcmesi \u201cben okuma bilmem\u201d de\u011fil \u201cben okuyan biri de\u011filim\u201d \u015feklinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ikisi aras\u0131nda bir fark yok, ayn\u0131 mana ve muhtevay\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yor diyebilirsiniz. Do\u011frudur. Ben de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteyim. Ama madem kelime ve o kelimelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131plardan hareketle lafzi terc\u00fcme yap\u0131yor ve bu lafzi terc\u00fcme \u00fczerinden metin merkezli yorumlarda bulunuyoruz bunun bilinmesi gerekir. \u201cM\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d, \u201cben okuyan biri de\u011filim\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d lafz\u0131yla bize intikal eden hadis Buhari\u2019de Bed\u2019u\u2019l vahy isimli bab\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hadisidir. Ma kelimesi buradan nefy\/olumsuzluk edat\u0131d\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mana ben okuyan biri de\u011filim, okuma bilmem\u201d \u015feklinde terc\u00fcme edilir. Ama baz\u0131 dilbilimciler \u2018m\u00e2\u2019 edat\u0131n\u0131 soru edat\u0131 olarak da al\u0131nabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Bu durumda \u2018m\u00e2\u2019 soru edat\u0131 \u201cbe\u201d zaid yani anlama etkisi olmayan harf olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir ki bu durumda mana \u201cne okuyay\u0131m, neyi okuyay\u0131m\u201d \u015feklinde verilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da burada yukar\u0131da sordu\u011fumuz soruya ve cevab\u0131na ge\u00e7me zaman\u0131. Soru \u015fuydu; \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d rivayeti tek mi, ba\u015fka c\u00fcmlelerde hadisenin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu mu ve e\u011fer varsa kullan\u0131lan c\u00fcmlelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak o c\u00fcmlenin anlam\u0131.\u201d Evet b\u00f6yle rivayetler var. Mesela Taberi, Tarihu\u2019l-\u00dcmem ve\u2019l M\u00fcl\u00fbk adl\u0131 eserinde Hira\u2019daki ilk vahy hikayesini anlat\u0131rken \u201cM\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d yerine \u201cm\u00e2 akrau\u201d ve \u201cm\u00e2z\u00e2 akrau\u201d kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ile anlat\u0131r ki manas\u0131 \u201cne okuyay\u0131m\u201d ve \u201cneyi okuyay\u0131m\u201d demektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikkat ederseniz ikincisi diye ba\u015flay\u0131p gerek \u201cm\u00e2 ene bik\u00e2riin\u201d<\/strong> gerekse \u201cm\u00e2 akrau\u201d ve \u201cm\u00e2z\u00e2 akrau\u201d <\/strong>c\u00fcmlelerini biraz da teknik say\u0131labilecek detaylara girerek ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z  yukar\u0131daki iki paragrafta ka-re-e fiilini hep okumak manas\u0131 \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirdik. Halbuki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ifade etti\u011fimiz \u201ccem etmek, toplamak, birle\u015ftirmek, ula\u015ft\u0131rmak, iletmek, duyurmak, incelemek, ara\u015ft\u0131rmak\u201d manalar\u0131n\u0131 verecek oldu\u011fumuzda mana elbette de\u011fi\u015fecektir. Mesela bizim de kail oldu\u011fumuz duyurma ve tebli\u011f etme anlam\u0131n\u0131 tercih etti\u011fimiz zaman \u201cne duyuray\u0131m, ne tebli\u011f edeyim\u201d ve \u201cneyi duyuray\u0131m, neyi tebli\u011f edeyim\u201d demek olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kald\u0131 ki \u015fimdiye kadar yazmak i\u00e7in zaman m\u00fcnasebet arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir hususu daha belirteyim; ikra\u2019ya oku manas\u0131 verildi\u011finde akla d\u00fc\u015fen \u015fu soruya nas\u0131l cevap verilecek; Hz. Cebrail Hz. Peygamber\u2019e okunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kitap ya da bir metin mi verdi ki okumas\u0131n\u0131 isteyecek? E\u011fer Alak s\u00fcresinin ilk be\u015f ayetini \u201cmetin ve kitap\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirecek olursan\u0131z bu sorunun cevab\u0131 nettir; demek ki Cebrail (as) Hz. Peygamberin okuma bildi\u011fini biliyordu. Aksi takdirde okuma bilmeyen bir insana \u201coku\u201d emri verilmesinin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00e7ok zor hatta imk\u00e2ns\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biliyorum \u00e7ok uzad\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizisi. Fakat akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve yay\u0131nlara konu olabilecek b\u00f6ylesi mevzular\u0131 gazete k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131nca geride yapacak bir \u015fey yok. Haftaya devam edece\u011fim nasipse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: TR724<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YORUM | AHMET KURUCAN Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 nazil olan ilk ayette \u201cben okuma bilmem\u201d, hilalin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi konusunda \u201cbiz \u00fcmmi bir \u00fcmmetiz\u201d ve Hudeybiye anla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cMuhammed\u00fcn Resullullah\u201d kayd\u0131n\u0131 silmesi i\u00e7in Hz. Ali\u2019ye o c\u00fcmlenin yerini g\u00f6stermesi meselelerine ge\u00e7ece\u011fim diye bitirmi\u015ftik. Herkesin bildi\u011fi gibi Alak s\u00fcresinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ve \u201cikra\u201d diye ba\u015flayan be\u015f ayet ilk nazil olan ayetler …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,410],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4696"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4696"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4707,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4696\/revisions\/4707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}