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{"id":824,"date":"2014-06-26T12:02:25","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=824"},"modified":"2014-06-26T12:47:24","modified_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:47:24","slug":"dusunen-bir-vaiz-fethullah-gulen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/dusunen-bir-vaiz-fethullah-gulen\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Bir Vaiz – Fethullah G\u00fclen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de 24 defa ge\u00e7en ‘Ehl-i Kitap’ ifadesiyle \u00f6zellikle H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudiler kast edilir. Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’deki bu ifadelerin siyak sibak\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik arz etmektedir. Baz\u0131 ayetler Ehl-i Kitab\u0131 salih amelleri ve ahirete iman etmeleri sebebiyle \u00f6verken (3\/113), baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise Ehl-i Kitab\u0131 Allah’\u0131n yolundan ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 sebebiyle it’ab etmektedir (3\/99). Bu t\u00fcr ayetlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 Ehl-i Kitab\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile aralar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterek bir s\u00f6zde karar k\u0131lmaya davet eder (3\/64). Di\u011fer baz\u0131 ayetler ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa dikkat \u00e7eker (5\/82). M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile Ehl-i Kitap yani H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudiler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda as\u0131rlarca tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftur. \u0130slam’\u0131n Ehl-i Kitapla birlikteli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frudan Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’deki \u015fu me\u015fhur ayete dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:
\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t‘De ki: ‘Ey Ehl-i kitap! Bizimle sizin aram\u0131zda birle\u015fece\u011fimiz, m\u00fc\u015fterek ve \u00e2dil \u015fu s\u00f6zde karar k\u0131lal\u0131m: ‘Allah’tan ba\u015fkas\u0131na ibadet etmeyelim. O’na hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi \u015ferik ko\u015fmayal\u0131m, kimimiz kimimizi Allah’\u0131n yan\u0131nda rab edinmesin.’ E\u011fer bu d\u00e2veti reddederlerse: ‘Bizim, Allah’\u0131n emirlerine itaat eden m\u00fcminler oldu\u011fumuza \u015fahid olun.’ deyin. (3\/64) \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\nHicretin dokuzuncu y\u0131l\u0131nda (629) vahy edilen bu ayet, Hz. Peygamber zaman\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck birlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130slam hukuku kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u0130slam’da Ehl-i Kitab\u0131n kanuni stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti gayrim\u00fcslim tebaaya, \u00f6zellikle Ehl-i Kitaba kar\u015f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn enfes bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sergilemi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu mesele daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, zira dinler aras\u0131 diyalog ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcye muazzam bir ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Biz bu makalede \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk din ve fikir adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan Fethullah G\u00fclen’in fikirleri \u00fczerinde durmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131k. Modern d\u00fcnyada M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan diyalogu s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, kendisinin fikirleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

1980’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan beri dinler aras\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olarak bilinen G\u00fclen, \u0130slam\u0131n dinler aras\u0131 diyaloga yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n tam \u00f6nemini takdir edebilmek i\u00e7in, G\u00fclen’in konuya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iyi anlamak gerekmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu makalede \u00f6nce bu m\u00fchim \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc bat\u0131l\u0131 okuyuculara tan\u0131t\u0131lacak, daha sonra da kendisinin modern \u00e7a\u011fda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca dinlerinin y\u00fczle\u015fmesi konusundaki fikirleri ortaya konulacak, \u00f6zellikle de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan diyalo\u011fu \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1960’lar ve 1970’lerde Edirne, \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul’daki Cuma vaazlar\u0131n\u0131 dinleyemeye gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yordu. Gen\u00e7 bir gezici vaiz \u0130slam’\u0131n geleneksel de\u011ferlerini, dinleyicilerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun devam etmekte oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversitelerde verilen bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr e\u011fitiminin \u00f6neminin bilincinde olan bir s\u00f6ylemle anlat\u0131yordu. G\u00fclen’in kendisi geleneksel medrese e\u011fitiminden ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

11 Kas\u0131m 1938 Erzurum do\u011fumluydu. ‘K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck D\u00fcnyam’ adl\u0131 kitapta belirtti\u011fi gibi, daha gen\u00e7li\u011finde yeni T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini benimsemi\u015f olmakla beraber, Hazret-i Peygamberin ashab\u0131n\u0131n hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 modern hayata tatbik etmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Onun bu \u00e7izgisinde Erzurum’da tasavvufi \u00e7evrelerle yak\u0131n irtibatta olan babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda giderek artan bir ilgiye mazhar olan Bedi\u00fczzaman Said Nursi’nin talebelerinin dindarl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve dualar\u0131n\u0131n da rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda yirmili ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda G\u00fclen, Said Nursi’nin eserlerini okumaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu tecr\u00fcbe onun kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini geli\u015ftirmesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenemeyecek bir yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Kur’an hocas\u0131 annesi Rafia Han\u0131m olup, mahalli ilkokula devam etmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Kadiri tarikat\u0131na mensup Muhammed L\u00fctfi Efendi’den ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zat\u0131n biyografisi hakk\u0131nda fazla bilgi sahibi olmamam\u0131za ra\u011fmen G\u00fclen i\u00e7in ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Onda t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slami de\u011ferleri ya\u015famaya adama fikrini uyand\u0131ran Muhammed L\u00fctfi Efendi olup, h\u00e2l\u00e2 kuvvetli bir haf\u0131z olan G\u00fclen,<\/p>\n

Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’i onun hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131fz etmi\u015ftir. Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok kanaldan irtibat\u0131 bulunan babas\u0131 Ramiz Efendi’nin de G\u00fclen’in \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi vard\u0131r. Onun ilk Arap\u00e7a hocas\u0131 olan babas\u0131, o\u011flunun klasik \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n daha derinine inmesine vesile olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Hasan Basri, Haris el-Muhasibi, \u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali ve Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi gibi eski \u0130slam b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin fikirlerine ek olarak Ahmed Faruki S\u0131rhindi ile \u015eah Veliyullah D\u0131hlevi gibi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za daha yak\u0131n Hintli yazarlar ile Victor Hugo, William Shakespeare ve Honore de Balzac gibi yazarlar\u0131 da okumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen i\u00e7in Ahmed Sihrindi’nin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemliydi, zira bu yazar \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131 Hz. Peygamberin hakiki ruhuyla ya\u015fama hususunu vurguluyordu. Sirhindi, Nak\u015fibendi gelene\u011finden geliyordu. Mektuplar\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu eski Nak\u015fibendi hocalar\u0131n daha ezoterik metotlar\u0131ndan ziyade, bu gelene\u011fin manevi \u00f6\u011fretisinin Peygamber yoluna sebatla ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nem vermekle yenilenmesine y\u00f6nelik idi.<\/p>\n

Hatta G\u00fclen uzun s\u00fcre boyunca bu k\u0131ymetli alimlerin kitaplar\u0131n\u0131, mesela Sirhindi’nin ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 Mektubat’\u0131 kendi \u00f6\u011frencilerine okuttu. Sirhindi tasavvuf gelene\u011fini terk etmek yerine, onu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana g\u00f6re yenileme yoluna gitmi\u015fti. Bu fikir G\u00fclen’in ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Sihrindi’nin \u00f6\u011fretilerini birebir takip etmiyorlard\u0131, zira as\u0131l ilham ald\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fc onun Hz. Peygamberin s\u00fcnnetini ihya etme hususunu her nevi terakkide esas kabul etmesiydi.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Sirhindi’nin eserlerinde inceledi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir konu da karde\u015flik (h\u0131llet) d\u00fcsturuydu. Yohanan Friedmann bu kavram\u0131n Sihrindi i\u00e7in esas te\u015fkil etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu. Friedmann’a g\u00f6re Sihrindi her bir m\u00fcminin di\u011ferine Hz. \u0130brahim’in Hz. Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem aras\u0131ndaki gibi bir manevi ba\u011fla ve tasavvuftaki ‘h\u0131llet’ d\u00fcsturuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Friedmann \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyordu: ‘A\u015fk\u0131n en y\u00fcksek tezah\u00fcr\u00fc olan bu dostluk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesine vesile olan temel etkendir. Esasen bu Halilullah \u00fcnvan\u0131 Hz. \u0130brahim’e aitti. Hz. \u0130brahim bu y\u00fcce makama ula\u015f\u0131nca herkese imam olmu\u015ftu. Hz. Muhammed’e de (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) onun yoluna t\u00e2bi olmas\u0131 emredilmi\u015fti.’<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bahsedilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce zamanla, Hz. \u0130brahim’in dinine t\u00e2bi olan herkesle, \u0130slam \u00fcmmeti haricinde olan Ehl-i Kitapla bile bir ba\u011f kuran, i\u00e7lerinde Bedi\u00fczzaman Said Nursi ve Fethullah G\u00fclen gibi manevi liderlerin de bulundu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok m\u00fchim \u015fahsiyete ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in, \u015eah Veliyullah D\u0131hlevi’den geleneksel \u0130slam mistisizminin (tasavvufun) modern d\u00fcnyadaki rol\u00fcn\u00fcne dair bilgi edindi\u011fi de s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bilhassa \u015eah Veliyullah, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fin tasavvuf \u00fcstadlar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendiklerini geleneksel \u0130slami \u00f6\u011fretilerle yo\u011furmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u0131srarla vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Diyordu ki: ‘Kur’an ve s\u00fcnneti bilmeyen mutasavv\u0131flar ve mistisizme ilgi duymayan alimler; dinin haydutlar\u0131, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131d\u0131rlar.’<\/p>\n

Daha yak\u0131n zaman itibar\u0131yla, G\u00fclen’in yeti\u015fti\u011fi tasavvufi \u00e7evrelerde, Bedi\u00fczzaman Said Nursi’nin kitaplar\u0131 yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde okunuyordu. Bedi\u00fczzaman’\u0131n eserleri, \u00f6zellikle de Risale-i Nur yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Buhari ve M\u00fcslim’in hadis klasiklerinden sonra en \u00e7ok okunan eserler haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen, ilk defa 1950’lerin ortas\u0131nda memleketi Erzurum’da Bedi\u00fczzaman’\u0131n talebeleriyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra risaleleri okumaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu talebeler yeni geli\u015fen Risale-i Nur hareketinin belkemi\u011fiydi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen bu harekete resmiyette kat\u0131lmay\u0131p, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da tam anlam\u0131yla Bedi\u00fczzaman’\u0131n takip\u00e7isi olmamakla beraber, yine de onun fikirlerini \u00f6zellikle de 1960’lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Edirne’de vaizli\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi vaazlar\u0131na yans\u0131tmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zeki Sar\u0131toprak & Sidney Griffith, The Muslim World, Temmuz 2005 \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\ntweet<\/a>