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{"id":828,"date":"2014-06-26T12:10:33","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=828"},"modified":"2014-06-26T12:10:33","modified_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:10:33","slug":"islam-ve-dunya-dinleriyle-diyalog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/islam-ve-dunya-dinleriyle-diyalog\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam ve D\u00fcnya Dinleriyle Diyalog"},"content":{"rendered":"

Modern T\u00fcrkiye’de baz\u0131 ileri gelen din adamlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik dinlerin mensuplar\u0131yla ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve diyalog ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7ine girme fikrine \u00f6n ayak oldu. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n millet sistemi tecr\u00fcbesi, dinler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ad\u0131na geride bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden daha iyi uyumlu ve kayda de\u011fer hat\u0131ralar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131 i\u00e7inde sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tebaa de\u011fil \u00e7ok say\u0131da H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar, hatta bir miktar Zerd\u00fc\u015ft bile vard\u0131. Modern milliyet\u00e7i fikirler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kana kadar Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudiler yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131la nazaran daha uyumlu ve verimli bir tarzda ya\u015famay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kabullenme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen de olsa Ahmed Yesevi, Yunus Emre, Hac\u0131 Bayram Veli ve Sultan Fatih’in hocas\u0131 Ak\u015femseddin gibi T\u00fcrk tasavvuf b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin \u00f6\u011fretilerinden gelen bir miras oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00f6n\u00fcl insanlar\u0131 dinler aras\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc hatta bir dereceye kadar dinler aras\u0131 diyalog fikrini benimsemi\u015flerdi. G\u00fclen bu Sufi gelene\u011finin modern temsilcilerinden biriydi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir ki o g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bulunan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cemaatlerin birbiri aras\u0131nda hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla di\u011fer dinlerin mensuplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda diyalog ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn tesisi i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayan az say\u0131da din adam\u0131ndan biridir. G\u00fclen’in dinler aras\u0131 diyalog \u00f6\u011fretisinde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan husus, onun bu fikirlerini \u0130slami temellere dayand\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir Kur’an talebesi olarak hemen her s\u00fbrenin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan besmeleyi hareket noktas\u0131 olarak alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu laf\u0131zda Allah’\u0131n (c.c.) vas\u0131flar\u0131 ‘Rahman ve Rahim’ \u015feklinde ge\u00e7er. G\u00fclen bu lafz\u0131n Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de y\u00fcz on d\u00f6rt kere tekrar ediliyor olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken bir husus oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re, Rabbimiz di\u011fer hikmetlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara di\u011fer insanlarla ve tabiatla olan ili\u015fkilerinde merhametli olma mesaj\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Bir makalesinde G\u00fclen \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n

Merhamet varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk mayas\u0131d\u0131r. Onsuz, her \u015fey bir bulama\u00e7 ve kaostur. Her \u015fey merhametle var olmu\u015f, merhametle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte ve merhametle nizam i\u00e7indedir…<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e2lemde her \u015fey, ama her \u015fey, merhamet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, merhamet konu\u015fur ve merhamet va’d eder. Bu itibarlad\u0131r ki, k\u00e2inata, bir merhamet senfonizmas\u0131 nazar\u0131yla bak\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ses ve soluklar; tek ve \u00e7ift b\u00fct\u00fcn na\u011fmeler, \u00f6yle bir ritim i\u00e7inde ak\u0131p ak\u0131p gider ki, bunu g\u00f6rmemek ve anlamamak kabil de\u011fil. Ve sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fu par\u00e7a par\u00e7a ac\u0131ma ve \u015fefkat etmelerin arkas\u0131nda, bu esrarl\u0131 koroya h\u00fckmeden, her \u015feyi \u00e7epe\u00e7evre sarm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f rahmetin sezilip hissedilmemesi…<\/p>\n

Veyl olsun bunlardan bir \u015fey anlamayan talihsiz ruhlara!…<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olup bitenler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan, \u015fuur ve iradesiyle; idrak ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ‘konsantre’ olarak bu engin rahmeti kavrama ve soluklar\u0131yla ona kendi na\u011fmesini katma sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topluma, insanl\u0131\u011fa hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lara, bir insanl\u0131k borcu olarak merhamet etme m\u00fckellefiyetindedir. O, bu yolda merhamet etti\u011fi nisbette y\u00fccelir; gadre, zulme, insafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de horla\u015f\u0131r, hakirle\u015fir ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczkaras\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in bahsetti\u011fi merhamet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde gazeteci Ey\u00fcp Can’a verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadelerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onun merhameti Irak’taki kimyasal silah kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n haline \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp hastalanmaktan, bir b\u00f6cek gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir canl\u0131n\u0131n bile hayat hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye kadar uzanan derin bir hassasiyet i\u00e7ermektedir. Yeti\u015fti\u011fi gelene\u011fin ona a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olursa olsun, her canl\u0131n\u0131n kendi diliyle Rabbini tesbih etti\u011fi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sayg\u0131 ve merhamet g\u00f6rmeye lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu yolundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda tabiat hakk\u0131ndaki klasik tasavvuf \u00f6\u011fretisiyle, G\u00fclen’in bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n benzerlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Mesela denilir ki, Yunus Emre ve di\u011fer m\u00fcridlerden m\u00fcr\u015fidlerine bir demet \u00e7i\u00e7ek getirmeleri istenir. M\u00fcr\u015fid, yerine ge\u00e7ecek birini tayin etmek istemektedir ve onlar\u0131 bir nevi teste tabi tutmu\u015ftur. Ak\u015fam \u00fczeri herkes bir demet \u00e7i\u00e7ekle gelirken, Yunus eli bo\u015f gelir. M\u00fcr\u015fidi neden b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorunca, Yunus, ne zaman bir \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi koparmak i\u00e7in elini uzatsa, ondan Allah zikrini i\u015fitti\u011fini ve yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Bu me\u015fhur hikaye, G\u00fclen’in de benimsemi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015fekliyle tabiata tasavvufi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gayet iyi \u00f6zetlemektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in merhamet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel tasavvuf \u00f6\u011fretisiyle paralelli\u011fini ifade ettikten sonra, \u015fimdi de onun eserlerinde rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ‘sevgi’ kavram\u0131na odaklanabiliriz. Tasavvuf gelene\u011finde a\u015fk s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda G\u00fclen Esma-i H\u00fcsna’dan biri olan ‘Ved\u00fbd’ ismi \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, sevgi insan\u0131 olma suretiyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bu ilahi ismi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 yans\u0131tmalar\u0131n\u0131n icab etti\u011fini \u00eema etmektedir. Asl\u0131nda G\u00fclen’in selefi diyebilece\u011fimiz Said Nursi sevgiyi kendi felsefesine esas olarak alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fclen ‘K\u00e2inatta sevgiden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir silah yoktur.’ demektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in sevgi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:<\/p>\n

Sevgi, d\u00fcnyaya gelen her varl\u0131kta en esasl\u0131 bir unsur, en parlak bir nur, en b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvettir ve bu kuvvetin yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yenemeyece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir has\u0131m yoktur. Sevgi, evvela b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015febildi\u011fi her r\u00fbhu y\u00fckseltir ve \u00f6telere haz\u0131rlar. Sonra da bu ruhlar sonsuzluk ad\u0131na doyup duyduklar\u0131 \u015feyleri b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6n\u00fcllere h\u00e2kim k\u0131lman\u0131n kavgas\u0131n\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flarlar. Bu yolda \u00f6l\u00fcr \u00f6l\u00fcr dirilir; \u00f6l\u00fcrken ‘sevgi’ der \u00f6l\u00fcr, dirilirken de sevgi soluklar\u0131yla dirilirler.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, sevgi ve merhamet G\u00fclen’in \u00f6\u011fretisinin temel prensipleridir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sesle ifadesini bulan ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, affedicilik ve tevazu merkez ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130slami de\u011ferlerdir. Bunlar birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve biri di\u011ferini gerektirir. Daha sonraki bir makalesinde de \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcsamaha yolunu t\u0131kayanlar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f canavarlard\u0131r… Aff\u0131n ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, yaralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 saraca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz. Elverir ki bu semavi silah, dilinden anlayanlar\u0131n elinde olsun. Yoksa \u015fu ana kadar, tedavi deyip de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yanl\u0131\u015f mu\u00e2leceler, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za pek \u00e7ok komplikasyonlar \u00e7\u0131karacak ve bizi \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na \u00e7evirecektir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen bu m\u00fclahazalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6klerini yine \u0130slam Peygamberinin \u00f6\u011fretisinde bulur. ‘Kim m\u00fctevaz\u0131 ise, Allah (c.c.) onu y\u00fcceltir; kim kibirli ise, Allah (c.c.) onu al\u00e7alt\u0131r.’ \u0130slam eti\u011finin kalbinde bulunan bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede, G\u00fclen dinler aras\u0131 diyalogun dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. O, diyalo\u011fun \u0130slam eti\u011finin ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n tabii sonucu olaca\u011f\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131r. Kendi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inanan birisi asla diyalog yolunu se\u00e7mez. \u0130\u00e7ten tevazu g\u00f6sterenler i\u00e7in ise tam tersi ge\u00e7erlidir. B\u00f6yle bir insan meseleleri diyalog yoluyla halletmeye daha a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat 1997’de Papa ikinci John Paul ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra, bir grup radikal gen\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin kendisini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenerek \u015fiddetle tenkit edilmi\u015fti. G\u00fclen cevaben, tevazunun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman s\u0131fat\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek Hz. Mevlana ile bir Hristiyan rahip aras\u0131nda cereyan eden hadiseyi hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Menk\u0131beye g\u00f6re bir rahip Mevlana’y\u0131 ziyaret eder ve sayg\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc elini \u00f6pmek ister. Lakin Mevlana daha atik davran\u0131r ve rahibin elini \u00f6per. Bu hareketi neden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken de mahviyette bile daha \u00f6nde olmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla G\u00fclen’e g\u00f6re di\u011fer dinlerin temsilcileriyle diyalog \u0130slam’\u0131n uzun s\u00fcredir ihmal edilen de\u011ferlerinden birisidir.<\/p>\n

Yine bununla alakal\u0131 olarak Hz. \u0130sa’dan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapar. Zina eden bir kad\u0131n\u0131 yakalay\u0131p getirirler ve ona ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini sorarlar. Hz. \u0130sa onlara ‘\u0130lk ta\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 g\u00fcnah\u0131 olmayan ats\u0131n.’ der. B\u00f6yle diyerek o, insanlara kendilerini ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rmemeleri gerekti\u011fi mesaj\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Kibir yerine tevazu esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zeki Sar\u0131toprak & Sidney Griffith, The Muslim World, Temmuz 2005 \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\ntweet<\/a>