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{"id":832,"date":"2014-06-26T12:41:24","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/?p=832"},"modified":"2014-06-26T12:41:24","modified_gmt":"2014-06-26T12:41:24","slug":"fethullah-gulen-ve-dinler-arasi-diyalog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kocar.org\/yazilar\/fethullah-gulen-ve-dinler-arasi-diyalog\/","title":{"rendered":"Fethullah G\u00fclen ve Dinler Aras\u0131 Diyalog"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vatikan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple, 1979’da Papal\u0131k makam\u0131na gelince, Papa ikinci Jean Paul’un ziyaret etti\u011fi ilk yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye olmu\u015ftu. Fethullah G\u00fclen’in 1997’de Papa’y\u0131 ziyareti, bilhassa T\u00fcrkiye’de, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\/H\u0131ristiyan diyalo\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda bu, G\u00fclen’in bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n hemen hepsinin fikirlerinin g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu ziyaret dinler aras\u0131 diyalo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemesi gereken bir zamanda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Samuel Huntington’un ‘medeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131’ senaryosu g\u00fc\u00e7leniyordu, ama G\u00fclen buna ra\u011fmen arada diyalog kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011finin idrakindeydi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme vesilesiyle G\u00fclen ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’de halktan geni\u015f \u00e7apta destek g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00d6te yandan birbirine z\u0131t iki grup taraf\u0131ndan sert ele\u015ftirilere maruz kald\u0131: din kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7evreler ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir radikal \u0130slamc\u0131 grup. \u0130ki taraf\u0131n da G\u00fclen’e y\u00fcklenme sebepleri farkl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radikaller taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen ba\u015fka bir husus onun bir sinekten bile bahsedip, \u0130slam devleti kurmaktan hemen hemen hi\u00e7 bahsetmemesiydi. G\u00fclen’i sevenlerden biri olan Ali \u00dcnal bununla ilgili olarak \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t Evet, Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim de Rabbimizin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na delil olarak sinekten, \u00f6r\u00fcmcekten ve kar\u0131ncadan bahseder ve bu isimde s\u00fbreler vard\u0131r. Ama Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti bahsi yoktur. \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n

Kat\u0131 laik \u00e7evreler ise mutlak yetkisi olmadan b\u00f6yle bir i\u015fe kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ona k\u0131z\u0131yorlard\u0131.Onlara g\u00f6re, devlet taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, kendi kendine Papa II. Jean Paul ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye hakk\u0131 yoktu. Bu durum h\u00fck\u00fcmetin her nevi \u015fahsi te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc tamamen kontrol \u00fczerinde bulundurmak istemesinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu laik gruba g\u00f6re G\u00fclen, dinler aras\u0131 diyalog ad\u0131na yabanc\u0131 liderlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in bile resmi izin almal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Radikal \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n ise tepkisi biraz farkl\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fclen’in ziyaretini bir nevi ‘k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fme’ olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir gayrim\u00fcslimin aya\u011f\u0131na gitmemeliydi. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6yle \u00e7apl\u0131 bir dini liderin Katolik ruhani liderini ziyarete gitmesi, bir yere kadar, baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n H\u0131ristiyan olmas\u0131na sebep olabilirdi. G\u00fclen’in bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek \u0130slam imaj\u0131 bu de\u011fildi. Zira \u0130slam dini en ba\u015ftan beri di\u011fer dinlerin mensuplar\u0131yla diyalo\u011fu desteklemi\u015f ve bunu hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131ndan bu yanl\u0131\u015f imaj\u0131 silmek \u00f6nemliydi, zira di\u011fer dinlerin mensuplar\u0131yla irtibat\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n din de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesi tamamen as\u0131ls\u0131zd\u0131. G\u00fclen’e g\u00f6re bu tutum \u0130slam dinine olan g\u00fcvensizlikten kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kendisinin ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere, insaniyet bilgi ve bilim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Gelecekte bilim d\u00fcnyada daha da fazla s\u00f6z sahibi olacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bilimsel hakikatlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini destekledi\u011fi \u0130slam gibi bir dinin mensuplar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr diyaloglardan \u00e7ekinmemelidir. G\u00fclen’e g\u00f6re, diyalog fuzuli bir \u00e7aba de\u011fil, bir mecburiyettir. O, diyalo\u011fun d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha g\u00fcvenli bir yer haline getirmenin yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n vazifelerinden biri oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda G\u00fclen’e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan bu iki grup T\u00fcrkiye toplumunun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesimini te\u015fkil eden marjinal gruplard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funluk bu ziyareti destekliyor ve olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu. Bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n bir meyvesi Gazeteciler ve Yazarlar Vakf\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir dinler aras\u0131 diyalog konferans\u0131 \u015feklinde tezah\u00fcr etti. \u0130brahimi dinler sempozyumu ad\u0131 verilen bu konferans Hz. \u0130brahim’in do\u011fdu\u011fu yer oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Urfa’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir di\u011fer potansiyel netice de yine ayn\u0131 \u015fehirde, Fethullah G\u00fclen ve Papa ikinci Jean Paul’un destekledi\u011fi dinler aras\u0131 diyalog cemiyetinin halen tasarlamakta oldu\u011fu bir dinler aras\u0131 diyalog \u00fcniversitesinin kurulmas\u0131 fikriydi. G\u00fclen’in Papa’y\u0131 ziyareti \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrelerde meyvelerini vermeye devam etti.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sa bir zaman \u00f6nce G\u00fclen’in fikirlerinden ilham alan Chicago merkezli bir organizasyon, Chicago’daki \u00e7e\u015fitli dini cemaatlerden otuz kadar temsilciyi yine bir dinler aras\u0131 diyalog konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’ye davet etti. Yine bu ziyaretin meyvelerinden biri, T\u00fcrkiye’deki Vatikan temsilcisinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirme ad\u0131na aktif faaliyet g\u00f6stermesiydi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’e g\u00f6re M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan diyalo\u011funa olan ihtiya\u00e7 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc din ve bilim aras\u0131nda yeniden iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmak gerekiyordu. Bat\u0131da y\u00fczy\u0131llarca bilim dinin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olmu\u015ftu ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k bundan \u00e7ok \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan diyalo\u011fuyla her iki dinde bilim ile olan ili\u015fkilerini tekrar d\u00fczeltebilecekti. G\u00fclen diyor ki: ‘E\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-H\u0131ristiyan diyalo\u011fu kurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka neden olmasayd\u0131, en \u00f6nemli sebep oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, sadece bu bile diyalo\u011fu ba\u015flatmaya yeterdi.’<\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t G\u00fclen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00f6z ele\u015ftiriye davet etmekte ve \u0130slam dinini bir ideoloji haline getirmemeleri gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. \u0130slam\u0131 ideoloji haline getirmek, onun siyaset sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmakta ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n di\u011fer dinlerin mensuplar\u0131yla diyalo\u011fa girmelerine engel olmaktad\u0131r. ‘\u0130deolojiler birle\u015ftirici olmaktan ziyade b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu sosyal ve tarihi bir ger\u00e7ektir.’ \n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n

O, \u0130slam’\u0131 zihniyette, kalpte ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta ya\u015fanan bir din olarak g\u00f6rmekte; bencil particilik, \u015fahsi veya milli nefret ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k duygular\u0131na ara\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

Halife \u00d6mer bin Abd\u00fclaziz devrinde ya\u015fanan bir hadiseyi \u00f6rnek vererek, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dayanak noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam esaslar\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmektedir. Emevi idarecileri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan gayrim\u00fcslimlerden de cizye al\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n vergiden kurtulma amac\u0131yla din de\u011fi\u015ftirdiklerini iddia ediyorlard\u0131. \u00d6mer bin Abd\u00fclaziz halife olunca bu uygulamay\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131. Ey\u00fcp bin \u015eurahbili E\u015fbahi, bu konuda istisna kabul edilmeyi isteyince Halife ona \u015f\u00f6yle bir mektupla cevap verdi: ‘\u0130slam\u0131 kabul eden eski gayrim\u00fcslimlerden vergi almayacaks\u0131n. Allah-u Teala Hz. Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve sellemi vergi toplay\u0131c\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, insanl\u0131\u011fa rehber olarak g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.’ G\u00fclen, ‘Kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z, g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmeyiniz, m\u00fcjdeleyiniz, nefret ettirmeyiniz’ hadisinden misal vererek, bu hadisi \u015ferifteki h\u00fck\u00fcm ancak di\u011fer dinlerin temsilcileriyle aram\u0131zda sevgi ve diyalog olmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir demektedir.’ O, diyalog fikrini \u015fu ayet ekseninde tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r: Ey insanlar! Biz sizi bir erkekle bir kad\u0131ndan yaratt\u0131k. Birbirinizi tan\u0131y\u0131p sahip \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131z i\u00e7in milletlere, s\u00fcl\u00e2lelere ay\u0131rd\u0131k… (Hucurat, 13).<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in eserlerinde diyalo\u011fun dini temelleri ele al\u0131narak, \u0130slam\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanlarla diyalo\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fc nazara verilmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re, di\u011fer semavi dinlere ve peygamberlerine inanman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130slam dini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n onlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermesini de gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hz. Muhammed sallallahu aleyhi ve selleme oldu\u011fu gibi Hz. \u0130brahim, Hz. Musa, Hz. Davud, Hz. \u0130sa ve di\u011fer peygamberlere de iman eder. G\u00fclen’in g\u00f6z\u00fcnde Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de zikredilen peygamberlere inanmamak, bir insan\u0131 \u0130slam dairesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen’in T\u00fcrkiye’deki az\u0131nl\u0131k liderleriyle iyi ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde bulunmas\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k hususundaki olumlu \u015f\u00f6hretine katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Milletler aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flama ad\u0131na \u00e7abalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir fikir vermek i\u00e7in iki \u00f6rnek k\u00e2fidir. Birincisi, gerek T\u00fcrk gerekse Yunan politikac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tutumlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’deki Rumlar\u0131n durumunu neredeyse g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak etkilemektedir. 1980’lerin sonunda G\u00fclen diyalog faaliyetlerini ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’deki Rumlar i\u00e7in bir \u00fcmit, bir garant\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015fti. Yahudi ve H\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klar G\u00fclen’e b\u00fcy\u00fck destek veriyordu. Rum-Ortodoks lideri Bartolomeos ile de iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftu. \u0130kincisi de \u015fiddetli muhalefete ra\u011fmen Ermenistan’da bir e\u011fitim program\u0131 ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131 Ermenistan’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Erivan’da \u00fclke gen\u00e7lerini okutmak i\u00e7in bir okul a\u00e7maya te\u015fvik etmi\u015fti. Di\u011fer bir grup i\u015fadam\u0131 ise, G\u00fclen’in tavsiyesiyle Moskova’da okul a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn benzeri bir te\u015febb\u00fcs Yunanistan’da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fclen’in \u00e7abalar\u0131 onun d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in milletler ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurmak istedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Kendisi T\u00fcrkiye’de bile ancak iyi e\u011fitimli T\u00fcrklerin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fine inanmaktad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re, faaliyetleri milliyet\u00e7i de\u011fildir. Yap\u0131lan faaliyetlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyili\u011fi i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu ve sadece T\u00fcrkiye ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kabul edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmektedir. Kendisi bir nevi ‘medeniyetler diyalo\u011fu’ aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Etnik veya dini k\u00f6kenleri ne olursa olsun, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 Allah’\u0131n kulu olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re \u0130slam dini b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fer vermekte ve onlar\u0131 ‘Rahman’\u0131n kullar\u0131’ olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Peygamberlerin \u0131rk, milliyet, memleket veya meslek itibar\u0131yla \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc reddetmeleri \u0130slam dininin evrensel y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. \u0130slam peygamberi Arap’\u0131n Arap olmayana \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fclen grupla\u015fma meylinin insan\u0131n tabiat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Amac\u0131m\u0131z bu f\u0131tri meyli zarars\u0131z, hatta faydal\u0131 hale getirmek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu meylin tezah\u00fcr edebilece\u011fi m\u00fcspet bir kanal olmazsa menfi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fecektir. Bu durum bilhassa cehalet, medeniyetsiz davran\u0131\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k gibi hastal\u0131klarca k\u00f6r\u00fcklendi\u011finde toplumlar birbiriyle \u015fiddetle ve durmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, ilim, irfan ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc yay\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a toplum bar\u0131\u015f \u00e7izgisine, anlay\u0131\u015f ve mutabakata daha fazla yakla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, baz\u0131 radikal \u0130slamc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan diyalog \u00e7abalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ele\u015ftirilse bile, Kuran-\u0131 Kerim’in \u00f6\u011fretisi Ehli Kitap ve di\u011fer geleneklerin temsilcileriyle yak\u0131nla\u015fma hususuna fazlas\u0131yla dayanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u015eahsi hayat\u0131nda gayet dindar bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan G\u00fclen, bu meseleyi \u0130slam \u00f6\u011fretisinin temel bir unsuru saymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle nefretin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve medeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir zamanda G\u00fclen’in \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in hayati bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Zeki Sar\u0131toprak, John Carroll University, Cleveland, Ohio.<\/p>\n

Sidney Griffith, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.<\/p>\n

Zeki Sar\u0131toprak & Sidney Griffith, The Muslim World, Temmuz 2005 \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\ntweet<\/a>