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Hz. Ömer (ra)’ in Ahidnamesi – İrfana Yolculuk
Anasayfa » Bütün Yazılar » Hz. Ömer (ra)’ in Ahidnamesi

Hz. Ömer (ra)’ in Ahidnamesi

Kudüs’te bulunan Mescid-i Aksa, Müslümanların on altı-on yedi ay kadar ilk kıblesi olmuş ve Kur’ân’ın övgüsüne mazhar olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) de ibadet ve ziyaret maksadıyla gidilmesi gereken üç mescidden birinin Mescid-i Aksa (diğerleri Mescid-i Haram ve Mescid-i Nebevî) olduğunu, bu mescitlerde kılınan namazın, kişinin evde tek başına kılacağı namazlardan elli bin kat daha faziletli olduğunu bildirmiştir.

Müslümanlar için Mekke ve Medine’den sonra üçüncü mukaddes şehir kabul edilmiş olan Kudüs’e huzur, ancak Hz. Ömer’in şehri fethiyle gelmiştir. Amr b. As’ın kuşattığı Kudüs, kan dökülmeden teslim alındıktan sonra Halife Hz. Ömer Kudüs’e gelerek gayrimüslimlere ahidnâmeyle bazı imtiyazlar vermiştir. Asırlarca Kudüs’te bütün din mensuplarının, Müslümanların adaletli ve hoşgörülü idaresi altında huzur ve sükûn içerisinde yaşamalarına zemin hazırlayan ahidnâme şöyledir:

“Ya Allah

Ömer bin Hattab

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

Bizi İslâm’la yüceltene, imanla üstün kılana, Peygamberi Muhammed’i göndererek rahmetini gösterene, bizi dalâletten hidayete çıkararak ayrılıklardan sonra hidayette birleştirene, kalblerimizi birbirine ısındırana, düşmanlarımıza karşı bize yardım edene, bizi bu beldelerde oturtup birbirini seven dostlar ve kardeşler kılana -Allah’a- hamdolsun.

Ey Allah’ın kulları! Bu nimetten dolayı O’na hamdedin.

Bu ahidnâme, Ömer İbnü’l-Hattab’dan değerli Patrik Safronbos’a verilmiş ahd u misaktır. O; bulundukları yerlerdeki keşişler, rahipler, rahibeler, raiyyeti olan Kudüs-i Şerif’teki Tûr ez-Zeytun’da bulunanların patriğidir. Üzerlerinde eman bulunur ve zımmîlik hükümlerine de uyarlarsa, biz bütün müminler ve bizden sonrakiler, daha evvel olduğu gibi, onları zarar görmekten korusunlar. Şu kadar ki; onlar da itaat ve saygı üzere bulunmalıdırlar…

Müminlerden her kim; bizim bu emanımız okunur da ona aykırı hareket ederse, şu andan kıyamete kadar Allah’ın ahdini bozmuş, Resulü’nü de hoş karşılamamış olur.” (Fi Rebiülevvel 15)

Bu antlaşmadan sonra Kudüs’teki Kamame Kilisesi’ne giden Hz. Ömer, namaz vakti gelince patriğe namaz kılabileceği bir yer göstermesini istemiştir. Patriğin: “Kilisenin herhangi bir yerinde kılabilirsiniz.” demesi üzerine Hz. Ömer, kilisenin içinde namaz kılmak istemeyerek kapıya yakın bir yerde namazını kılmıştır. Namazını kıldıktan sonra Hz. Ömer, patriğe şunu söylemiştir: “Eğer ben içerde kılsaydım, öteki Müslümanlar da orada kılarlar, orayı mescit hâline getirirlerdi.” Bunun üzerine ahidnâmeye Müslümanların namaz için kilisede toplanmaması ve orada ezan okumaması ilâve edilmiştir. Hz. Ömer, patrikten mescit yapılacak bir yer göstermesini isteyince o da Allah’ın Hz. Yakub’a vahyettiği tepeyi göstermiştir. Hz. Ömer oraya bir mescit yapılmasını emretmiştir.

Uzun bir dönem Emevi, Abbasi, Selçuklu ve Fatimi idarelerinde kalan Kudüs, 1099’da Haçlı ordularının saldırısına uğramıştır. Hrıstiyanlar Kudüs’te binlerce Müslüman’ı katletmiştir. Selâhaddîn-i Eyyubî’nin 1187’de Kudüs’ü fethine kadar devam eden Haçlı hâkimiyeti sırasında Filistin’de büyük karışıklıklar yaşanmıştır.

Selâhaddîn Eyyübi, 1187 tarihinde Kudüs’ü uzun süren mücadelelerden sonra Haçlılardan aldığında, şehirde bulunan Haçlılara, bilhassa kadınlara, çocuklara ve Hrıstiyan din adamlarına her türlü kolaylığı göstermiştir. Birçoklarını fidye almadan gidecekleri yere göndermiştir. Bu konuda Batılı tarihçiler bile, Selahaddin Eyyubi’ye övgülerde bulunmuşlardır.

     

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