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Sızıntı Başyazıları: İrâde, Mürîd ve Murâd – İrfana Yolculuk
Anasayfa » Bütün Yazılar » Sızıntı Başyazıları: İrâde, Mürîd ve Murâd

Sızıntı Başyazıları: İrâde, Mürîd ve Murâd


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 İsteme, dileme, arzu ve isteklerin gerçekleştirilip ortaya konması yeteneği veya iki şeyden birini tercih etme mânâlarına gelen irâde; hayatını kalb ve ruh seviyesinde yaşayanlarca: “Nefsin isteklerini aşma, bedenin arzularına başkaldırma, Hakk’ın rızâ ve hoşnutluğunu kendi istek ve dileklerine tercih ederek kendine rağmen her yerde ve her durumda O’nda ve O’nun murâdında fâni olma” şeklinde anlaşılmış ve tarif edilmiştir.

Mürîd; kendi güç ve kuvvetinden teberrî edip, zerreden sistemlere kadar her şeyi kabza-i tasarrufunda tutan Kudreti Sonsuz’un irâdesine râm olan.. murâd ise, Hak arzusuyla dopdolu hâle gelmiş; bütün bütün mâsivâya (O’ndan başkasına) kapanmış; O’nun hoşnutluğundan başka hiçbir şeye istek ve iştihası kalmamış, dolayısıyla da Hakk’ın murâd ve matmah-ı nazarı (gözdesi) olmuş bahtiyar ruh demektir.

İrâde; يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ “İş ve davranışlarında sırf O’nu ister ve dilerler.”[1] gerçeğine göre, hak yolunun yolcuları için ilk menzil ve sonsuza yelken açanlar için de bir ilk konaktır. Nâmütenâhîye açılan hemen herkes, ilk defa bu liman ve bu piste uğrar. Sonra da bu birinci durağın anilmerkez gücüyle yükselir, hedefe doğru yol almaya başlar. Bu yol alış, şahsın safveti, madde ile irtibatı ve merkezdeki gücün iticiliğiyle mebsûten mütenâsiptir (doğru orantılıdır). Hakk’ın tevfiki ve irâde gücüne göre, kimileri bu mesafeyi yerde yürüme sür’atiyle, kimileri peyk, füze ve ışık hızıyla, kimileri de her türlü kemmiyet ölçüleri üstünde kat’eder. Nebîde miraç, velîde arşiye, dervişte seyr u sülûk, Hakk’ın tevfikiyle desteklenmiş irâde, mürîd ve murâda birer parlak misâldirler.

Mürîdle irâde arasında bir alâka vardır ama, bu daha çok bir iştikak alâkasıdır. Sebeplerin, sathî akıllar nazarında, ilâhî izzet ve azamete perde olması gibi, izâfî bir varlık sayılan insan irâdesi de

فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ “Dilediğini dilediği gibi yapan”[2] Zât’ın irâdesinin gölgesinin gölgesidir. Gölge asla tâbi olduğu gibi, yaratılan irâdeler de yaratıcı irâdeye tâbidirler. Gölgede vehmedilen parlaklık, canlılık ve câzibenin, aynalara akseden sûretlerin parlaklık, canlılık ve câzibesinden farkı yoktur… Ne var ki, yolun başındakiler için bunu anlayıp kavramak pek de kolay değildir.

Mürîd, irâdesini mutlak irâdeyle irtibatlandırıp murâd ufkuna ulaşacağı ve bedenden rûha, cisimden kalbe, düşünceden vicdana yükseleceği âna kadar, kat’iyen “fark”tan kurtulamaz.. kurtulamaz da, irâdeyi ayrı, irâde edeni ayrı ve murâdı da hep ayrı görür. Evet, hak yolcusu, yolun başlangıcında mürîd, nihâyetinde murâd.. kulluğu tabiatına mâl etme gayreti içinde mürîd, Hak’la münasebetlerin, fıtratın ayrılmaz bir yanı hâline geldiği noktada murâd.. sevilip-arzu edilme yollarını araştırma faslında mürîd, her şeyde O’ndan bir kısım izler görüp sevgi ve mârifet arası gelip-gittiği ve bu geliş-gidişiyle zevk-i rûhânî kaneviçesini ördüğü zaman da murâddır.

“İlme’l-yakîn”in başlangıcından “hakka’l-yakîn”in nihâyetine kadar bu çok geniş mesafede, nisbî pek çok ibtidâ ve intihâlar vardır. Meselâ: Pek çoklarına göre رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِي صَدْرِي “Rabbim sînemi aç, rûhuma genişlik ver.”[3] bir intihâdır. Ama أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ “Biz, Senin sîneni açıp rûhuna genişlik vermedik mi?”[4] mazhariyetine göre bir ibtidâdır. Kezâ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْكَ “Rabbim göster cemâlini göreyim Seni.”[5] kendi makamında bir son ama,

مَا زَاغَ الْبَصَرُ وَمَا طَغَى “O’nun gözü ne kaydı ne de kamaştı.”[6] ufkuna göre bir başlangıçtır. Bunun gibi إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ “Şüphesiz benimle beraberdir Rabbim ve bana yol gösterecektir.”[7] bir maiyeti idrâk ifâdesidir. Ama, لاَ تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَنَا “Tasalanma, şüphesiz Allah bizimle beraberdir.”[8] hakikat-i âliyesiyle kâbil-i kıyas değildir.

Mebde’de, sadâkat, vefâ ve azim esastır.. müntehâda, ciddiyet, temkin ve edep. Mebde’de kusur edenler, takılır yollarda kalırlar.. müntehâdakiler ise itab görür ve hırpalanırlar.

Mükellefiyetleri yerine getirmede hassasiyet ve sürekli Hakk’a yalvarıp yakarma, irâdeyi besleyen önemli kaynaklardan biridir. Bunun ötesinde, Hak inâyetinin, insanın gören gözü, işiten kulağı, söyleyen dili ve tutup yakalayan eli hâline gelmesi[9] ise, onun nâfilelerdeki titizliğine bağlıdır.

اَللَّهُمَّ أَلْهِمْنِي رُشْدِي وَأَعِذْنِي مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِي اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَتَرْكَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ وَصَلِّ اللَّهُمَّ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُخْتَارِ

Yazar: Fethullah Gülen, Sızıntı, Şubat 1991, Cilt 13, Sayı 145


[1] En’âm sûresi, 6/52; Kehf sûresi, 18/28
[2] Bürûc sûresi, 85/16
[3] Tâhâ sûresi, 20/25
[4] İnşirâh sûresi, 94/1
[5] A’râf sûresi, 7/143
[6] Necm sûresi, 53/17
[7] Şuarâ sûresi, 26/62
[8] Tevbe sûresi, 9/40
[9] Bkz. Buhârî, rikak 38; Ahmed b. Hanbel, Müsned 6/256

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